人教版英语八年级上第4单元知识点.doc

人教版英语八年级上第4单元知识点Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?一、重点短语归纳11 / 11人教版英语八年级上第4单元知识点2.close to离近3.clothes store服装店4.in town在镇上5.so far到目前为止6.10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程7.talent show才艺表演n共同；共有9.around the world世界各地；全世界10.more and more越来越11.and so on等等12.all kinds of各种各样的13.be up to是的职责；由决定14.not everybody并不是每个人15.make up编造（故事、谎言等）16.play a role in在方面发挥作用/有影响17.for example例如18.takeseriously认真对待 19.give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物y（梦想、希望）实现；达到21.the biggest screens最大的荧屏22.be the closest to home 离家最近23.the shortest waiting time 最短的等候时间2 有最舒服的座位25.the best sound 最好的声音26.buy clothes the most cheaply 买最便宜的衣服27.play the most boring songs播放最乏味的歌曲28.the worst music 最差的音乐29.the freshest food最新鲜的食物3 坐得最舒服31.the best performer 最好的演员32.the most talented person 最有天赋的人33.more and more popular 越来越受欢迎34 有相同特征35.the funniest actors 最风趣的演员36.play the piano the best 钢琴弹得最好37.sing the most beautifully 唱得最美妙38.around 10 oclock 大约十点39.Chinas Got Talent 中国达人秀人教版英语八年级上第4单元知识点人教版英语八年级上第4单元知识点如：Can I ask you some questions? (some用在疑问句中表示委婉语气、建议,不能换成any）2.How do you like? =What do you think of?你认为怎么样？如：How do you like it so far? =What do you think of it so far?到目前为止你认为它怎么样？3.Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。如：Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。4. the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数.“第几的” 如：He is the second tallest boy in the class.5.much+ adj./adv.的比较级 “得多”,即much可以修饰比较级。如：He is much better than other actors at finding the most interesting roles.他比其他演员更擅长找到最有趣的角色。6.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事如：Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的天赋总是很有趣。7.play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事的作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色如：When people watch the show,they usually play a role in deciding the winner.当人们观看表演时,他们通常在决定冠军方面发挥作用。8. one of the +最高级+可数名词复数 （意为“最.之一”,做主语时看做单数)如：One of the longest rivers in China is the Yellow River.注意：“one of +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+可数名词复数”=“a/an +可数名词单数+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”如：one of my friends=a friend of mine我的一个朋友如：one of the boys habits=a habit of the boys这个男孩的一个习惯9.形容词最高级与比较级的转换,变成：形容词比较级+than any other +单数名词形容词比较级+than the other + 复数名词形容词比较级+than anyone else如：Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than anyone else in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class.注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class.三、重点单词用法adj. 舒适的,舒服的,安逸的比较级： 最高级：副词：反义词：2. seat n. 座位 take a seat = have a seat 坐下take ones seat 就座如：Have a seat ,please. 请坐There are enough seats in the meeting-room.(会议室)vt. 及物动词,be seated 就座 =seat oneself 如：They are seated there.注意：seat/sit（从动词角度上区别）共同点：作为动词,都可以表示“坐”的意思。不同点：seat是及物动词,比较正式,常以被动形式表示主动意义,seat sb / oneself=be seated,主语可以是人可以是物。如：He is seated between Jack and Tom.她坐在杰克和汤姆之间。Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.) 请坐。He seated himself at the desk.他坐在做桌子旁。The room can seat forty people.房间可以容纳40个人的座位。sit通常作不及物动词用,比较口语化,主语通常是人。如：The students are sitting at their desks.学生们正坐在课桌旁。Sit down, please. 请坐。另外,注意这两个词在作宾补时的不同形式：When I came in I found him seatedsitting at the back.3. soundn. 声音,指自然界的一切声音 注意：sound/ voice/ noisevoice人的“嗓音”。noise不悦耳的噪音 sound指自然界的一切声音v. 