综英 Unit1 Beauty by Susan Sontagppt课件.ppt

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材 修订版 综合教程第五册 第2版 电子教案 cover Unit11Beauty 上海外语教育出版社 Pre R pictureactivation Whichoftheaboveisbeautiful Whydoyouthinkso PictureActivation Pre questions Pre R pictureactivation remarks Note Wehardlycanjudgetheabovepaintings beauty because beauty itselfistooabstract Inaddition differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsabouttheconcept Thequestionis WhatisyourOWNunderstandingof beauty PictureActivation Pre questions Pre R pre Q1 1 Itisbelievedthatalmostwithoutexceptioneveryone menandwomen oldandyoung wishestobebeautiful However somepeople nottoomanythough mightlookphysicallybeautifulbutarementallyugly Whatkindofbeautyismoreimportant internalbeautyorexternalbeauty PictureActivation Pre questions Opentodiscussion Pre R pre Q2 2 Judgmentofbeautyvariesfrompersontoperson Asthesayinggoes loveisblind Beautyisintheeyesofthebeholder Doyouthinkthereisanyuniversallyacceptedcriterionforjudgingbeauty PictureActivation Pre questions Opentodiscussion G R textintroduction Thisrevealingargumentativeessayconvincinglyarguesthatassociatingbeautywithwomenhasputbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive anddoesmuchharmtothenotionofbeautyand inparticular towomen Meanwhile thewriterexposesandcriticizesthesocialprejudicesorsexualbiasagainstwomeninrelationtobeauty Moreover shepointsoutthewayforwomentogetoutofthecrudetrapinwhichtheyhavebeencaughtfortoolongandcallsonpeopletodosomethingtosavebeautyfromwomenandforwomen TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R author 2 Sontag Susan 1933 2004 JewishAmericanwriter filmmaker critic knownforherphilosophicalwritingsonmodernculture BorninNewYorkCity SontagwaseducatedattheuniversitiesofCalifornia Chicago andParisandatHarvardUniversity Duringthe1960sand1970sSontag sessaysandobservationshadastronginfluenceontheAmericancounterculture Sheisbisexual Author G R author 3 Works 1963 TheBenefactor 恩主 1966 AgainstInterpretation includesNoteson Camp 反对阐释 1977 OnPhotography 论摄影 1978 IllnessasMetaphor 疾病的隐喻 1980 UndertheSignofSaturn 在土星的光环下 2000NationalBookAwardforInAmerica Author G R author 4 QuotesfromAgainstInterpretation 反对阐释 theunderstandingofartstartsfromintuitiveresponseandnotfromanalysisorintellectualconsiderations interpretationhadbecome theintellect srevengeuponart inplaceofahermeneuticsweneedaneroticsofart Realarthasthecapacitytomakeusnervous Byreducingtheworkofarttoitscontentandtheninterpretingthat onetamestheworkofart It sbeautiful becauseit sawful G R author 1 Beauty Whatismostbeautifulinvirilemenissomethingfeminine whatismostbeautifulinfemininewomenissomethingmasculine AgainstInterpretation NotesonCamp Author G R structuralanalysis TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure Part1 1 3 contraststheancientnotionof beauty withthemodernconcepttointroducethetopic Part2 4 7 illustrateshowwomenandmenareviewed treateddifferentlytosupporttheargument theoppressionofwomen Part3 8 9 pointsouthowsociety sgenderstereotypeshaveaffectedadverselythedevelopmentofwomen Part4 10 callsonwomenandthewholesocietytogetoutofthetrapcreatedbythe mythofbeauty andtheresultingoppressionofwomen DR p1atext BEAUTYSusanSontag1 FortheGreeks beautywasavirtue akindofexcellence Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall lamely enviously wholepersons IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson s inside and outside theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyoftheotherkind DetailedReading DR p1btext Thewell bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent sobrave sohonorable soseductive andsougly OneofSocrates mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly