法律英语900句all.doc

Part 31 Instrument1.A bona fide holder for value takes free from any defect inthe title of his predecessors.2. A check cannot be accepted.3.An endorsement by the deawee is null and void.4.An instrument is a document of title to money.5.Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying a payment obligation.6.The bill of exchange was in its inception confine largely to the financing of foreign trade.7.The check is payable to bearer.8.The promissory note is a document in which A promises to pay a sum of money to B.9.They would almost certainly be held by the court to be negotiable instruments,albeit outside the scope of the Bills of Exchange Act.10.This autonomy of the payment obligation is essential to the marketability of instrument.Part 32 Bankruptcy1.A debtor may file for bankruptcy,which is called voluntary bankruptcy.2.Bankruptcy protects the debtor from debt collection by creditors.3.He was adjudicated or declared bankrupt.4.Im broke.5.Insolvency matters are covered under the Bankruptcy Code.6.The company was close to bankruptcy.7.The company was declared insolvent.8.The court appointed a receiver to administer and liquidate the assets of an insolvent corporation.9.The creditors decided ot initiate a bankruptcy proceeding.10.The debt was discharged in bankruptcy.Part 33 Tort1.In tort law the duty is imposed by the law.2.Some jurisdictions have established this tort to provide a rimedy for malicious deeds.3.Such tort-feasors are jointly and severally liable.4.The law of tort provides rules of conduct that regulate how members fo society interact and remedies if the rules are breached and damage is suffered.5.The law of tort aims to compensate those who have suffered as a result of a tort.6.Tort law is a branch of civil law that is connected with civil wrongs, but not contract actions.7.Trot liability for negligence presupposes causality between the negligent act and the injury to person or property.8.Trots are in themselves sufficient grounds for bringing an action without the need to provethat damage has been suffered.9.Torts can be divided into three categories depending on whether liability is based on intent,on negligence,or is absolute or strict without either intent or negligence.10.Two of the largest categories of civil law are contract law and tort law.Part 34 Appeal1.Generally a party has the right to appeal any judgment to at least one higher court.2.He applied for judicial reiview by way of certiorari.3.He has appealed to the Supreme Court.4.He lost his appeal to the House of Lords.5.The appeal court dismissed the appeal by wasy of case stated.6.The appeal court overrode the decision of the lower court.7.The appeal court quashed the verdict.8.The appeal court reduced the fine imposed by the magistrates and released the sentence to seven years imprisonment.9.The Appeal Court rejiected the appeal on a tenchnicality.10.The appeal from the court order will be heard next month.11.The appeal judge held that the defendant was not in breach of his statutory duty.12.The appeal was adjourned for affidavits to be obtained.13.The appeal was rejected by the House of Lords.14.The applicant sought judicial review to quash the bin-dover order.15.The Bill proposes that any party to the proceedings may appeal.16.The Court of Appeal has confirmed the judges decision.17.The Court of Appeal ordered a retrial.18.The applicant sought judicial review