作为连系动词sound + 形容词, 意为“听起来”如：The story sounds interesting.4. close adj. 近的(指时间或空间上的),亲密的 v. 关闭be close to 离近 be far from 离 远如：My home is very close to the school.You are my close friend.你是我最亲密的朋友。Please close the door.注意：closed adj. 关着的 其反义词：open如：The door is closed.门是关着的。5. ticket n. 票,券 a ticket to/ for sth. 一张的票相似地：a key to the door 门的钥匙； the way to 去某地的路如：在回家的路上on the way home一张去动物园的票a ticket to the zoo6.waitvi.不及物动词 wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事如：He is waiting for a bus他正在等公交车She is waiting for you at the bus station.她正在公交车站等你。I cant wait to open that box, wondering whats inside. 我迫不及待地打开那个盒子,想看看里面是什么.注意：waiting time 等候时间 动词的-ing形式作定语,修饰名词,表示被修饰词的某种用途。 类似地：read-ing + room阅读 房间= reading room 阅览室swim-ming + pool游泳 水池= swimming pool 游泳池7. choose v. 选择,挑选 过去式：chose ；过去分词：chosenchoose (not) to do sth. 决定（不）做某事如：He chose not to go to the park.他决定不去公园了。其名词：choice“选择” make a choice 做选择have no choice but to do sth.=have nothing but do sth. 除了做外别无他法/选择如：He has no choice but to stay at home.他只能呆在家里。8. carefully adv. 细致地,小心地 care n. 小心 v. 在乎,关心careful adj. 小心的,认真的。反义词：careless 粗心的,马虎的；carelessly adv. 疏乎地9. so far 到目前为止本意可以理解为用so加强far的意思,表示“如此远”。10. service n. 不可数名词,“接待,服务”如：The menu had only 10 dishes and the service was not good at all.菜单上只有十样菜,并且服务一点也不好。v. 服务 serve sb. 为某人服务 serve sb with sth=serve sth to sb：拿出来款待某人 .如：Science serves the people.科学为人民服务。He served some sweets to the children.= He served the children with some sweets.他拿出糖果来款待孩子们。注意：servant n. 仆人11. pretty adv. 很,十分,相当 pretty good “相当好”,只修饰形容词的原级如：I think 970 AM is pretty good.(调幅970兆赫)adj. 漂亮的,通常说女性,小孩或小的物品。如：She looks pretty.12. act v. 扮演（角色） 如：She acted/played an important part in the movie/film. 她在那部电影里扮演了一个重要的角色。n. 行动如：an act of kindness好心的行为扩展：action n. 行动,活动 take action 采取行动actor/ actress n. 男/ 女演员active adj. 积极的 take an active part in 积极参与actively adv. 积极地 activity n. 活动13. meal n. 早（或午,晚）餐；一餐所吃的食物 如：3 meals a day一日三餐14. creative adj. 有创造力的,创造性的比较级：more creative 最高级：the most creativecreate v. 创造,创作 creation n. 创造,创造物15. talent n. 天资,天赋,才艺talent show才艺表演have a talent in sth./for doing sth. 有某方面/ 做某事的天赋如：He has talent in English.I have a talent for persuading people into doing something.在说服别人方面,我有天赋。I have a talent for writing.在写作方面我有天赋。拓展：talented adj. 有才能的,有才干的 be talented in doing sth 如：He is a very talented actor.他是一个很有天赋的演员。You are very talented in speaking English.你很有说英语的天赋。16. performer n. 表演者,演员拓展：perform v. 执行,表演 ；performance n. 行为,表演n. 与相同 adj. 普遍的,共同的 在某方面（嗜好或观念）有共同点如：.他和他哥哥毫无共同点。如：s我们有共同的兴趣。18. join v. 加入,参加（加入人群、团体、组织和机构等）拓展：join/join in/ take part in1)join：加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,不可用join in。如： He will never forget the day when he joined the Party. 他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。 His brother joined the army three years ago. 他哥哥是三年前参军的。 join：还可解释为“连接”。如： The railway joined the two cities. 铁路把两个城市连接起来了。 The two clauses are joined by a conjunction. 两个分句由一个连词连接起来。 2) join in：多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。如： 快,来参加球赛。 Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？ 注意：如果说“与其人一起做某事”,则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如： May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ 来和我们一起讨论吧！ We are having supper now. Would you like to join us? 我们正在吃晚饭,你也来和我们一起吃好吗？ 3)take part in：参加(群众性活动、会议等),往往指参加者持积极态度起一定作用。如： A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement. 大批学生参加了五四运动。 