商务英语(BEC)考试段落写作练习及讲解.docx

段落的特点一般来说，段落主要由三部分组成，即主题句、扩展句和结尾句。主题句是篇章的核心，它表明作者的态度、观点、意图等，同时反映了段落的中心思想。主题句应具备：一是明确的观点，二是有一定的概括性，能用其 它句子来解释、描述、分析等。扩展句主要围绕着主题句进行叙述，说明或论述等。扩展句必须明确、具体。总结句指用一句话将某一主旨进行归纳总结或概括，有 时还起承上启下的作用。总结句需要与主题呼应，引发读者对段落主题的进一步认识。总之，篇章的主题必须统一，内容完整、结构连贯，长度适度。段落的发展段落的扩展对构成一篇文章，展示文章的主题，有着举足轻重的作用。常用的方式有：1.排列顺序：既按照内容的主次、时间的先后或位置的先后来进行论证，陈述或解释。常用的词语有：first/firstly， second/secondly，furthermore，finally，above all， first and mostimportant， to begin/start with， in the second place， moreover， to conclude， next，then， afterward lastly， in the end， eventually.2.比较和对比：一般来说，比较包括相同点和相异点。对比则仅指相异点。常见的词及词组有：in comparison(with)，likewise，similarly，in the same way，equally，but， in contrast With/to，instead，conversely，on the contrary， in/by contrast，while，Correspondingly.3.因果和推理：这种段落发展方式通常用于解释某件事发生的原因和结果。经常用到的因果关系的动词和动词词组有：cause，produce， lead to， bring about， result from， be due to，have an effect on， result in.因果关系的连接词有：due to，the fact that， for the simple reason，because (of)，so that， consequently，hence，as a result，accordingly，therefore，so long as，so，thus，owing to，now that， for/as，since.4.举例：用实例来说明作者的观点是举例段落的发展方式。采用举例的方式，使文章内容更加充实，更富有内涵。常用于举例的词和词组有：such as，for example，for instance，as an illustration，to illustrate，a case in point，as follows，just as，just as，including，like.短文短文的基本格式为：开始段，主体段和结论段。开始段是短文的中心，即主题。文章的开头段必须把握两个原则：表明文章的主题使文章的发展有所遵 循;引发读者的兴趣、使他确信值得读下去。主体段，即文章的发展，是文章的中心的发展，它以文章的开头为线索，准确，具体而充实地论证、说明或分析文章的 主题。主体段须遵循1)文章的发展必须通畅、自然。2)文章的发展必须联贯统一。3)文章的发展必须长短适度。结论段：同文章的开头和发展一样，文章的结 尾也是写作成败的关键。它起着总结，概括全篇的作用，使主题更加鲜明，结构更加完美。Section I 补充主题句1)_， generally， the standard of education is higher. This is because colleges and universities have up-to-date equipment and other resources. Also， teachers and lectures are highly-skilled professionals who are aware of all the latest developments in their fields of interest. A final point is that the overseas qualifications which a student obtains are valid usually anywhere in the world.2)_. These include defense capabilities and social security. Private enterprise and the profit motive should not form part of these essential services. On the other hand， some services could be provided by either governments or private groups or both. Education and health care are examples of such services. A government must provide at least a basic level of education and health care so all citizens call have access to them.3)_. Every day there are opportunities to practice listening to and speaking with Australians. Also， students can experience the culture first-hand， which is a great help when trying to understand the language. This is especially true if they choose to live with Australians， as part of a home-stay family， for example. Furthermore， if students attend a language school full-time， the teachers will be native speakers.4)_. Jose did not complete his mathematics yesterday. He spent the first fifteen minutes of the hour working on the first of the ten examination problems. He spent other minutes doodling on his test paper.5)_. One example is the word “graft.” The verb to graft first meant merely to work. English people once used the word in such expressions as “ Where are you grafting?”， meaning “ Where are you working?”。 From this perfectly respectable meaning， the word has gradually changed. Today graft refers to illegal gains won by dishonest politicians.Section II 重组下面的段落6. Certainly TV can be a powerful educational tool. People can learn about situations and problems far away， and begin to understand different cultures. Many informative documentaries about nature， news， and social issues are made now， and these can stimulate people to action. People in isolated areas can know for themselves what is happening in the world. This gives them the power to make their own decisions and form their own opinions.7. In my opinion， television is the most important technological development. Nowadays almost everyone in the world has access to TV. Television has caused significant changes in family life and education. Some of these changes have been positive while others have been negative.8. However， the changes have not all been positive. Before television was widely available， families spent more time together talking and playing games. They seemed much closer to each other than modem families.9. To sum up， I feel that， overall， there are strong positive effects of TV in terms of its education role， but it has in may ways altered people and families in a negative sense.10. Also， the fact is that people waste a lot of time watching poor quality programs which do not have a positive influence. People get a bad impression of the real world from such programs. Furthermore， TV is sometimes used to deliberately misinform people; for example when it is used to as a propaganda tool by governments.Section IV 用启、承、转，合词填空Text 1Teachers of foreign languages should be extremely well-qualified in order to carry out their duties properly. 15)_， a teacher should possess a minimum of a graduate degree from a certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school or below. Besides the academic degree， teachers should not consider teaching only as an occupation for earning money; they should also be interested in teaching. It was 16)_ necessary that teachers be knowledgeable in their major fields， 17)_ they should further more be skillful as well. 18)_ the language teacher must know the target language well enough to be imitated by his students. A teacher should 19)_ know the linguistic facts of the language of the students in order to understand problems they will have in learning the target language， 20)_ the teacher must be familiar with audio-lingual techniques. Knowing all this will help the students to learn correctly and quickly.Text 221)_ studying too much may be harmful to students. 