2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版11-20.doc

2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十一)66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been leftbe supposed to do sth. 应该（理应）做某事。37. Hes watching TV？ Hes _D_ to be cleaning his room.A known B considered C regarded D supposedregard as 把认作67. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treated B adjusted C adopted D remediedtreat 对待，处理; Ill treat you. 我请客，应用于真正请客之前。Its on me. 应用于结帐时。adjust vt. 调整，调节; adopt vt. 收养，领养; remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正;68. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A working out B having worked outC having been worked out D to have been worded outyields 产量; work out 作出，推出关于百分数之前介词的用法increase to 80 percent 增加到80% （增加到用to）increase by 60 percent增加了60% （表示增加的幅度用by）55. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.A by B for C to D in69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmedspoil vt. 宠坏，溺爱70. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.A take B hand C think D gettake over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔细考虑; get over 克服，战胜。2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十二) 41. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so lets have _A_ one this month.A another B more C the other D other不定代词：1 两者中的一个用one;另一个则用the other; 2 很多东西中的一个用one;剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多东西中的一个用one;剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another;在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another（单数概念）; 4 很多东西中拿了若干出来用some;剩下所有叫others; other 后通常要加可数名词的复数形式; more 要用在数词的后面once more 再来一个（用于很不正式的场合） vravo 再来一个（用于正式场合）44. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.A the other B any other C another D otherneither 两者中任意一者都不42. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.A impression B reaction C comment D opinionreaction n. 反应; reaction to 对作出反应。43. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.A finish what I did B finished what I didC would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doingas soon as所引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态搭配有一种情况是主从句都用一般过去时。45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear， what we do， and even how we feel.A benefits B affects C guides D effectsaffect vt. 影响; effect n. 影响。2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版（十三） 倒装：倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。全部倒装的五条原则：1. There be句型（表示有）;2. 以There或now开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go;There you go again. 你又去那里了。3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。4. 以副词out， in， up， down， away开头的句子;在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。5. 以状语（常见的是地点状语）开头的句子。2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十四) 倒装的六条原则：1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装;nor， neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装;2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had， should， could， were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装;3. as， though表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。例如：She is beautiful. They are students.四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。26. _B_ as it was at such a time， his work attracted much attention.A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。being published 正在被出版; to be published 将要被出版。此句恢复正常语序应为： As it was published at such a time 4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装;常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never， little， few， hardly （ when）， scarcely （ when） ;seldom 难得，不常;nowhere 哪里都不。常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不; on no account 决不;under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装;（如果only去掉就是全部倒装）43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permittedC are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmenfreshmen 新生; make up for 弥补，补偿; make-up tests 补考（缓考）。6. 注意两个表达形式：come what may 无论发生什么情况; say what you will 畅所欲言。-1991-06-强调句式的补充内容：被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect， it seems to me that there are two causes.A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it isprevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍（阻止）某人做某事。强调部分本为： it is what that prevents so many 又因为句中有疑问词，应写为： what is it that prevents so 。.但强调句式在句中作宾语成分，故正确写法为： what it is that 2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十五)50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to gothan 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现; rather than + 动词原形;平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步：1 找出连接词，2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invitedappreciate + 动名词（不能加动词原形，不能加句子）。41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keepyour keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.A regard B counting C account D observationtake sth. into account 考虑。54. Important people dont often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.A take away B take over C take up 占据 D take in55. When I was very young， I was terribly frightened of school， but I soon _ it.A got off B got across C got away D got overgot over it 克服战胜。56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.A rate B speed C pace D growthpace 节奏; rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer， but Los Angeles _B_.A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcelyrarely， usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后，表示实在意思的词前面。