All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning. 所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。 注意：take part in是惯用词组,part前一般不用冠词,但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。如：Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。19.rolen.角色play an important role in sth./ doing sth. 在某事当中扮演重要角色；在做某事当中发挥重要作用leading role 主角 role play 角色扮演如：When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner.当人们观看表演时,他们通常在决定冠军方面发挥作用。20. life n. 生命,生活 ；复数：lives拓展：live /liv/ v. 居住 ；第三人称单数: lives（live /laiv/ 作形容词用,指现场直播）如：现场直播live show21. make up 编造（故事,谎言等）。如：make up lies 编造谎言补上,补足；如：make up the time 补上这段时间组成,占；如： make up a team 组建一个团队化妆；如： make up your face 给你的脸化妆; make sb./oneself up给某人/自己化妆和解；言归于好弥补,补偿make up for被动语态：be made up 被编造；be made up of= consist of 由组成make up ones mind to do sth. 下决心做某事如：Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.有些人认为这些表演者的生活是编造的如：The story is made up.这个故事是虚构的。如：Theyll do all they can to make up the economic losses.他们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。如：委员会由六位妇女组成。如：这是他们总收入的百分之十五。如：She makes herself up every morning.她每天早上都要化妆。如：她是来与你和解的。如：His intelligence made up for his lack of personal charm.他的智慧弥补了他的容貌缺陷。如：I made up my mind not to tell them what had happened. 22. poor adj. 贫穷的,可怜的,差的,不擅长的如：贫困的孩子 poor children注意：the poor 表示贫穷的一类人,意为“穷人、贫民”如：The poor now live a happy life穷人现在过上幸福的生活了。23. seriously adv. 严重地；严肃地；认真地take sth. seriously 认真对待某事如：However, if you dont take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch.然而,如果你对这些节目不太认真对待,它们观看起来还是很有趣的。24. fun n.& adj. 有乐趣be fun to do sth. 做某事有乐趣have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快make fun of 与某人开玩笑 如：However, if you dont take these shows too seriously, they are fun to watch.然而,如果你对这些节目不太认真对待,它们观看起来还是很有趣的。如：Did you have fun visiting that country?参观那个国家,你们快乐吗？如：Dont make fun of others.25. crowded adj. 拥挤的 be crowded with 挤满如：Crowdedconditions favour the spread of disease.拥挤的条件便于疾病传播。如：The arena was crowded with thousands of spectators.竞技场中挤满了数千名观众。拓展：crowd n. 群众a crowd of 一群如：Thecrowdcheered the speaker.群众向演说者欢呼起来了。四、难句解析1. -Whats the best clothes store in town?城里最好的的服装店是哪家？ -I think Millers is the best.我觉得米勒的服装店是最好的。解析：此句中best 是good 的最高级形式,其前应加定冠词the。in town 在城镇,town前加不加任何冠词或修饰成分。但是in the city 在城市；in the country在乡村,在农村。city/country前加定冠词the。如：Do you like living in town or in the city?你喜欢住在城镇还是住在城市里？Go to town去镇上。Go to the city去城里此句中 Millers 是名词所有格的形式,表示场所、店铺等意义。如：the barbers 理发店the doctors 诊所my uncles 我叔叔家clothes 本身是复数形式,后面动词应用复数。Clothing 是复合名词,衣服的总称,没有复数形式,后面动词应用单数。如：The clothes in that shop are expensive. 那家店的衣服贵。All the clothing in the shop is very cheap. 这家店里的衣服很便宜。2. 它有最舒适的座位。3.因为它们有最大的座位所以你可以坐得最舒服。解析： 为形容词,意为“舒适的”,用来修饰seats。 是它的最高级形式,在句中使用时,要在其最高级前加the. 为e的副词,意为“舒服地；舒适地”,用来修饰它前面的sit,y 是它的最高级形式。在句中使用时,其最高级前可以加the也可以不加。类似的词在本单元还有许多。例如：beautifulbeautifully,cheapcheaply,carefulcarefully等4. Its the closest to home. 它离家最近。解析：1)close 在此句中为形容词,意为“近的,接近的”,既可指时间,也可以指空间上的。closest 为形容词 close的最高级形式。其反义词为far, 近义词为near。在表达“离近”时,用（be）close to 结构。如：The post office is close to the park. 邮局离公园近。He sat close to us. 他挨着我们坐。be close to home.离家近拓展：close/nearclose与near都意为“近的”,但close比near表达的距离更近,相当于very near,可以近至几乎相接触,而near意为“附近的；邻近的。”如：My home is near our school.我家离我们学校很近。close还是一个动词,意为“关；关闭”。其反义词为open。例如：Please close the windows before leaving. 离开前请将窗户关上。Dont close your eyes, please. 请不要闭上眼睛。