（讲练测）高考英语一轮复习 模块6.1 Laughter is good for you（讲）（含解析）牛津译林版.doc

unit 1 laughter is good for you一、重点词汇熟记下列单词hammer n.锤子，榔头 v.敲，捶打trip v.绊，(使)绊倒howl v.大叫，嚎叫n. 嚎叫，喊叫声tease v.取笑，揶揄，戏弄attain v.获得(通常经过努力)polish v.提高，修改，润色mourn v.哀悼，忧伤participate v.参加，参与tear(tore，torn) v.撕，扯guarantee v.& n.保证，担保bow v.鞠躬，低头，(使)弯曲 n. 鞠躬，船头burst(burst，burst) v.猛冲，突然出现，爆裂glare v.怒目而视，发出炫目的光yell v.&n.叫喊，大喊，吼叫dash v.急奔，急驰，猛冲 n. 急奔，猛冲，匆忙，仓促stand-up n.单口喜剧 adj.单人表演的stage n.舞台，阶段，时期previous adj.先前的，以往的 style n.风格，方式，样式visual adj.视觉的lip n.嘴唇saying n.格言，谚语，警句cigar n.雪茄烟bathtub n.浴缸，浴盆fitness n.健壮，健康，适合deep-breathing adj.深呼吸的bench n.长凳，长椅setting n.情节背景，场景，环境textbook n.教科书，课本cosy adj.暖和舒适的，惬意的alongside prep. & adv.在旁边，与一起castle n.城堡，堡垒armchair n.扶手椅pile n.摞，垛，堆official-looking adj.貌似官方的empty-handed adj.空手，一无所获词性(词形)变化variety n(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式various adj.不同的，各种各样的varyv.变化，不同performance n表演；演出；表现，业绩perform vt. & vi.表演，做，履行；工作，运转performer n表演者instruct v.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知instruction n指令；指示；用法说明instructive adj.教育性的，有启发的，有益的anger n怒，怒火angry adj.生气的angrily adv.生气地，发火地amuse v.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐amusement n可笑，娱乐behave v. & vi.表现behaviour n行为；规矩；品行academy n研究院，学会；专科院校academic adj.学术的technical adj.技术的，技能的technique n技巧，手法technology n. 技术，技能initial adj.最初的，初始的initially adv.最初地 foolishness n.愚蠢foolish adj.愚蠢的foreigner n.外国人foreign adj.外国的 invitation n邀请invitevt.邀请crowded adj.拥挤的crowd n人群 comedy n.喜剧comedian n.喜剧演员，滑稽演员weekly n.周刊，周报 adj.每周的week n.周 strengthen v.增强，巩固strong adj.强壮的 affection n.喜爱，钟爱affect v.影响；打动；感染；喜欢little-known adj.鲜为人知的(反义词)well-known adj.positive adj.积极的，正面的，肯定的(反义词)negative adj.负面的，消极的，否定的，坏的，有害的短语英语汉语意义英语汉语意义stand up for 支持，维护burst in 闯进；突然闯入trip over绊倒glare at对怒目而视make fun of 拿开玩笑hold out 递/拿/伸手；维持have affection for喜爱，钟爱point to 指向come up with 想出；拿出lose weight减肥silent film无声电影fall down跌倒，摔下drive away 赶走；驱赶react to对作出反应take on接纳；承当；呈现；雇佣broadcast sth. live on tv电视实况转播pass away 去世，亡故make up编造；补上；和解make room for为腾出地方be good for对有好处a variety of(varieties of)各种各样的queue up排队fall down倒下来rely on依靠have an effect on对有影响in charge负责；主管be supposed to do 理应做；应该做；按理做follow in the footsteps of(follow in sbs footsteps)走的道路；步的后尘；效仿某人；继承事业含重点词汇的教材原句(划线部分)1.【教材原句】everyone agrees that laughter is good for you.(p1)每个人都认为笑对身体有好处。2.【教材原句】while this kind of humour may sound cruel，it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being made fun of.(p2)这种幽默可能听起来有点刻薄，但是通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象的时候，这种幽默才奏效。3.【教材原句】each time, heperforms his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on tv.(p2)每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼现场直播的时候，他都会在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。4.【教材原句】each time, heperforms his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast liveon tv.(p2)每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼现场直播的时候，他都会在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。5.【教材原句】crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.(p3)克里斯托深受各年龄段人群的喜爱，而且他有能力让世人感到开心。6.【教材原句】as you laugh, the muscles participating in the laugh become active.(p9)当你笑的时候，参与笑的肌肉就变得活跃。7.【教材原句】practising is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.(p9)练习是保证演出成功的唯一的方法。8.【教材原句】he has instructed students from over 70 different countries.(p11)他已教授过来自70多个国家的学生。9.【教材原句】no, you fool! (tearsthepaperintwo) i must have my important papers right now！(p15)不对，你这个傻瓜！(把报纸撕成两半)我必须拿到我的重要的纸，现在就要！10.【教材原句】another comedian points toa video tennis game and says (p2)某个喜剧演员指着电脑游戏说11.【教材原句】the last kind of comedian does impressions he or she will act or speak like a wellknown person in order to make fun of that person. (p2)最后一种喜剧演员是做印象模仿，他或者她的动作或说话方式都像某个名人，目的是取笑他。12.【教材原句】one reason crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking, and is often able to come up with new jokes about the people and things around him.(p3)克里斯托之所以如此出名，原因之一就是他思维非常敏捷，常常能就身边的人或事即兴编排笑话。13.【教材原句】in an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students.(p13)14.【教材原句】he glares at queen.(p15)他瞪着王后。15.【教材原句】sir？(holds out a roll of toilet paper)(p15)陛下？(拿出一卷卫生纸)二、经典句型 考点-2.because引导表语从句【教材原句】they say this is because when you laugh, your brain sends chemicals around your body that are good for you.(p3)他们说这是因为当你笑时，你的大脑就会向全身传递一种对身体有益的化学物质。 