andteachthoseinnocent nodoubtsplendid lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas DetailedReading DR p2text 2 TheymayhaveresistedSocrates lesson Wedonot Severalthousandyearslater wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty Wenotonlysplitoff withthegreatestfacility the inside character intellect fromthe outside looks butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent talented good DetailedReading DR p3text 3 ItwasprincipallytheinfluenceofChristianitythatdeprivedbeautyofthecentralplaceithadinclassicalidealsofhumanexcellence Bylimitingexcellence virtusinLatin tomoralvirtueonly Christianitysetbeautyadrift asanalienated arbitrary superficialenchantment Andbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige Forclosetotwocenturiesithasbecomeaconventiontoattributebeautytoonlyoneofthetwosexes thesexwhich howeverFair isalwaysSecond Associatingbeautywithwomenhasputbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive morally DetailedReading DR p4text 4 Abeautifulwoman wesayinEnglish Butahandsomeman Handsome isthemasculineequivalentof andrefusalof acomplimentwhichhasaccumulatedcertaindemeaningovertones bybeingreservedforwomenonly Thatonecancallaman beautiful inFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries unlikethosecountriesshapedbytheProtestantversionofChristianity stillretainsomevestigesofthepaganadmirationforbeauty Butthedifference ifoneexists isofdegreeonly IneverymoderncountrythatisChristianorpost Christian womenarethebeautifulsex tothedetrimentofthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen DetailedReading DR p5atext 5 Tobecalledbeautifulisthoughttonamesomethingessentialtowomen scharacterandconcerns Incontrasttomen whoseessenceistobestrong oreffective orcompetent Itdoesnottakesomeoneinthethroesofadvancedfeministawarenesstoperceivethatthewaywomenaretaughttobeinvolvedwithbeautyencouragesnarcissism reinforcesdependenceandimmaturity DetailedReading DR p5btext Everybody womenandmen knowsthat Foritis everybody awholesociety thathasidentifiedbeingfemininewithcaringabouthowonelooks Incontrasttobeingmasculine whichisidentifiedwithcaringaboutwhatoneisanddoesandonlysecondarily ifatall abouthowonelooks Giventhesestereotypes itisnowonderthatbeautyenjoys atbest arathermixedreputation DetailedReading DR p6text 6 Itisnot ofcourse thedesiretobebeautifulthatiswrongbuttheobligationtobe ortotry Whatisacceptedbymostwomenasaflatteringidealizationoftheirsexisawayofmakingwomenfeelinferiortowhattheyactuallyare ornormallygrowtobe Fortheidealofbeautyisadministeredasaformofself oppression Womenaretaughttoseetheirbodiesinparts andtoevaluateeachpartseparately Breasts feet hips waistline neck eyes nose complexion hairandsoon eachinturnissubmittedtoananxious fretful oftendespairingscrutiny Evenifsomepassmuster somewillalwaysbefoundwanting Nothinglessthanperfectionwilldo DetailedReading DR p7text 7 Inmen goodlooksisawhole somethingtakeninataglance Itdoesnotneedtobeconfirmedbygivingmeasurementsofdifferentregionsofthebody Nobodyencouragesamantodissecthisappearance featurebyfeature Asforperfection thatisconsideredtrivial almostunmanly Indeed intheideallygood lookingmanasmallimperfectionorblemishisconsideredpositivelydesirable Accordingtoonemoviecritic awoman whoisadeclaredRobertRedfordfan itishavingthatclusterofskin coloredmolesononecheekthatsavesRedfordfrombeingmerelya prettyface Thinkofthedepreciationofwomen aswellasofbeauty thatisimpliedinthatjudgment DetailedReading DR p8text 8 Theprivilegesofbeautyareimmense saidCocteau Tobesure beautyisaformofpower Anddeservedlyso Whatislamentableisthatitistheonlyformofpowerthatmostwomenareencouragedtoseek