华立工商管理专业英语整理版.doc

缩写：1. CEO Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官 2. POS point-of-sale （商店结账处的）计算机终端机 3. HRM Human Resource Management 人力资源管理4. MBO Management by Objectives 目标管理5. OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织术语1. Prevailing price 流行价格2. Market share 市场份额3. Insurance agent 保险业务员4. Allocation of resources 资源配置5. Task force 任务小组6. Mergers and acquisitions 兼并与收购7. Corporate restructuring 公司重组8. Downsizing (公司)缩编9. Outsourcing decision 外包决策10. Unit cost of production 单位生产成本11. Strategic alliance 战略联盟12. Overhead 管理费用13. Competitive advantage 竞争优势14. Individual decision-making 个人决策15. Scarce resources 稀缺资源16. Incremental adjustment 增量调整17. Marginal costs 边际成本18. Marginal benefits 边际收益19. Opportunity cost 机会成本20. Market economy 市场经济21. Market failure 市场失灵22. Economic prosperity 经济繁荣23. Budget deficit 预算赤字24. Financial market 金融市场25. Inflation 通货膨胀26. Equitable distribution 公平分配27. Personal income tax 个人所得税28. Welfare system 福利制度29. Health care 医疗保健30. A standing plan 常备计划31. A contingency plan 应变计划32. Performance appraisal system 业绩评估系统33. Emergency budget 应急预算34. Line supervisor 基层主管35. Chain of command 指令链36. Delegate authority 分权37. Work specialization 劳动分工38. Legitimate power 法理权利39. Reward power 奖赏权利 40. Authoritarian management 集权型领导41. Concurrent control 同期控制42. Distribution channel 分销渠道43. Transportation costs 运输成本44. Vertical integration 纵向整合45. Annual sales 年销售额46. Performance appraisal system 业绩评估体系47. Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略48. Incentive plan 激励计划判断正误 10%1、A manager is a person who plans ,organizes ,directs, and controls the allocation of all resources in pursuit of the managers individual goals.(F)一个经理是计划,组织，指导，控制所有资源的分配，以此达到经理的个人目标。2、The growth rate of a nations average income is mostly determined by the growth rate of a nations productivity. (T)一个国家的平均收入的增长率主要是由一个国家的生产力增长率的确定3、When a government creates large quantities of the nations money ,the value of the money rises. (F)当政府发行了大量货币，货币的价值上升。4、Reducing inflation is often thought to cause a lasting rise in unemployment . (F) 降低通货膨胀常常被认为会导致失业率的持续上升5、Reducing inflation is often thought to cause a rise in unemployment temporarily. (T)降低通货膨胀常常被认为会导致失业率暂时上升， 6、Qualitative goals are described in numerical terms ,such as “Salesperson Jones will obtain 16 new accounts in December”. (F)定性目标是用数值来衡量，比如推销员琼斯在12月拿到了16张新单7、Quantitative goals use statements such as “Marketing will reduce complaints by improving customer service next year.” (F)定量目标是使用语句如“营销将减少明年改善客户服务的投诉8、The final step in MBO is to carefully evaluate whether annual goals have been achieved of both individuals and departments . (T)目标管理的最后一步是仔细评估个人和部门年度目标是否已经实现9、Sing-use plans are ongoing plans that are used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organization. (F)演唱计划是正在进行的计划，用来提供组织内进行的多次任务的指导10、The primary standing plans are organizational policies, rules ,and procedures. (T)最重要计划是组织的政策，规则，和程序。11、To develop contingency plans ,planers must identify uncontrollable factors, such as recession ,inflation, technological developments ,or safety accidents.(T)制定应急计划时计划者必须确定不可控制的因素，如经济衰退，通货膨胀，科技的发展，或安全事故12、Work can often be performed more efficiently of employees are allowed to specialize. (T)工作通常因对员工差异化对待而更有效率地进行13、Unity of command means that each employee is held accountable to not only one supervisor. (F)统一指挥就是每个员工不止对一种责任负责14、Authority is vested in personal ability , not organizational positions.(F)权威是由个人能力决定的，而不是所处的组织位置15、Decentralization means that decision authority is located near the top of the organization. (F)权力下放意味着该组织的决策机构是位于顶部附近。