考点-4. it seems adj. that.句型及其衍生的句型【教材原句】he said，“it seems appropriate that he got his start in silent films！”(p3)他说：“看来，他不愧是无声电影起家的呀！” 三、语法自主复习复习本单元的grammar and usage：非谓语动词复习i非谓语动词复习i一、基础知识复习1.谓语动词与非谓语动词在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难之一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是he will come visit you，而是he will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意分析句子的结构。分 类不同点例 句谓语动词只能作谓语_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.a. giving b. give c. given d. to give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，有可能会误选a或c项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案b。非谓语动词作除谓语之外的任何成分（见下表）the traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.a. being weighed b. weighs c. weighed d. weighing【解析】容易误选b或c项，将其当成谓语看待。“under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds”用作“children”的定语。动词“weigh”与名词“children”是主动关系，所以选择答案d项。2.非谓语动词的语法功能非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，v-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）v-ing形式现在分词动名词不定式（to do）过去分词（done）注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词 3.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not二、重点知识提炼（一）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点 2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定i dont want _ like im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. a. to sound b. to be soundedc. sounding d. to have sounded 类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。it is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. a. accept b. accepting c. to accept d. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案b。类似的知识点要记牢。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同in some parts of london, missing a bus means _for another hour.a. waiting b. to wait c. wait d. to be waiting 类似的知识点要记牢。动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth. 记住要做remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider doing考虑做某事 下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）4.有些动词后要用“疑问词不定式”结构作复合宾语it is said that in australia there is more land than the government knows _. a. it what to do with b. what to do it with c. what to do with it d. to do what with it （二）非谓语作表语的重点不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。our plan is to keep the affair secret.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。the music they are playing sounds exciting.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。this beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. 注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能what he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建议的是降价促销。（不定式作表语，说明主语“是什么”）my american teacher is to leave china soon.我的美国老师即将离开中国。（不定式作表语，表示将来）her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顾小孩。（现在分词作表语，说明主语“是什么”）she is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。（构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作）the cup is broken.杯子碎了。（过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态）the cup was broken by peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。（构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者）（三）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系在谓语动词后发生不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态when i came in, i saw her dancing happily. （主动进行）i saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程）we heard her singing next door.（主动进行）we heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成）we heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行）2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on what did the librarian _ out of the library? a. permit to take b. forbid to be taken c. allow to take d. insist being takeni dont allow _ in my office and i dont allow my family _ at all. a. to smokesmoking b. smokingto smoke c. to smoketo smoke d. smokingsmoking答案：bb3. 在think, consider, find等动词后常用to be +adj. 结构作宾语补足语，有时to be省略。we all discover him (to be) kind and honest.4.几个特别的结构have+宾语+do/doing/done “ have + 宾语+ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。the boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.“have +宾语+ doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。李林，别让狗狂吠不停。dont have the dog barking much, lilin. “ have + 宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。我们刚才请人把机器修好了。we had the machine mended just n