close还可意为“亲密的”如：You are my close friend.你是我最亲密的朋友。2）home 在这里为名词,意为“家”.注意：包含“爱；温暖；舒适；安全”等意义,通常不用冠词修饰。如：Home is where the heart is.心在哪里,哪里就是家。练一练1). The store is the _to my home. I often do shopping in it.A. Near B. closest C. farthest D. closes2). David ,where do you live? Its_ Taishan.A. Close from B.closing to C.close to D.far to 3). My home is _our school, so I have to take the bus.A. Far from B.closed to C. Far to D.near.5.Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents.观看别人展示他们的天赋总是很有趣。解析：Its interesting to do sth. 意思是 “做某事有趣”,它是Its +adj+to do sth.句型的一种形式,it 作形式主语,to do sth.是真正的主语。如：It.玩电脑游戏很有趣。watch 在句中是感官动词。watch sb.do sth. 意为“观看某人做了某事或经常观看某人做某事”,强调“观看动作的全过程”。如：I watched them play football the whole afternoon.整个下午我在看他们踢足球。watch sb.doing sth. 则表示“观看某人正在做某事”强调“动作正在进行”。如：Im watching them playing football. 我正在观看他们踢足球。hear,see, feel, notice 等感官动词的用法与watch一致。例如：I saw him get on the bus. 我看见他上了公共汽车。（动作已完成）I saw him getting on the bus. 我看见他正在上公共汽车。（动作正在进行)注意：后接不带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词有：三眼,两耳,一注意,加上三个小使役,半个help莫忘记。即：三眼：look at, see, watch两耳：hear, listen to 一注意：notice三个小使役：have , let , makehelp后面的动词不定式作宾补时,to可有可无。练一练 1). I saw my father_ . It made me _better.A.smiling; to feel B.smile; feeling C.smile ; feel D.smile; to feel2). The young woman watched her daughter_ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon.A.to play B.to play with C.playing with D.played3). I often hear her_ in the room.A.sing B.sang C.singing D.to sing4). Its nice of you _me with my math.A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped6. Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。解析：Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。=Thank sb. for doing sth.如：-Thanks a lot for your help.非常感激你的帮助。7. No problem解析：不用客气（主要用于美国英语）；没问题。如：-Thank you.如：-Could you post me for this letter?- No problem.8.All kinds of people join these shows.各种各样的人都可参加这些表演。解析：1)all kinds of 意为“各种类型的,各种各样的”,kind此处作可数名词,意为“种类,类别”,different kinds of,意为“不同种类的”。如：Now, parents always make their children take part in all kinds of activities.现在,父母总是让孩子参加各种各样的活动。如：There are many different kinds of animals in the zoo.动物园里有许多不同类型的动物。拓展：kind of ,意为“有点儿”=a little.修饰形容词或副词。如：I feel kind of hungry.我感觉有点饿。kind作形容词,意为“和蔼的”,be kind to “对和蔼”如：She is very kind to children.她对孩子们非常和蔼。2) join,v. 加入,参加（加入人群、团体、组织和机构等）拓展：join/join in/ take part injoin：加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,不可用join in。如： He will never forget the day when he joined the Party. 他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。 His brother joined the army three years ago. 他哥哥是三年前参军的。 join：还可解释为“连接”。如： The railway joined the two cities. 铁路把两个城市连接起来了。 The two clauses are joined by a conjunction. 两个分句由一个连词连接起来。 join in：多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。如： 快,来参加球赛。 Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？ 注意：如果说“与其人一起做某事”,则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如： May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ 来和我们一起讨论吧！ We are having supper now. Would you like to join us? 我们正在吃晚饭,你也来和我们一起吃好吗？ take part in：参加(群众性活动、会议等),往往指参加者持积极态度起一定作用。如： A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement. 大批学生参加了五四运动。 All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning. 所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。 注意：take part in是惯用词组,part前一般不用冠词,但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。如：Lin