to quash the order.19.The litigants may appeal against a judgment or a ruling derived from the retrial.20.We will appeal the decision to a higher court.Part 35 Trial1.A case is only authority for what it actually decides.2.A judgment msut be impartial.3.All legal systems have a rule that a judicial determination of a case is final.4.Before trial the defendant may move to dismiss the case on the ground that the facts alleged do not constitute a crime.5.Do not wait for the last judgment,it takes place everyday.6.He was acquitted of the crime.7.He was committed for trial in the Central Criminal Court.8.He was sentenced to five years,but should serve only three with remission.9.He was sentenced to two periods of years in prison,the sentences to run concurrently.10.He was tried for murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.11.Judgment was entered for the plaintiff.12.Now the court is in session.13.Order in the court.14.She was awarded substantial damages.15.The adjudicator has to decide impartially between the two parties.16.The case is listed to heard next week.17.The clerk to the justices read out the indictment.18.The case has been stood over to next week.19.The court adjourned for a ten-minute break.20.The hearing proceeded after the protesters were removed from the courtroom.21.The hearings were held in camera.22.The hearing was held up while counsel argued over procedural problems.23.The offence carries a maximum sentence of two years imprisonment.24.The power to hear cases is called jurisdiction.25.The trial lasted six days.26.The trial took place in the absence of the defendant.27.The clerk of the court read out the charges.28.The objective of the pre-trial hearing is to shorten the actual trial time without infringingupon the rights of either party.29.They all stood up when the judges entered the courtroom.30.To give him a fair and impartial hearing is of great importance.Part 31票据有价证券善持有人有受前手所有权缺陷的影响。支票不得承兑。付款人背书无效。票据是代表金钱支付权利的文据。每张票据都构成一份独立的体现支付义务的合同。汇票最初主要限于在外贸金融活动中使用。向持票人付款的支票。本票是规定甲方向乙方支付一笔款额的一种文据。尽管不在汇票法规定之内，但法院几乎肯定将它们裁定为是流通票据。支付义务的自动履行对票据的可流通性非常重要。Part 32破产债务人可以申请破产，这叫做“自愿破产”。破产程序保护债务人免受债权人的讨债。他被宣判或宣布破产。我破产了。资不抵债事项由破产法典调整。公司接近破产。公司被宣布无清偿能力。法院指定了一个接管人以管理和清算破产公司的资产。债权人决定提起破产之诉。在破产中债务被解除。Part 33侵权在侵权法中，责任是由法律规定的。有些司法管辖区规定了此种侵权行为，目的是对恶意行为受害人提供救济。此种侵权行为为要承担共同和连带责任。侵权行为法提供行为规则，规范社会成员的相互交往以及在该规则被违反和损害发生是，如何进行救济。侵权行为法的目的在于补偿被侵害人。侵权法属于民法的一部分，其与民事过错相关，与合同行为无关。过失侵权责任以过失行为与对人身或财产的侵权之间的因果关系为前提。侵权本身足民构成起诉某人的证据，无须证明遭受了损失。侵权可根据侵权责任的不同分为三类，故意侵权责任，过失侵权责任，绝对侵权责任或无过错严格侵权责任。民法中最大两个类别是合同法和侵权法。Part 34上诉通常当事人对任何判决至少一次上诉权。他申请用签发调卷令的方法获得司法审查。他向最高法院上诉。他在向上院提起的上诉中败诉。上诉法院以书面审理下级法院的判案陈述方法驳回上诉。上诉法院撤销了下级法院的裁决。上诉法院撤消了裁决。上诉法院减少了治安官所处的罚金，并将刑期减少到七年。上诉法院驳回了就技术细节问题的上诉。不服法院判决的上诉将于下月审理。上诉法院法官裁定被告没有不履行他的法定职责。为获得宣誓证明书，上诉被推迟。上院拒绝受理上诉。申请人请求司法审理以便废除责令某人守法的命令。议案建议讼任何一方都可以上诉。上诉法院维持了一审法官的判决。上诉法院命令重审。申请人寻求司法复审以撤消命令。当事人可就重审案件的判决或裁定进行上诉。我方不服判决，要向一级法院上诉。Part 35审判 判例只能用作实际判决事项的法律依据。判决必须公正。所有法律制度的规则都是将司法判作为最终手段。审判前，被告方可以所控事实不构成犯罪为自由权，要求撤销案件。审判永无终止，每天都在发生。他被宣判无罪。他被带到中央刑事法院受审。他被判了五年徒刑，但减刑后仅服刑三年。他被判处两个两年的徒刑，该判决合执行。他因谋杀而受审并被判处终生监禁。判决原告胜诉。现在开庭。法庭内保持肃静。她被判给予巨额损害赔偿金。判决者必须在双方当事人中做公正的裁决。该案已被安排在下周审理。书记员宣读了刑事起诉书。案子的审理被推迟到下个星期进行。休庭10分钟。抗议者被逐出法庭后审理继续进行。审判秘密进行。当律师分争论程序问题时，审理被停止。该罪行可最多可判处两年监禁。审理案件的权力称为审判权。审判延续了六天。审判在被告缺席的情况下进行。书记员宣读了控告书。预审程序的目的在于缩短实际审理的时间而不侵犯双方当事人的权利。当法官进入法庭进他们全部起立。让他获得公下和无偏见的审理是很重要的。