梁老师八英语预习讲义(1,29).doc

Unit10Unit12一、 知识点梳理（一）重点短语1. be scared of sb./sth. 恐惧某人/某物 2. go up 上升 ， 与rise 同义，与go down 或set 相反3. make a noise 发出声响，吵闹4. arrive in 到达，表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时，用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时，用介词at ；到达的地方用副词表示时，可不用介词。5. notuntil直到才 6. stopdoing停止做某事7. go cycling 相当于 go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。8. nit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”，表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。9. turn around 转身 10. fall off 摔下来11. give sb. a push 推某人一下 12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事13. get off 从下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。 14. think about 思考、想起、想到（某人或某事） 15. all day 一整天16. one by one 一个接一个地，类似有year by year 一年又一年；day by day 一天又一天。17. hold on 有两个意思，一个是“（电话）不挂断”；一个是“抓紧”。 18. come down 下来（二）、课文难句解析1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1) money 金钱；货币 eg Whats the money? 价钱是多少? paper money 纸币；钞票2) in 100 years 在100年之后“in+一段时间”常用在将来时态中 Ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。2. There will be less leisure time空闲时间会更少。1) less 形容词：较少的(是little的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。 eg Janes less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮 Five is less than six 5比6少。2) leisure time 空闲时间 egWhat do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？3. I dont agree 我不同意。 agree在本句中作动词，I dont agree是一句交际用语，表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，如果表赞成，则为I agree。1) 表示“同意某人意见”时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。 eg Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗? I dont agree with what she said 我不同意她所说的。2) 表示“同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)”时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。egI agree to your idea 我同意你的想法。 My plan was agreed to by all of them 他们所有的人都同意我的计划。3) 表示“就取得一致意见”用agree on(或upon)，指“两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议”。 egThey both agreed on the date for the meeting他们双方都同意开会的日期。4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示“同意做某事”。 egThey agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他们同意明天下午动身。5. What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子? 此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。 eg Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书? Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢上了这座城市。1) go表示“去”，过去式是went，“go to+地名”表示“到某地去”。 egWhen will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？ He will go to the factory tomorrow他明天要去那所工厂。 如果go后面接副词，不用to。 egHe went home at before six yesterday evening他昨天晚上6点前回家的。2) last year意为“去年”，用于一般过去时态中。 egHe went to London last year去年他去了伦敦。3) love爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with是“喜爱；爱上；与相恋”的意思。 egHe went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。7. I cant have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。 egJohn didnt go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。2) hate表示“不喜欢，憎恨”，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示“讨厌做某事”。 egHe hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。 I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。8. Ill probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。1) go doing sth. 结构，表示“去做 go skating 去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船egMy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。 I like going skating我喜欢去滑冰。2) every day与everyday区别：every day表示“每天”，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday表示“日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的”，是形容词。例如： egI get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。 He wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. During the week Ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit 在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。1) during表示“在期间”，during the week是介词短语，意为“在工作日里”。 egThe sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。 He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。2) look表示“看上去”，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。 egThat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear表示“穿”，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。 egWe wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。 She is wearing a new coat 她穿着一件新衣服。 Does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？ put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，强调动作。 egShe put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。 注意：put on是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。 他整天戴着草帽。 误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day. 10. Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation 我会去香港度假。on vacation意为“在度假”，on表示“处于状态中”。eg He will go to Hangzhou on vacation他要到杭州度假。 My father will be away on business tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?1) Whats the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于How is the weather？What be like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是“怎么样?” 类似的说法还有What do you think of? How do you like?等句型。 egWhat is the book like? What do you think of the book? How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样? Whats the weather like today?How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?2) What isare1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。 egWhats the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样? What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?12. There were many famous predictions that never came true(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。2) come true指“理想，梦想等实现”。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。 egMy dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。Her dream to go to university has come true 她上大学的愿望实现了。二、重点语法There be结构1. therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。 There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。 There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。 There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。 