英语名词复习.doc

中考英语第二轮复习资料（1）名词考点集汇，讲解和训练 一、名词【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。一：名词的意义和种类1.名词的意义：表示人，食物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。如：Shanghai, LiLei, desk2.名词的种类：分专有名词和普通名词 I.专有名词：表示人名，月份，日期，地名等。如：China, Jim, Harbin, June。 (1) 专有名词在拼写时第一字母要大写。 （2）专有名词（除特殊外）其前不加冠词，也没有复数形式。 II.普通名词：表示某人某事物的名称。普通名词分为：（1）个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如：boy, teacher, computer.(2)集体名词：表示一群或一些事物的总称。如：family, people, police, class. (3)物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如：water, cotton, money. (4)抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。 如：health, help, friendship.注意：通常情况下，个体名词和集体名词是可数的，称为可数名词，有单，复数之分。物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数的，称为不可数名词，通常只有单数。二：名词的数要表示两个或两个以上数的概念时，要用名词的复数形式。1.名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies名词复数的不规则变化1） childchildrenfootfeet toothteethmousemice manmen womanwomen注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans.2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar， two dollars； a meter， two meters.3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle， the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers，clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）；suit（套）； a pair of glasses； two pairs of trousers等。6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。名词的格英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book.名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有.例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas， please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man， woman， gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划不同国籍人的单复数:国人复数变化可概括为：中日不变，英法变，其他s加后面国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen下面是有关英语名词的练习名词1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachersC. teachers D. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms windowC. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. breadC. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. braveryC. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. womenC. womans D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboosC. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _.A. Building second B. Building TwoC. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jacks room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutes B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-word B. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isnt fit for the work. Please get me _.A. something else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. Chinas population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weight B. The boxs weightC. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoes B. shoeC. shoes D. shoes20. What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very important B. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. Im going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the BlacksC. Mr Blacks D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk.A. machine B. machinesC. a machine D. the machine26. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toysC. books D. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. anger B. angryC. angrily D. angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound note B. five pounds noteC. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparationC. a preparation D. preparations31. While washing up, she broke a _.A. glass wine B. wine glassC. glass of wine D. wine of glass32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fall B. realityC. practice D. deed33. Heres my card, Lets keep in _.A. touch B. relationC. connection D. friendship34. Ill look into the matter as soon a