仲体论文：由敦煌手卷P.T.1287,P.T.1286,P.T.1288来探究吐蕃时期记载历史的参照框架.doc

仲体论文：由敦煌手卷P.T.1287，P.T.1286,P.T.1288来探究吐蕃时期记载历史的参照框架【中文摘要】所谓的史学形成,是经历了“成文记事”、整理“口耳相传”、进行“历史编纂”的漫长历程。中国史学从商代时进入“成文记事”时期,而藏民族的史学是在公元八世纪“成文记事”的时期,大体经历了整理口耳相传使之成文及汇集口耳相传、成文记事;进行编选有两个步骤分类编纂及系年编纂两种体裁。本文中除了和后记,共分为三章九节。第一章中主要阐述口耳相传的历史。语言是人类叙述自身历史的最古老的工具,是通过一代代口耳相传的形式保存和流传下来的历史,这种口耳相传历史在藏语中称之为ngag rgyun。因此本章中加以分析以往学者对ngag rgyun的定义,同时对此的特点和价值阐述了自己的观点。以往学者对ngag rgyun分类众说纷纭,各抒己见,通过对前辈们对ngag rgyun分类的总结和分析后本人认为ngag rgyun可以分为lha sgrung(拉仲)和sgrung(仲)。拉仲也就是神话,神话与历史事实在上古时代并没有严格的区别,因为当时人们的观察能力有限,所以他们对往事的记忆从一开始就与事实不同。跟历史往事无关的神话可以称为纯粹的神话,但各国各民族的古老历史都离不开神话所以这时候的神话不是想象中创造的那种神话,而是历史。在口耳相传中神话与史话的界限混沌不清,神与人往往部分。近世学者或习惯于区分原始神话与古史传说,以便确定神话人物与历史人物,实则初始形态的口耳相传的历史并无这样的区别,因为各部族的始祖诞生神话与图腾文化同时也是它们各自的历史。Sgrung(仲)体裁是以事件为中心的叙述方法(纪事本末体)来记载历史。这种以仲为体裁的,在敦煌吐蕃文献P .T.1286中的止贡赞普、达布聂息、囊日伦赞、松赞干布、松赞干布与卫氏之盟誓、松赞干布灭象雄、松赞干布与禄东赞宇松、赤都松赞普、钦陵与王孝杰之论战、赤德祖赞和赤松德赞等不同的仲体共十二部,其中本人以止贡赞普的仲为依据,断定从这时候起,吐蕃正式以仲体裁来历史叙述和记载历史。仲体就是原原本本的叙述,有来历,有结果的以事件为中心的本末体叙述方法;也就像叙述故事一样记载历史。本人所断定这种记载历史的构架并不是我所独创,也不是在藏族记载历史时没有出现过的,这种记载历史的框架在世界上很多民族应用过。如,汉文史书中的纪事本末体。综观上述,仲体裁是吐蕃时期记载历史的方法之一。第二章中主要阐述吐蕃时期三种历史记载参照框架中的第二种,以人物为中心的叙述方法-世系体,藏文中称为rabs。此种体裁在传统历史叙述中占十分重要地位,同时历代学者对rabs一词的含义众说纷纭。本人对rabs的产生讲述了自己的观点。敦煌吐蕃文献P.T.1286 P1.544、P.T.1287 P1.559、P.T.1286、P.T.1283中所记载形式来的考据吐蕃时期已采用了rabs这种体裁框架来记载吐蕃王室和大臣贵族的族系。第三章中主要阐述吐蕃时期三种记载历史参照框架中的第三种,以年代为中心的叙述方法-编年体。这种体裁是沿着时间与空间顺序展开;更为注重时间的连续性,因此在历史叙述的时间上更为鲜明。藏语中可以称之为Lo rkyus,也称之为大事记年,而在汉文史书中把这种体裁称之为编年体。当代藏族人把以往实际发生的事件记录下来编成书后称为Lo rkyus。在追溯Lo rkyus这一词的来历时发现,在我们所说的Lo rkyus这一词的产生是从敦煌吐蕃文献中的以年代为中心的这种记载方法演变而来的,也可以说这一词从年代为中心的记载方法逐渐成为人们把以往实际发生的事件记录下来成书的书名。总之根据敦煌吐蕃文献P.T.1288的体裁和形式来考据吐蕃时期藏语中的Lo rkyus和大事记年,或编年体是个年代为中心的记载历史框架或方法。【英文摘要】The paper main focus on the oral historical and the story history. The language is a tool for the discripute the persional history, and through it can understand oral to oral by generation, this kind of history called Ngagrgyun in Tibetan, so that I am more focus on Ngag rgyun is definition and typical, valuable site, because the scholars has different idea and through it the other scholars to detail descript to the Ngag rgyun has two meaning those are Lhasgrung and Sgrung. Lhasgrung is also a legend, but according to the ancient history the legend and history has not big different, because people are not care about of that thing during at that time,so when they are member for the old thing is not very good, if the legend has not relative with history is become t o totally history, but different nation has different history, so those legend not belong to the pure legend and is history, mordore scholar dont have different with the native legend and ancient history legend, because the different trap legend and taboo culture has different history.Sgrung is focus on the one thing and descript the way to record the history, so this kind of Sgrung has written on the Tibetan historical books Dunhuang P.T.1286 and has many Tibetan kings name, for example Sontsan gampo, at that time the Tibetan history has many about the Sgrung during the tubo time, Sgrung pon is record the original history things and descript one story to record the history, my paper focus on the record the history idea is not my find, also not the record on the history time , this kind of historial not the other nations use in the world, for example, the record history on the Chinese books, in a word, Sgrung is a way to record the history.The second chapeter has the way to descript the history is the personal descript and its called Rabs, this kind of idea has important thing on that, and at that time has many scholars also has different idea for the definition for this word, my paper more focus on the main idea is Dunhuang P.T.1286 P1.544、P.T.1287 P1.559、P.T.1286、P.T.1283has different explain for the rabs record on the tubo kingdom, and royal family.The third more focus on the history of Tubo dynasty, and the period time descript the time, this kind of thing the time and space to open the history, and more focus on the time development, and the descript the time is more untreatable, its called Lo Rkyus in Tibetan, also called historical big thing in Tibet. According to the historical discover the Lo Rkyus coming from the Dunhuang time to changed history, also its from the history book and become the history book to record the great history, in a word, according to the history Dunhuang P.T.1288 has the word Lo Rkyus and big thing and the time for the