湖北省黄冈市高考英语一轮 阅读理解精品训练题（20）（含解析）.doc

黄冈市2014高考英语一轮（精品）阅读理解训练题（20）附解析阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。athe hearst castlehearst castle is a palatial park on the central california coast and a national historic landmarkit was designed by architect julia morgan for william randolph hearst from 1919 until 1947in 1957 , the hearst corporation donated the fortune to the state of californiasince that time it has been maintained as a state historic park where the estate and its considerable collection of art and antiques are open for public toursdespite its location far from any urban center, the site attracts roughly one million visitors per yearguided toursthere are several tours which highlight various parts of the castle and gardenstour one is recommended for first time visitorit now includes the movie, hearst castle building the dreamtour two gives visitors a closer look at the main houses upper floors, mrhearsts private suite, the libraries, and the kitchentour three looks at the castles north wing, guest rooms and guest house casa del montetour four features the impressive gardens and grounds, the largest guesthouse, the wine basement, and the hidden terracethe evening tour is a special tour that allows visitors to experience the castle at night as one of the hearsts own visitors might haveticket priceshearst castle accepts visa, mastercard, american express and discoverfree day use parking is available for automobiles, motorcycles, tour buses and recreational vehiclestoursadultages 6 17experience tour$24$12tours 2, 3 or 4$ 24$ 12evening tour$30$15* children under 6 are free when accompanied by a paying adultreservation informationwhile tickets may be purchased at the visitor center upon arrival, tour reservations are strongly recommended and may be reserved online now or by calling 1 - 800 - 444 - 4445, see below for timesreservation call center hoursdatesmonday-fridaysaturday-sundaymarch-september8am to 6pm8am to 6pmoctober-february9am to 5pm9am to 3pmvisit wwwhearstcastleorg for more information51if you are quite interested in wine, which tour will you choose?atour one btour two ctour three dtour four52if a young couple take tour one with their 5-year-old son, how much will they pay for the tickets?a36b60 c48 d7553which of the following is the available (有效的，可获得的)time to book tickets by phone?aat 8 am on monday in februarybat 9 am on sunday in marchcat 7 pm on friday in septemberdat 6 pm on saturday in october*结束c(2011湖北卷，c)in todays throwaway society，dealing with the citys growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)recently, edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green mannerlargely through encouraging recyclingits aging facilities such as the powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.the european union(eu) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.the five councils (edinburgh，east lothian, west lothian，midlothian and borders) face fines around 18 million a year from 2013 if they dont increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.with this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.but this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new uk government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the citys waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.after the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the citys waste by train to a landfill site near dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near portobello.since powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the edinburgh council to accept the suggestion.but soon they turned it downafter 700 local objections reached thembecause it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.that still leaves the council with a problem.by 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.due to this，edinburgh and midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。 但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。9the main way of handling waste in a green manner in edinburgh is _.arecycling brestoringcburying dburning答案：a。细节判断题。第二段中的信息词“largely through encouraging recycling”可以断定选项a的说法是与原文保持一致的。10the five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to _.areduce the cost of burying waste bmeet the eu requirements cspeed up waste recyclingdreplace landfill sites答案：b。细节判断题。在第三个段落的开头提到了“the eu has issued a new policy.”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台，所以与选项b的说法是相符合的。11the city council of edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near portobello because _.ait came from a private company bthe council was not interested in it cit was not supported by eudthe local people were against it答案：d。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“.700 local objections reached them.”，可以断定市民是反对的。12what is the final decision of edinburgh and midlothian councils? ato open a new landfill nearby.bto close the powderhall landfill in 2015.cto set up a plant for burning waste.dto persuade people to reduce their waste.答案：c。细节判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一个垃圾焚烧厂，就可以断定，选项c与本信息句是相吻合的。d(2011重庆卷，e)skeptics are a strange lot.some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.the “ecoguilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.perhaps that explains why a new book by bjorn lomborg received so much publicity.that book ，the skeptical environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world”as fine. of course ，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. indeed, mr. lomborgs views are similar to those of some industryfunded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.so it was strange to see mr. lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. one national newspaper in canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “after lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”such onesided views should have immediately been challenged. but only a different review appeared in nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. the review remarked that mr. lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”a critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. people might become halfblind before a world partially exhibited by the media. thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.本文讲述了怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境造成的危胁，认为地球状况是良好的，这迎合了一些追求利益的商业公司。但是关系地球健康的问题是相当重要的，人们一定要严肃对待。13. according to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？a. people who agree on the popularity of “ecoguilt”b. people who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.c. people who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.d. people who spread comforting news to protect our environment.答案：b。细节理解题。根据短文第一段可知，怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境的影响。短文第二段第二句话中提到，他们认为世界的真正状态是好的，由此可知b项正确。14. which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of lomborgs book?asome big businesses intend to protect their own interests. bthe book challenges views about the fine state of the world.cthe author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.dindustryfunded media present confusing information.答案：a。细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话可知lomborg的观点与一些由工业资助的组织的观点是相似的。因此可知这些大的组织为了自己的利益也不会注重环保。15. the author mentioned the review in nature in order to _.a. voice a different opinionb. find fault with lomborgs book c. challenge the authority of the mediad. point out the value of scientific views答案：a。推理判断题。第三段提到加拿大的一家报纸对lomborg的书大加赞扬，第四段又提到这片面的观点应当受到挑战，然后说“nature”杂志上就有不同的评论。由此可知a项正确。16. what is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?a. to encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.b. to warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.c. to blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.d. to show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案：d。作者意图题。由短文最后一段第二句话可知，媒体应当提供全方位的信息，让人们在了解情况的前提下做出决定。由此可知d项正确。(2011湖北卷，d)feeling blue about the world ? “cheer up，” says science writer matt ridley.“the world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book the rational optimist. he views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.he backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.heres how he explains his views.1)shopping fuels inventionit is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in london alone.even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .this will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.the more we specialize and exchange，the better off well be.2) brilliant advancesone reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.take one example.in 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.in the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.in 1950 it was eight seconds.today its half second.3) lets not kill ourselves for climate changemitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.a child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.if climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。9what is the theme of ridleys most recent book?aweakness of human nature.bconcern about climate change.cimportance of practical thinking.doptimism about human progress.答案：d。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项d的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。10how does ridley look at shopping?ait encourages the creation of things.bit results in shortage of goods.cit demands more fossil fuels.dit causes a poverty problem.答案：a。细节判断题。从“shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项a与之相吻合。11the candle and lamp example is used to show that _.aoil lamps give off more light than candlesbshortening working time brings about a happier lifecadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesdincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：d。细节判断题。根据brilliant advances 一段中的“take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项d的说法是一致的。12what does the last sentence of the passage imply?acutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.boverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.cpeoples health is closely related to climate change.dcareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：b。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除选项a与c的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting. around our necks”一句可以表明选项d中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项b是最正确的。 (2011全国卷，d)the way we do things round here some years ago，i was hired by an american bank. i received a letter from the head of the personnel department that started，“dear john，i am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” that “quite” saddened me. i thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although i wish we had hired someone else.”then i discovered that in american english “quite” sometimes means “very”， while in british english it means “fairly”so the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that i dont just mean the words people speak. it is body language，dress，manners, ideas and so on. the way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化)some of these differences may be only on the surfacedress，food and hours of workwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候)，while getting on with business. some of the differences may be an improvement. people are more polite；