湖南中考英语 题型研究三 阅读技能 类型二 选择型典例剖析 人教新目标版.doc

题型三 阅读技能类型二 选择型【典例剖析】（15长沙c篇）have you ever heard of e-waste(electronic waste 电子垃圾)，which can be produced every day? how do you deal with your computers, mp4 players and mobile phones when theyre broken or you want a new one?most people just throw them away. with the development of electronic industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. according to the united nations, in 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million tons. the us was the biggest waster, producing 7.1 million tons. china came second, with 6 million tons.its important to pay attention to e-waste. it can either be valuable or harmful(有害的), depending on how we deal with it. e-waste is a valuable urban mine(城市矿藏). the value of the metals, like gold and silver in the waste around the world, is amazing. and the metals can be reused. but if people throw them away, the toxic chemicals(有毒化学物质) can get into the earth or air, affecting the environment and peoples health.apple, for example, now recycles peoples used products in china when they are buying new ones. the company will test and repair the used ones and sell them at lower prices. to help reduce(减少)e-waste, we can buy longer lasting electronic products. if you have unwanted electronics, find a new home for them. you can also take computers and phones to see if companies offer recycling programs.1. the following can become e-waste except _.a. computers b. mobile phones c. plastic bags2. which country produced most e-waste last year according to the united nations?a. america. b. china. c. japan.3. what does the underlined word “affecting” mean in this passage?a. 保护 b. 影响 c. 改善4. from paragraph 4, we learn that_.a. the recycled apple products will be sold at higher pricesb. buying longer lasting electronic products is a good way to reduce e-wastec. its better to keep the unwanted electronics in your bedroom5. the main purpose of this passage is to_.a. prove that e-waste is uselessb. encourage people to buy more electronic productsc. advise people to deal with e-waste properly to reduce pollution【命题角度拓展】6. whats the best title of this passage?a. how to buy electronic productsb. how to protect the environmentc. how to deal with e-waste properly【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了电子垃圾如今越来越多，它会给我们的环境以及健康带来很大的危害。并介绍了我们该如何减少电子垃圾。细节理解题方法点拨：细节理解题往往是针对短文中某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，利用题目的关键词，在文章中寻找对应词句，在对应词句前后找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。此类型的问题多为what/who/which/when/where/how/why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。如第1题和第2题。根据文章中某一句话对号入座即可选出正确答案。词义猜测题方法点拨：解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：根据上下文来猜测词义；通过同义词或反义词来猜测词义；通过构词法来猜测词义；通过定义或释义来猜测词义；通过句法功能来猜测词义；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义；根据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪个选项就是该题的正确答案。如第3题，根据上下文及生活常识即可猜测出词义。推理判断题方法点拨： 此类题目一般不能在文中直接找到答案，而是在理解原文的基础上，根据原文的细节经过推理或判断才能得出正确答案。此类试题要求考生掌握文章主旨，根据设题前后的语境来推敲判断。如第4题，根据第四段，我们知道 。根据文章内容可推知a、c项均不符合，根据最后一段第三句可推知b项是正确的。主旨大意题方法点拨： 这类题要求学生在理解全文的基础上，对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。做这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、目的（purpose）、结论（conclusion）、结局（ending）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：the main purpose of this passage is to.the main idea of the article is.the passage suggests that.what does the text mainly tell us？what does the text mainly talk about?from the passage we can learn/conclude that.标题归纳题方法点拨： 在解答标题归纳这类题时，首先要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面的程度。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性要强。最后，要注意标题的醒目性。标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。故标题一般都比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。如第6题。1. c 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面除了都可能成为电子垃圾。a项：电脑；b项：手机；c项：塑料袋。根据第一段第二句“how do you deal with your computers,mp4 players and mobile phones when.”可知，塑料袋不是电子垃圾。故选c。2. a 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据联合国（调查），哪个国家去年制造的电子垃圾最多？a项：美国；b项：中国；c项：日本。根据第二段倒数第二句“the us was the biggest waster.”可知，制造电子垃圾最多的是美国。故选a。3. b 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文章中划线单词“affecting”是什么意思？根据第三段最后一句中“.the toxic chemicals（有毒化学物质）can get into the earth or air.”可推知，有毒化学物质进入地表和空气，这将给环境和人类健康造成很严重的影响。故选b。4. b 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从第四段，我们知道 。a项：回收的苹果产品将以更高的价格出售；b项：购买持续时间更长的电子产品是减少电子垃圾的一个好方法；c项：将废弃的电子产品保留在你的卧室会更好。根据最后一段第三句“to help reduce (减少）e-waste, we canbuy longer lasting electronic products.为了减少电子垃圾，我们可以购买持续时间更长的电子产品。”可推知，b项符合。故选b。5. c 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的主要目的是。a项：证明电子垃圾是无用