Thispowerisalwaysconceivedinrelationtomen itisnotthepowertodobutthepowertoattract Itisapowerthatnegatesitself Forthispowerisnotonethatcanbechosenfreely orrenouncedwithoutsocialcensure DetailedReading DR p9text 9 Topreen forawoman canneverbejustapleasure Itisalsoaduty Itisherwork Ifawomandoesrealwork andevenifshehasclambereduptoaleadingpositioninpolitics law medicine business orwhatever sheisalwaysunderpressuretoconfessthatshestillworksatbeingattractive ButinsofarassheiskeepingupasoneoftheFairSex shebringsundersuspicionherverycapacitytobeobjective professional authoritative andthoughtful Damnediftheydo womenare Anddamnediftheydon t DetailedReading DR p10atext 10 Onecouldhardlyaskformoreimportantevidenceofthedangersofconsideringpersonsassplitbetweenwhatis inside andwhatis outside thanthatinterminablehalf comichalf tragictale theoppressionofwomen Howeasyitistostartoffbydefiningwomenascaretakersoftheirsurfaces andthentodisparagethem orfindthemadorable forbeing superficial Itisacrudetrap andithasworkedfortoolong DetailedReading DR p10btext Buttogetoutofthetraprequiresthatwomengetsomecriticaldistancefromthatexcellenceandprivilegewhichisbeauty enoughdistancetoseehowmuchbeautyitselfhasbeenabridgedinordertopropupthemythologyofthe feminine Thereshouldbeawayofsavingbeautyfromwomen andforthem DetailedReading DR p1 3Analysis Paragraph1 3AnalysisThesethreeparagraphs thebeginningpartoftheessay reviewthechangesinthenotionandpositionofbeautyfromtheangleofhistoryandassertthatforalmosttwohundredyears ithasbecomeahabitualpracticetocreditbeautywiththeweakersex whichisalwayssecondaryinstatus nomatterhowbeautifulitis andthatattributingbeautytowomenhasrenderedbeautyevenmoremorallyvulnerable DetailedReading DR p4 9Analysis Paragraph4 9AnalysisIntheseparagraphs themajorpartoftheessay theauthorarguesthatassociatingbeautywithwomendoesmuchharmtothenotionofbeautyandinparticulartowomenandabridgestheirrightsandinterests Meanwhile thewriterexposesandcriticizesthesocialprejudicesagainstwomeninrelationtobeauty Shedefendswomen srightsandinterestsbycriticizingthewrongviewpointsconcerningbeautyandwomenandexpressingherownopinionswithoutreserve DetailedReading DR p10Analysis Paragraph10AnalysisInthisparagraph theconclusionoftheessay thewriterpointsoutthattheoppressionofwomenmakesupaninterminablehalf comichalf tragictale andthattogetoutofthecrudetrapwomenarerequiredtoexaminebeautyobjectivelysothattheymayrealizehowmuchbeautyitselfhasbeenabridged Finally theauthorcallsonpeopletodosomethingtosavebeautyfromwomenandforwomen DetailedReading DR Questions p1 Paragraph1 QuestionWhatisthefunctionoffirstsentenceofthisparagraph Canyouinterpretthissentence DetailedReading Itisatransitionalsentence Greekconsiderbeautyaswhole sostudentsofSocratesmayresisthimbecausehewasugly Yet wedonot sincewehadsplitthe beauty off say inside and outside DR Questions p1 2 Paragraph1 2 QuestionWhatisthecontrastmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs DetailedReading ItisthecontrastbetweenthedifferentnotionsofbeautyheldbytheancientGreeksandthemodernmen we theGreeksconsideredbeautytobeavirtue andtheyseldomdistinguishedbetweenaperson s inside and outside andinvariablyexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbyoutwardbeauty butnowadayswedotheopposite DR Questions p1 3 DetailedReading ReadParagraph1through3 trytosummarizethechangingofthenotionof beauty DR Questions p4 1 Paragraph4 Questions1 DoyouthinkSontagwillagreethat handsome meanstomenwhat beautiful doestowomen DetailedReading Handsome dosenothavethedemeaningovertones beautiful has DR Questions p4 2 Paragraph4 Questions2 WhydoesSontagthinkthatregardingwomenasthebeautifulsexisdetrimentaltoboththenotionofbeautyandthatofwomen