22)_， many teachers expect their students to do more work than they can handle. 23)_， parents do not realize that pressuring their children to study hard than called for can injure their childrens health. 24)_ most parents know what growing boys and girls need relaxation as well as exercise， 25)_ many students have no choice but to burn the candle at the both ends in order to get good grades and please their parents， but a physically weaker or socially deprived child may not be able to keep up with such a hurried pace. Accordingly， this pressure to study in excess of what is required.1) University Students Like Reading Newspapers in EnglishDear Editor：I am a student at Renmin University of China in Beijing. As a regular who goes to the university librarys newspaper room， I have discovered that many students like reading newspaper in English， especially China Daily.The reason that China Daily is popular among students is not difficult to explain. A major characteristic of China Daily is the conciseness of its articles. Most of the articles are brief， clearly written and informative. Many students are busy with their studies and dont have much spare time. However， by reading China Daily， readers can get up-to-date news about China and the world and enhance their reading capabilities at the same time and， more importantly， it doesnt cost them a lot of time. In this sense， China Daily is providing a sort of “fast-food” to its readers. Furthermore， China Daily also helps its readers improve their writing skills. For those students who find English compositions difficult， articles on China Daily serve as perfect examples.Many fellow students told me that they had learned a lot from China Daily about China and the world. As a result they also improved their reading and writing and got high marks in English exams.Yours Sincerely，Lin Weiying2) Chinas Most Famous Symbol in Need Of HelpYears ago， walking the Great Wall in the Beijing region was like no other experience in China. It was peaceful; there were no coke cans or mineral water bottles to spoil the viewit was quite simply the world s most spectacular open air museum.How things have changed! There are now cans and bottles， and sometimes much worse. While I used to spend most of recreational time climbing the Great Wall， I have found myself spending an increasing amount of time cleaning up the wall. In the last 18 months I have organized four Great Wall clean-up activities， mobilizing around 350 people to collect garbage. I ask myself， why is the Great Wall becoming such a dump?Litter was not a problem at in the 1980s， because packagers of foods and drinks used traditional materials that were biodegradable or returnable. Now， as the market economy has expanded， consumption has boomed. In everyday life， plastic bottles， metal cans， foils and cellophane are widely used as disposable packaging materials. Increased mobility as the result of mushrooming private car ownership has also fueled the widespread use and abuse of disposable packaging.Viewing this serpent of stone snaking across the mountains north 0f Beijing， I know that the Great Wall is the No 1 wonder of the world， a precious and unique cultural relic， a fragile wilderness. The Great Wall is in danger of becoming just a symbol， despoiled in reality. I hope that more people can start to show their love for the Great Wall in action3) Wealth and HappinessWealth has always been what some people long for. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. Their efforts contribute to the welfare of the society and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth， and hence to their happiness.There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness， especially in the modern society. Various kinds of up-to-date household appliances， latest fashions and recreations make their appearance with each passing day. All this makes our life more comfortable and colorful. Therefore， without money we cannot turn admiration into reality.But there are exceptions when wealth does not go hand in hand with happiness. Wealth may tempt weak-willed persons to be addicted to harmful habits， such as drug-taking and gambling， and result in their own ruin. Also， a person may lost his reason and go astray if he is entirely devoted to seeking wealth.In my opinion， on no account can we identify wealth with happiness. I also believe that one should never rely only on wealth to achieve happiness.4) The Fight Against CrimeToday the crime rate in some of our cities seems to be rising. Many citizens complain about the thefts and robberies which take place in their street blocks. Therefore， more and more people are appealing to the authorities to take strong measures to reduce the crime rate.Faced with criminals， different people have different attitudes towards them. Some become so frightened that they tend to give up fighting or to turn a blind eve to the criminals. Others， however， are brave enough to fight the criminals even at the risk of their own lives. In their eyes， responsibility is the most important of all the values that hold honest people together Without it there can be no self-respect， no trust， no law-and， ultimately， no society. There is no doubt that they set a good example for all of us to follow.As far as I am concerned， my suggestions are as follow. In the first place， every one of us should receive a law education. Secondly， criminals must be punished severely. Finally， it is urgent to set up a foundation to reward those who fight criminals. In this way we can stand up to any crime and smash it.5) Challenges of Environmental IssuesEnvironmental protection has aroused great concern among people. In many