Part 36 Tax1.An income tax deduction si allowed for bad debt.2.Filing a false tax return is under the penalties of perjury to taxing authorities.3.He was convicted of tax evasion.4.It is the duty of citizens to pay taxes in accordance with the law.5.Some state statutes impose special taxes, usually in the form of stamp tax,on sales of stock.6.The federal income tax is governed by the Internal Revenue Code.7.The tax court has jurisdiction over questions of law and fact arising under the tax laws.8.The tax is assessed as a percentage of the assigned value of a corporations capital stock.9.The tax is levied without statutory authority.10.The tax ruling has retrospective effect.Part 37 Death penalty1.A sentencing judge is required to consider any mitigating circumstances befor imposing the death penalty.2.Capital punishment for murder is based on the ideathat if a person kills someone, he must pay with his own life.3.Death penalty is usually imposed because of some type of gross misconduct.4.He was executed by firing squad.5.He was guilty of a capital crime.6.He was sentenced to death but was reprieved by the president.7.The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.8.The prisoners were condemmed to death.9.The punishment for treason is death.10.They argued about whether the statute mandating the death penalty is unconstitutional.Part 38 Pleading1.A lawsuit begins with the filing of a complaint.2.A pleading is a legal document filed with the court that sets forth the position and contentions of a party.3.An answer usually sets forth the defendants defenses and counterclaims.4.Certain defenses may be made by motin rather than included in the answer.5.In some circumstances,a party must obtain the courts permission to amend its complaint.6.Pleadings must be submitted to the court when the action is set down for trail.7.The defendant was given a copy fo information before he was called upon to plead.8.The indictment was incorrectly worded.9.The statement of claim was stuck out because it disclosed no cause of action.10.This complaint or pleading is a statement of the charge against the defendant and the remedy sought,typically money damages.Part 39 Litigation1.A litigant generally must make a motion in writing.2.A party must be given fair motie fo the case made against him.3.Agree,for the law is costly.4.An action is not given to one who is not injured.5.As already suggested,lawsuits do not begin themselves.6.He brought a libel action.7.He had to resort to threats of court action to get repayment.8.I am afraid you will to be charged for damages.9.I am sorry we have to charge for damages.10.If the law has other provisions concerning limitation of action, those provisions shall apply.11.If there is a prosecution the onus will normally be on the prosecutor to prove the case.12.Inspection was ordered to take place seven days after discovery.13.It is a case of accidental death.14.No right of action can have its origin in fraud.15.Possession is nine points of the law.16.She decided to go to law against her husband to have the dispute settled.17.The case represents a new development in the law of libel.18.The judicial process deals not with abstract questions or hypothetical situations but with actual controversies between real parties.19.The prosecution in a criminal case has to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the accused committed th crime.20.Win your lawsuit and lose your money.Part 40 Costs1.Costs of the case will be borne by the defendant.2.Costs will