DetailedReading Itdepreciatesthenotionofbeauty andimpliesasexuallyunfairjudgmentofwomen DR Questions p5 Paragraph5 QuestionWhatdoesSontagrefertoby stereotypes inthelastsentenceofparagraph5 DetailedReading Fixednotionoftwosexes whatpeoplegenerallythinkamanorwomanshouldbelike DR Questions p6 Paragraph6 QuestionCanyouthinkofanyconcreteexamplesof aflatteringidealizationoftheirsex inparagraph6 DetailedReading Examplesof aflatteringidealizationoftheirsex beautycontests sexsymbols supermodelcovers DR Questions p6 7 Paragraph7 QuestionContrastparagraph6withparagraph7 doyouthinksocietyisfairinexpectationsofmenandwomenwithregardtotheirlooks Defendyouropinions DetailedReading Opentodiscussion DR Questions p8 Paragraph8 QuestionWhatdoestheauthorsuggestbyinsisting beautyisapowerthatnegatesitself DetailedReading Itisgenerallyaccepted perhaps thatbeautyisaformofpower However itisquitelamentablethatitistheonlyformofpowerthatmostwomenareencouragedtoseek Yet itisnotthepowertoactorperformbutthepowertoattractpeople probablythemale Moreover womendonothavethefreedomtoacceptordenythepower buttheyonlyhavetheobligationtoretainitwiththeapprovalofsociety Thatiswhattheauthorsuggestsinarguingthatbeautyisapowerthatnegatesitself DR Questions p9 Paragraph9 QuestionHowistheword preen tobeinterpretedinparagraph9 DetailedReading Preening abird sself makeupbehavior inreferencetoawoman isfarmorethanapleasure Itisherwork hersocialcommitmentbecausesheisalwaysunderpressuretoconfessthatshestillworksatbeingattractiveeventhoughsheisholdingashighapositionasaman Intheauthor sview preening women smaking upforbeauty isactuallyatrap fromwhichtheyshouldkeepafardistance DR Questions p10a Paragraph10 Question1 Whatdoes themythologyofthefeminine mean DetailedReading Thetraditional conventionalizedbutfalsenotionofwhatwomenshouldbelike DR Questions p10b DetailedReading 2 Whatisthewriter sattitude Thewriterthinksthatwomenhavebeencaughtinthecrudetrapfortoolongand therefore maintainsthatsomeactionshouldbetakentosavebeautyfromwomenandprotectwomen srightsandinterests LPT ifitdidoccurtotheGreeksto IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson s inside and outside theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyoftheotherkind DetailedReading Paraphrase IftheGreeksdidthinkofdistinguishingbetweenaperson sinnerqualitiesandoutwardlooks theystillexpectedthatthepersonwhopossessedinnerbeautyshouldpossessasmuchoutwardbeauty LPT match matchvt tobeequalto findsb orsth thatfitsorcorrespondsto DetailedReading Noonecanmatchheratchess Wetrytomatchtheapplicantswithappropriatevacancies e g LPT paradoxical paradoxicaladj seeminglyabsurdorcontradictory evenifactuallywell founded conflictingwithapreconceivednotionofwhatisreasonableorpossible DetailedReading e g Thespeakermadesomeparadoxicalstatements Hisparadoxicalremarksseemabsurdorcontradictory buttheyareactuallytrue Itseemsparadoxicalthatthereshouldbeahandfulofrichpeopleinfaceofmillionsofpoorpeople LPT seductive seductiveadj attractive tendingtoseduce charmortemptsb DetailedReading e g Herseductivesmileattractssomanyyoungpeople Thisofferofahighsalaryandafreehouseisveryseductivetotheapplicants G R culture note Socrates Socrates Paragraph1 469 399BC aGreekphilosopher whoprofoundlyaffectedWesternphilosophythroughhisinfluenceonPlato SocratesbelievedinthesuperiorityofargumentoverwritingandthereforespentthegreaterpartofhismaturelifeinthemarketplaceandpublicplacesofAthens engagingindialogueandargumentwithanyonewhowouldlistenorwhowouldsubmittointerrogation Socrateswasreportedlyunattractiveinappearanceandshortofstaturebutwasalsoextremelyhardyandself controlled Heachievedsocialpopularitybecauseofhisreadywitandakeensenseofhumorthatwascompletelydevoidofsatireorcynicism