58. The speaker， _D_ for her splendid speeches， was warmly received by the audience.A having known B being known C knowing D knownknow 没有现在分词;know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配：of， about。known for 以而著名。60. I couldnt find _A_， and so I took this one.A a large enough coat B an enough large coatC a large coat enough D a coat enough largeenough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。61. I always _B_ what I have said.A get to B hold to C lead to D see to本题所有选项中的to都是介词，其后加动词动名词的形式。hold to 坚守，信守; see to 负责做，处理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.A when B then C than D untilno sooner than 一就63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A what B which C that D whoseevidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实，后面都要带同位语从句，且从句用that引导。64. He moved away from his parents， and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. too to，太而不能A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserableguilty adj. 有罪的; be ashamed of 因而羞愧（不好意思）的; miserable adj. 悲惨的。66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brothers wedding ceremony four years ago.A in B at C during D overceremony n. 典礼，仪式。要表达在某典礼（仪式）上用介词at。at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way？A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would supposedo you supposed 常做插入语。68. _D_ the advances of science， the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. despite prep. 尽管; as for 关于，至于A As for B Besides C Except D Despite69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A have B has C having D to haveinfluence on 对造成影响，很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himselfhurt oneself 自残; be to + 动词原形，将要做某事;2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十六) 41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being preparedbe busy doing sth. 忙于做某事42. Five minutes earlier， _A_ we could have caught the last train.A and B but C or D an orderand 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成“那么（和）”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译：1. 省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an orderorder n. 定购，订单; purchase n. 购买。45. By the end of this month， we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的，则时态要选择完成时态。将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.A take on B get on C put up D look uptake on 承担; take on responsibility 承担责任。47. Having no money but _B_ to know， he simply said he would go without dinner.A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no onedinner n. 正餐（多指晚餐）; supper n. 夜宵，晚餐; breakfast n. 早餐; lunch n. 午餐;brunch n. 早午餐。but前后的句子要平衡48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.A inform B informs C informed D has informeddesire v. 要求，表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气， （should） + 动词原形。其他同样用法的词还有ask， demand， request， require.49. Not _B_， the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normallynot surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 vary vi. 变化。vary from to 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between and 在两者之间进行变化。29. Features such as height， weight， and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.A change B vary C alter D convertindividual n. 个人，个体; individualism n. 个人主义。44. The hope， goals， fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women， between the rich and the poor.A alter B shift C transfer D vary50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.A before B until C since D whenIt + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在之前花费多少时间。54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A since B when C after D before51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神A in B at C for D on52. Theres little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.A retain B endure C maintain D surviveretain vt. 保持，保留; endure v. 忍受; maintain vt. 维持，保持，坚持认为;survive vi. 生存; vt. 活过 （宾语为某种灾难）。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。前缀sur表示过 ，外，超; vive 表示生活，强调活着。54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.A which is B which was C they have D it isless than句子前后要平衡结构。55. In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.A attend B attended C to attend D attendingfar more than 远远多于，远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。56. The French pianist n. 钢琴师 who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned downturn up 后面不加宾语表示出现，后面加宾语表示将声音调高，调大;turn in + 宾语 上缴，交出; turn down 将声音调低，调小;拒绝;refuse sb. 指直接的回绝; turn sb. down 则指委婉的拒绝;turn out + 动词不定式 最终证明是，结果是。57. Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A risen B arisen C raised D arrived因本句未加宾语，估不应选不及物动词，可排除C项; arrive vi. 到达，抵达;rise vi. 升起，升高（侧重指旗帜或太阳升起）;数量的增高（侧重指水位、价位）;the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太阳东升西落。arise vi. 升起，升高，出现，发生（经常与抽象名词联用）。69. A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.A arise B rise C raise D arouse33. Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.A raised B aroused C arose D rose58. He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A genuine B minimum C modest D generousname after 以的名字来命名。genuine adj. 真正的，货真价实的; genuine leather 真皮;minimum adj. 最低的，最小的; modest adj. 谦虚谨慎的，适度的;generous adj. 慷慨的，慷慨大方的（修饰贡献等用这个）。59. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others， _D_， of course， made the others jealous.A who B that C what D whichwhich在这里是引导非限定性定语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句有2个特点：1. which前面有逗号与其他句子分开。 2. which指的是前面整句话的内容。as也可以引导非限定性定语从句，指的都是一句话的内容。which指一句话的内容只能置于该句之后，而as既可以在后也可以在前。67. _C_ is known to the world， Mark Twain is great American writer.A That B Which C As D It60. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.A gaps B intervals C length D distanceinterval n. 间隔（即可指空间间隔，也可指时间间隔），四级考试中专考时间间隔的概念。interval是固定与介词at搭配的。23. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.A gaps B rate C length D intervalsat regular rate 以规则的速度; at regular interval 以规则的时间间隔;61. Mr. Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given64. Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A destroy B resist C assume D cancel65. She is _C_ a musician than her brother.A much of B much as C more of D more asbe of 具有某种性质、品质或特点;66. Having been found guilty， the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.A service B sentence C crime D crisissentence n. 判决，判刑; crisis n. 危机; economic crisis 经济危机;68. The residents， _C_ had been damaged by the flood， were given help by the Red Cross.A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes当给出了句子的主语，且后面有两部分谓语动词，这两部分谓语动词之间又没有连接词，时态也不同时，离主语近的谓语动词应为从句的组合成分。69. You cant afford to let the situation get worse. You must take _D_ to put it right.A decisions B directions C sides D stepstake steps 采取措施，采取行动; take measures 采取措施70. Look at the terrible situation I am in！ If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followedif only 如果，要是。.就好了，其后面的句子一定要用虚拟语气。1. 如果if only后面的句子表示与现在或将来的事实相反，这时谓语动词用一般过去时体现虚拟语气。2. 如果if only后面的句子表示与过去的事实相反，这时谓语动词用过去完成时体现虚拟语气。47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possibleA approve B will approve C can approve D would approve如果if only后面的句子表示与现在或将来的事实相反，这时谓语动词用一般过去时，也可以用would + 动词原形。2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十七)42. Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be finedescape + 动名词。44. It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be startedrecommend vt. 推荐，建议，后面加句子要用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式：（should） + 动词原形45. I wish I _D_ longer this morning， but I had to get up and come to class.A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have sleptwish 后面的句子要用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用：情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。might经常被翻译成或许。46. We didnt know his telephone number， otherwise we _D_ him.A had telephoned B must have telephonedC would telephone D would have telephonedotherwise， or等表示“否则”的词，后面句子都要用虚拟语气。48. While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news 最新的消息， it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced49. An Olympic Marathon 马拉松 is 26 miles and 385 yards， approximately 大约 _B_ from Marathon to Athens 雅典。A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is50. You will want two trees about ten feet apart， from _D_ to suspend your tent.A there B them C where D which介词 + which + 动词不定式（to do sth.） 整体做定语。本句可改写为：You will want two tress about ten feet apart， to suspend your tent from.只要见到有介词出现在空格之前，而选项中有which， them， there， where等词则应选which。51. As I was just getting familiar with this job， I had _C_ to ask my boss.A many B most C much D more当many没有修饰任何其他词而单独出现时表示很多人。 much在这里相当于many things。52. _A_ quite recently， most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A Until B Before C From D Sinceuntil recently 直到最近; not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。53. The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.A within B towards C under D uponunder threat 受到威胁。55. In some countries， _D_ is called “equality” 平等 does not really mean equal rights for all people.A which B one C that D whatthat可以引导主语从句，但只做引导词而不充当任何成分。 2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十八)主谓一致：指的就是给出主语，要求判断谓语动词是用单数还是复数的问题。一、就近原则：指句子的主语由两部分单词或短语构成时，由离谓语动词近的那部分主语来决定谓语动词的单复数。只有当以下单词或短语连接主句的两部分时就近原则才适用：1. or 或者; 2. either or 不是就是 ，或 ; 3. neither nor 既不也不 ;4. not only but also 不但而且 ; 5. not but 不是而是例如：主语1 or 主语2 谓语动词。 此时由主语2决定谓语动词。10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss？A Are B Where C Is D Does如果题目改变为：Either he or his accountants _ going 则应选A2012年6月英语四级考试词汇笔记完整版(十九) 二、句子谓语动词一定用复数的两种情况：1. 集合名词做主语，集合名词没有复数形式，因为他本身就代表一个复数概念。常见的几个复合名词： people 人民，人们; police 警察; cattle 牛; poultry 家禽。2. 表示数量的复数名词 + 不可数名词，整体做主语时例如：去年出口了八百万顿煤。 Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.三、谓语动词一定用单数的六种情况：1. 句子的主语是由从句充当的、动词不定式短语作主语、动名词短语作主语;2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值四方面的词做主语;399. - “How many days？”0 - “Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work？”A are B were C was D is3. 表示单数概念的主语，短语，谓语动词，此时谓语动词也用单数;因为此结构中短语只是对主语提供附加说明情况，所以谓语动词也用单数。当以下这些标志性的介词或介词短语出现在此结构中时可以不管中间的附加说明情况：with， together with， like， except， besides， in addition to， rather than， as well as注意：表示复数概念的主语，短语，谓语动词，此时谓语动词应用复数。4. each， every， either， some， any， no，由以上六个词中任何一个所构成的复合代词作主语时;some经常构成的三个复合代词：something， somebody， someone;no经常构成的三个复合代词：nothing， nobody， no one; either of + 短语;5. 通常由and连接两部分这种形式做主语谓语动词要用复数，但在以下两种情况下则应用单数;1 and连接的两部分指的是同一事物;2 and连接的两部分被no， each， every中任何一个词修饰时;例如：每位男士和女士都要着装得体。 be supposed to do sth. 理应，应该做某事。Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show themmany a（an） 很多，相当于many; many a（an） + 可数名词单数，做主语时谓语动词用单数。6. many a （an） + 可数名词单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。9. Not only Joan but