be shared equally between the two paties.3.The amount of costs payable by one party to another may be fixed by rules or determined by way of assessment.4.The cost of litigation will be more affordable and predictable.5.The court ordered the costs to be taxed if not agreed.6.The defendants successfully obtained the dismissal of an appeal but were awarded no costs.7.The judge awarded costs to the defendant.8.The party receiving costs may obtain some of those costs at an early stage.9.The paying party is often required to pay the receiving party a sum which is less than the sum the winner has to pay his own legal representative.10.There are two bases upon which the court may assess the amount of costs recoverable. Part 36税收坏账在计算所得税时可作为一个抵减项。提交虚假税收申请表将以对税务当局作伪证论处。他因逃税被定罪。公民有依照法律纳税的义务。有些州的法规对股票销售征收特种税，通常是以印花税的形式征收。联邦所得税事项由国内税收法典调 整。税务法院对因税法而产生的法律和事实问题具有管辖权。此税是按公司股份总额的百分比予以征收。征收此税缺乏法律依据。该税务裁定具有溯及力。Part 37死刑在处死刑之前，要求量刑法官必须考虑是否有任何减轻罪行之情节。针对谋杀的死刑判决是基于这样一个理念：如果一个杀死了某人，他必须用自已的生命作为补偿。死刑经常只对某类别的严重犯罪惩处。他被行刑队处决。他犯了死刑。他被判处死刑但被总统下令缓期执行。死刑减成终身监禁。囚犯们被判死刑。对叛国罪的处罚是处死。他们就规定死刑的法规是否违宪进行争论。Part 38诉辩状诉讼从提交诉状开始。诉辩状是向法院提交的，陈述当事人立场和主张的法律文书。辩护状通常写也被告的答辩和反诉。某些辩护可以动议提出，而不是包括在答辩状中。在某些情况下，当事人必须经法院许可方能修改其诉讼。当案件确定正式审判后，诉辩状必须呈交法院。被告在被传唤进行辩护之前收到一份警方起诉书副本。刑事诉状的措辞不正确。因未说明诉因，该起诉被取消。诉状是对被告进行指控和寻求救济的陈述，这种救济一般是指金钱赔偿救济。Part 39诉讼诉讼当事人通常必须作出书面申请。当事人应当被合理告知其被指控的理由。私了吧，诉论太费钱。非受害者无权进行诉论。正如常所说，诉论不会自动开始。他提起诽谤之诉。他不得不用诉讼相威胁以求获得偿还。恐怕你要受到索赔指控。对不起，我们得提起索赔之诉。法律对诉讼时效另有规定，依照法律规定。如果起诉，通常由起诉人负责证明案件成立。证据开示程序完成后的第七天法院命令对文件进行检查。此是一个意外事故死亡案。欺诈不能产生诉权。有财势者在诉讼中总占上风。她决定去法院起诉丈夫以解决争端。案情代表了反诽谤法的新动向。司法程序解决的不是抽象问题或假想情形，是真实的当事人之间的事实之意间的事实在争端。在刑事案件中，控方必须毫无疑义地确认被告犯了罪。赢了官司输了钱。Part 40诉讼费讼案费用由被告承担。诉讼费由双方当事人平均分担。一方当事人向另一方事人支付诉讼费数额可按规定或经评估确定。诉讼费将更注重民众经济能力，更具有可能预见性。法院命令如果达不成协议诉讼费用由法院评定。被告们成功地让法院驳回了上诉，但却没得任何诉讼费。法官判由原告向被告支付诉讼费。应获得诉讼费的一方当事人可预先得到该诉讼费的一部分。支付方向受付方支付的款额经常要少于胜诉方必须支付的法律代现费数额。法院可基于两点来评估当事人应获得的诉讼费数额。Part 41 Ownership1.A person may own land notwithstanding that another has an easement, such as a right of way, over it.2.A person in possession is not bound to prove that the possessions belong him.3.He is the de jure owner of the property.4.His title to the property is defective.5.Marital property is the same as community property and is divided equally upon divorce.6.One independent object can only and only needs to establish one property right.7.One should enjoy his property in such a manner as not to injure that of another person.8.Ownership has been described asthe entirety of powers of use and disposal allowed by law.9.Ownership in indivision is ended by a partition of the property.10.The ownership of the company has passed to bank.Part 42 Agency1.Both express authority and implied authority can create agency.2.Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents.3.He was acting in a fiduciary capacity.4.Legal ownership rests with the trustee, and equitable ownership rests with the beneficiary.5.She was empowered by the company to sign the contract.6.The agent is empowered to sell the property.7.The agreement covers all agencies.8.The principal may be obligated as if it had expressly granted the authority to agent.9.They signed an agency agreement.10.The third party and the agent shall be held jointly liable.Part 43 Juvenile delinquency1.A child is considered legally incapable of committing a crime.2.All juvenile records are closed and confidential at the courts discretion.3.Being a minor,he would not be charged as an adult for a