LPT oneofSocratesmain OneofSocrates mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly andteachthoseinnocent nodoubtsplendid lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas DetailedReading Paraphrase Socrates not so agreeablelooksservedasanimportantmeansineducatinghisfollowerswhowereintellectuallyimmature butundoubtedlyhandsome ithelpedillustratehisteachingthatlifewasreallyfullofabsurdorcontradictorythings LPT theymayhaveresisted TheymayhaveresistedSocrates lesson DetailedReading Paraphrase HisdisciplesmayhaverefusedtoacceptwhatSocratestaughtthem LPT wedonotseveralthousandyearslater Wedonot Severalthousandyearslater wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty DetailedReading Paraphrase WedonotresistSocrates lesson Severalthousandyearslater wearemorecautiousaboutthecharmsofbeauty LPT wary waryadj cautiousandwatchful DetailedReading e g Childrenareusuallytoldtobewaryofstrangers Theguardsarekeepingawaryeyeontheguyloafinginthelobby LPT wenotonlysplitoff Wenotonlysplitoff withthegreatestfacility the inside character intellect fromthe outside looks butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent talented good DetailedReading Paraphrase Wenotonlydistinguish withthegreatestease aperson scharacterorintellectfromhis heroutwardlooks butalsofeelquitesurprisedwhensomeoneisbothbeautifulandintelligent talented andgood LPT facility facilityn anabilitytodosth easilyoreffortlessly DetailedReading e g Thethiefrananddodgedwithsuchfacilitythatthepolicemenalmostfailedtocatchhim IcanhardlybelievethatyouspeakEnglishwithsuchfacility LPT itwasprincipallytheinfluenceof ItwasprincipallytheinfluenceofChristianitythatdeprivedbeautyofthecentralplaceithadinclassicalidealsofhumanexcellence DetailedReading Paraphrase ItwaschieflyduetotheinfluenceofChristianitythatbeautylostitsmostimportantpositionwhichithadoccupiedinidealvirtues embodiedintheartandliteratureofancientGreeceandRome LPT classical classicaladj of relatingtoorinfluencedbytheartandliteratureofancientGreeceandRome ofmusic seriousandtraditionalinstyle simple restrainedandharmoniousinstyle DetailedReading e g AclassicaleducationisonebasedonthestudyofLatinandGreek SheisstudyingtheclassicalmusicofIndia Thestyleofthearchitectureischaracterizedbyaclassicalelegance LPT bylimitingexcellence Bylimitingexcellence virtusinLatin tomoralvirtueonly Christianitysetbeautyadrift asanalienated arbitrary superficialenchantment DetailedReading Paraphrase Byconfiningexcellence virtusinLatin tomoralvirtueonly Christianityrenderedbeautyindefiniteorunfixedinmeaning regardingitasakindofestrangedandshallowcharmdeterminedonlybypersonalopinionorimpulse LPT alienate alienatevt toestrangesb causesb tobecomeunfriendlyorindifferent DetailedReading e g ThePrimeMinister spolicyalienatedmanyofherfollowers Manyartistsfeelalienatedfromsociety LPT arbitrary arbitraryadj basedonpersonalopinionorimpulse notonprinciplesorreason usinguncontrolledpowerwithoutconsideringothers dictatorial likeadictator DetailedReading e g Thechoiceofplayersfortheteamseemscompletelyarbitrary Anarbitraryrulerwieldshisarbitrarypowers LPT andbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige Andbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige DetailedReading Paraphrase BecauseoftheinfluenceofChristianity beautyhascontinuedtosufferalossofmoralsignificance LPT prestige prestigen respectbasedongoodreputation pastachievements etc powertoimpressothers esp asaresultofwealth distinction glamour etc DetailedReading e g Themansufferedalossofprestigewhenthescandalwaspublicized Sheenjoysprestigeinthecommunity LPT forclosetotwocenturiesithasbecome Forclos