cities， especially in big populous cities， environmental pollution has become really serious. For example， an urban population of 12 million and 1.4 minion vehicles in Beijing puts great pressure on resources and the environment， The underground water level in Beijing has continued to decrease in recent years due to excessive use. Coal burning， exhaust emissions from vehicles and factories also intensify the citys environmental problems. We have to pay the historical debts we owe to the environment because of early rapid economic development.However， pollution control does not have to hinder economic development. In a sense， it is a stimulation to the economy because pollution controls motivate enterprises to aim for higher industrial standards and start a material and resource efficient production. The exhaust control on vehicles can be cited as an example. Some municipal governments require that the pollutant level in vehicle emissions be controlled to reduce air pollution. Unleaded gasoline has also been promoted during the past year. As a result， automobile and chemical factories have to enhance their production technology to meet the demand.Now some municipal governments have also taken such measures to stop the pollution as replacing coal with natural gas， reducing dust and deforestation to improve the lives of residents. In Beijing， 30 per cent of fuel used in urban centers will come from natural gas. Low sulfur coal is replacing high sulfur coal for factories. Many small boilers and kitchen ranges in restaurants and dining halls have been replaced by gas ovens.As we can see that the measures have been effectively combating pollution. The air sulfur dioxide density has been on the decline since this year， and the density of total suspended particles and carbon monoxide bas been kept on the same level as last year. Though the density of nitrogen oxides continues to increase because of the rising of the number of automobiles， the degree of growth has been reduced.Despite the progress some big cities have achieved in improving the local environment， we believe that big city planners should adopt a comprehensive environmental policy， which is more important than the detailed measures and achievement.6) Opportunities dont come often. They come every once in a while. Very often， They come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore， it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care.When an opportunity comes， it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions， you must work hard， make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise， you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person， on the other hand， works little and just waits to see them pass by.In my opinion， there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society， but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve their purpose.7) EDUEATION IN CHINAIn the wave of the economic reform， many scholars and educators have realized that Chinas education system， especially the higher education， has to gear itself to the market economy.First of all， the present college education system cannot meet the needs following the development of the market economy. For example， the enrollment and job assignment which are carried out in the conventionally planned manners， should be reformed.The competition in the next century will be based on national strength and on science and technology. Therefore， training high-calibre Professional is important. Someone suggested to build 20 to 30 quality universities in a bid to train high-level professionals. But this is far from enough. If the state wants to succeed， it has to develop applied science， high-tech， inter-disciplinary sciences and engineering technology. The universities should try to readjust their syllabus in order to meet the needs of economic and social development. The reform is a long-term job. The second problem is concerning the expenditure of universities and colleges. The expenditure comes mainly from the State and the marketing of research findings： But it is not enough to rely on allocations from the state and the income of the school. Now many schools have asked the students to pay a certain amount of fees. This is workable because Chinas college education is not compulsory and with the improvement of peoples living standards， parents are willing to pay for education， colleges can set up scholarships and students loans for outstanding students from low- income families.From a strategic point of view， the country should increase expenditure on education. If China want to strengthen her overall national strength， the best way is to start from education.8) ECONOMIC REFORMS IN CHINAChina has taken her economic reforms for nearly two decades. People have greatly benefited from the free market economy. Year in and year out， our salaries are higher and higher， and at the same time， our deposit secured steadily. With money in pocket， people can turn their eyes to other forms of consumption instead of living necessities： They have more opportunities to enjoy their lives. Meanwhile the number of people in poverty also decreased greatly. China， now full of confidence， is catching up with other developed nations.However， there do exist some problems in the reformation of economy in China. First of all， with the aggravation of leans in some state-owned or state-operated corporations， more and more people lose their jobs. That will make not only those laid-off workers but the whole society lose confidence and will hinder the development in economy. Secondly， deficit in bank has become a major problem in the reformation in China. Thirdly， the polarization of the society gets more and more serious. The