criminal act.4.Having taken the age of the accused into consideration, the court has decided to give him a suspended sentence.5.A Person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of eighteen who commits a crime shall be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.6.The appeal court quashed the care order made by the juvenile court.7.The emphasis in juvenile courts is upon rehabilitation of youthful offenders rather than punishment.8.The juvenile court may expunge or destroy the records of a juvenile at any time.9.The juvenile delinquent was sent to the reformatory.10.When the offense was committed,he was under the age of majority.Part 44 Consumers right1.Can I bring criminal charges against a seller for an anti-consumer action?2.Consumers are entitled to choose their own commodities or services.3.He sought to hold the manufacturer of the article liable for defects.4.If the seller of goods does not live up to the standards of conduct and performance set by the licensing agency,loss of license can result.5.The consumer will enjoy increasing protection by the law.6.The Federal Trade Commission has the broadest consumer protection duties.7.The fraud case has been covered by the consumer protection legislation.8.The law also provides that the consumer has the right to cancel any door-to-door contract.9.This law has been formulated to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.10.When a consumer suit is won, the seller is likely to be required to pay damages.Part 45 Trust1.A trust can be presumed by operation of law.2.A trust may be created orally,but usually is set up in a written form.3.He left his property in trust for his daguhter.4.He will be found liable if he assists a trustee to commit a dishonest breach of trust.5.The court appointed a bankruptcy trustee to administer the property a debtor.6.The trust instrument msut identify the trust property, the trustee,and the beneficiariess,and state the terms of the trust.7.The trustee must manage the trust property for the beneficiary.8.To the beneficiary the trustee owes a fiduciary duty.9.Trusts developed out of the old English use.10.Whereas the property is held in trust for the appellant.Part 41所有权一个人可拥有土地，尽管他人对土地具有地役权，诸如通行权。占有者无须证明自已为物主。他是财产的注定所有权人。他的产权具有瑕疵。夫妻财产也同样属于共同财产，离婚时应作平均分配。一物只能且只须有一个产权。享有自已的财产应以不损害他人的利益为限。所有权被称作是“法定使用权和处置权的集合体。”未分财产的所有权经财产分割即告疑终结。公司的所有权已经移交银行。Part 42委托代理明示授权和默示授权都能产生代理。公民、法人可以通过代理人实施民事法律行为。他以受托人身份行为。受托人享有普通法上的所有权，受益人享有衡平法了的所有权。她被公司授权签署此项合同。代理人受权出售该财产。该协议包括所有代理。被代理人可能要承担他原本未明确授权给代理人之责任。他们签订了一项代理协议。第三人和代理人应负连带责任。Part 43未成年人违法未成年人在法律上被视为无犯罪能力的。法庭有权裁量将任何未成年人的违法记录进行保密。作为未成年人，他将不会因犯罪行为像成人一样被起诉。考虑到被告的年龄，法院决定给他缓期处刑。已满14周岁但未满18周岁的人犯罪，应当从轻或者减轻处罚。上诉法院废除了少年法院签发的监护。少年法庭的重心是使青少年违者回归社会而非惩罚。少年法庭可在任何时候删除或者销毁未成年人的记录。该少年违者被关进教养院改造。犯罪时他还未成年。Part 44消费者权益对销售者反对消费者的行为我可以提起刑事诉讼吗？消费者有权挑选商品和服务。他企图追究制造者对瑕疵产品的责任。如果商品销售者没有达到发证机构制定的行为和表现标准，能会导致吊销许可证的后果。消费者受到的法律保护将越来越多。联邦贸易委员会具有最广泛的保护消费者权益的职责。欺诈案已被包括在消费者保护立法之中。法律还规定消费者人权撤销任何送货上门买卖合同。为保护消费者的合法权益特制定本法。当消费者权益保护之诉胜诉，卖方可能不得不支付赔偿金。Part 45信托信托关系可以法律推定成立。信托关系可以口关建立，但一般却是经书面文件形式建立。他将财产交他人为自已的女儿托管。如果他帮助受托人不诚实地违反信托，他将被判处承担法律责任。法院指定一名破产财产托管人以管理债务人的财产。信托文件必须确认信托财产、受托人和受益人，并写明信托条款。受托人必须受益人管理信托财产。受托人对受益人负有信托义务。信托源于古老的英国惯例。鉴于财产是为上诉人托管的。Part 46 Punishment1.Criminal punishment ought to be based upon blameworthiness only, and not imposed upon those connot be blamed.2.Guilt always hurries towards its complement, i.e. punishment, only there does its satisfaction lie.3