There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。 2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。 How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？ There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。 There are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。 There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。 3. 在therebe引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。 There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。 There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。 There is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。 4、There is no doing.(口语)不可能. There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。 There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。 3、 课堂练习根据所给汉语的适当形式填空。 1Shell_（成为）a doctor. 2I want to go_（游泳）. 3The prediction will come_（实现）. 4Li Lei_（养）a pet dog in his house. 5There will be_（更少的）cars.单项选择（ ）1. There _ robots in peoples homes in 30 years.AisBareCbeDwill be（ ）2. Ten years ago， she_ in London.AliveBlivesClivedDwill live（ ）3. Will there be more people?AYes， there isBNo， there isntCYes， there willDNo， there will（ ）4. Shell_ to Beijing tomorrow.AgoBgoesCwentDto go（ ）5. Jumping is difficult as well as_.ArunBrunsCrunningDwill run（ ）6. There are_ more people in the department stores on Sundays than usual.AmanyBmuchCsoDa little（ ）7. Its very friendly_ you to come to see me.AofBforCtoDon（ ）8. I dont know_ to make a decision at once.AA. ifBwhetherCwhatDwhen（ ）9. He is good at English and is now_ China Daily.AonBatCwork atDwork on（ ）10. I went to see my grandma every_ days.Afour or fiveBfour and fiveCfourthDfifth句型转换 1. Everyone will have a credit card. （否定句） Everyone_ have a credit card. 2. We often go to see Aunt Sun. （对划线部分提问） _ _ do you go to see Aunt Sun. 3. She finished her homework. （否定句） She _ _ her homework. 4. Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation. （对划线部分提问） _ _ go to on vacation? 5. I will fly rockets to moon and Mars. （对划线部分提问） _ _ you go to moon and Mars? 完形填空 Everybody loves Christmas. Its time 1 ， to visit friends and family members， and to share with others. In many countries， people give 2 Christmas cards and presents. 3 Christmas trees in their houses. They hang lights and other things on the trees. And 4 like“Jingle Bells”. These songs are called“ 5 ”. At Christmas time， people also do 6 to help others. 7 ， they give clothes and food to poor people. People also give toys to poor children. 8 on December 25th. Its a 9 holiday. So many people go to 10 on Christmas.（ ）1Aof the yearBfor cryingCto be happyDin January（ ）2AothersBeach otherCany otherDsome others（ ）3AThey putBEveryone plantsCWe burnDMany people sell（ ）4Apeople talkBa man wroteCtheres movieDpeople sing songs（ ）5Apop songsBclassical songsCChristmas carolsDfolk songs（ ）6Anice thingsBbad thingsCnothingDnot anything（ ）7AThey are not friendlyBFor exampleCThey dont give things awayDon Halloween（ ）5AChristmas isBPeople go to schoolCNobody goes to churchDEverybody works（ ）9AcommonBordinaryCreligiousDgovernment（ ）10Athe streetsBshopCcollegeDchurch阅读理解A A university professor recently made several tests with different animals to find out which was cleverer than other animals. In one test the professor put a monkey in a room where there were several small boxes. Some boxes were inside other boxes. One small box had some food in it. The professor wanted to watch the monkey and to find out bow long it would take the monkey to find the food. The professor left the room. He waited a few minutes outside the door. Then be get down on his knees and put his eye to the keyhole. What did he see? To his surprise， he found himself looking into the eye of the monkey. The monkey was on the other side of the door and looked at the professor through the keyhole.（ ）1The professor wonder（想知道）_.Aif the monkey came into the box Bif the monkey would look for the food Cif the monkey was cleverer than other animals Dif some boxes were inside other boxes（ ）2In one test the professor put a monkey _. Ainto a small box Binto several small boxes Cinto a box where there was some food Din a room（ ）3After the professor left the room， the monkey _. Abegan to eat food Bbegan to look for foodClook at the professor through the keyhole Dcame into the boxes one after another（ ）4The professor _Agot down on his knees and waited outside the door Bgot down on his knees and put his eye to the keyhole Cleft the room for a long time Dlooked at the monkey through the window with his eye（ ）5To the professors surprise _. Athe monkey got down on its Bthe monkey came out of the room Cthe monkey looked at the professor through the windows D. the monkey put its eye to the keyhole五、课后作业一、记单词。二、阅读理解。 Three men arrived in New York for a holiday. They stayed in a very large hotel and their room was on the forty-fifth floor. In the evening they went to the theatre and came back late. “Im very sorry.”said the attendant of the hotel.“The lifts are not working tonight. Do you want to walk up to your room or sleep in the hall for the night?” “Oh”， said one of the three.“We do not want to sleep in the hall. We l walk up to our room.” He turned to his two friends and said.“I think we can make our walk up to the room easier. On the way， Ill tell you some jokes; then you， Alan， will sing us some songs; and then you， Peter will tell us some interesting stories”. Now they began their walk up to their roomTom told the jokes. Alan sang the songs. At last they came to the thirty-fourth floor. They felt tired and stopped to have a rest. “Well”， said Tom. “Its your turn now. Peter please tell us a long and interesting story with a sad ending.”“OK， Ill tell you a sad story，” said Peter， “It is not long， but its the saddest story of all. We left the key to our room in the hall.”（ ）6Tom， Alan and Peter went to New York to_.Avisit a very large hotelBlive thereChave a holidayDvisit their friends（ ）7That evening they went toAsee the sightsBwatch a playCtheir friends houseDa restaurant（ ）8