分权是指位于顶部的组织才有决策权16、Empowering employees have more say and hence contributes more to organizational goals . (T)使员工能更多表达个人观点有助于实现组织目标17、Control can focus on events before ,during or after a process These three types of control are formally called feedforward ,concurrent and feedback. (T)控制可以集中于事件之前，期间或之后的一个过程，这三种类型的控制被正式称为前馈，并发和反馈18、The effective presentation is characterized by such conversational qualities as vocal expressiveness and vocal emphasis ,good eye contact ,and appropriate body language . (T)有效表达具有以下特点，声音的表现力和语调，良好的目光接触，和适当的身体语言19、 Proprietorships often have unlimited life. (F)独资企业往往拥有无限的生命20、Partnerships suffer from relatively high taxes compared with corporations. (F)合伙企业相对股份有限公司的税负更高完形填空20%At Roy Rogers Restaurants , the annual turnover had been running between 80 to 90 percent across the corporation , costing the organization more than $3 million per year . The HRM department conducted a survey among field managers to get their views on the problem .The managers attribute the high turnover to several people-oriented problems ,such as poor recruitment pay ,training performance feedback ,and promotional opportunities .Interestingly ,restaurant managers who experienced the higher turnover within their own units were much more likely to hold the HRM department responsible for solving these problem ,they did not see how these problems related to their own behavior .On the other hand, managers experiencing less turnover held themselves accountable for solving these problem.在罗伊罗杰斯餐馆, 整个公司的年营业额已运行80至90%的时候,核算后组织每年的成本高达300万美元以上。人力资源管理部门在现场对经理们进行了一个调查，得到他们对这个问题的看法。经理们认为成本高主要是几个跟人有关的问题,如工资低,培训，绩效反馈,和促销的机会。有趣的是,较高人员流失率的餐厅经理更倾向于人力资源管理部门应该负责解决这些问题, 他们没有看到这些问题与他们自己的行为的关系。另一方面,人员流失率较低的经理支持自己负责解决这些问题。Under a cost leadership strategy , a firm provides the same services or products as its competitors, but produces them at a lower cost .By doing so, the organization earns a better return on its investment in capital and human resources . For example, Restaurant A and B sell the same number of hamburgers at the same price .Restaurant A can gain a competitive advantage over B if it is able to reduce its per unit cost, that is , produce each hamburger at a lower cost. A per unit cost is the cost of producing one unit of product or service .It can be reduced by increasing the number of units produced relative to the total cost of producing them. 在成本优先战略下，公司与它的竞争对手提供相同的服务或产品，但生产成本较低。通过这样做，公司在资本和人力资源方面的投资回报更好。例如，餐馆A和B以同样的价格出售等量的汉堡包。如果餐厅A可以能降低单位成本，就是以更低的成本生产每个汉堡，以此获得对B的竞争优势。每单位成本是指生产一个单位的产品或服务的成本。它可以通过增加产量，将他们的生产总成本相应地降低。The theory of comparative advantage holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities ,i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. The first country should specialize in the production and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller, i.e. the commodity of its comparative advantage, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater, i.e. the commodity of its comparative disadvantage .Where comparative advantage exists , two trading partners are both able to share in the gains from trade . Trade to exploit comparative advantage efficiency among countries, since it can make one country better off without making another worse off .比较优势理论认为，即使一个国家比其他国家的商品生产效率低，即在生产任何商品时具有绝对的劣势，还有互利贸易的基础。首先国家应该专门生产和出口的大宗商品，其绝对劣势较小，即其相对优势的商品，进口大宗商品，其绝对劣势是大的。只要存在比较优势，两个贸易伙伴彼此之间都能够从贸易中获利。贸易是利用国家之间商品的比较优势，而不是使得一个国家的经济恶化去让另一个国家的经济状况变好作文 20%Retailing is such a part of our daily life that its often taken for granted as successful on the topic “a retailers typical business activities”?Your article should be no less than 200 words.零售业是我们日常生活的一部分，它往往被认为理所当然成功。主题“零售商的典型的商业活动”？你的文章应该不少于200字。加多宝重塑品牌时隔15年后，王老吉商标再度回归广州药业集团运营，此时其已价值千亿元。失去王老吉logo的加多宝展开了加多宝重塑品牌的战略。为了使消费者能很自然的从王老吉过渡到加多宝，牢牢吸引住原有消费群体，积极吸纳更广泛消费群体，加多宝在开展电视、地铁广告、发布会等传统营销传播方式外，也同时注重通过QQ、微博等社会化媒体获取消费者支持打造一个立体传播策略，无论是在地面还是空中，都展开了密集的攻势，投入巨资，全方位阻击王老吉的消费导向。2013年2月5日,在广州正佳广场一台自动贩卖机前，只要大声喊出“过年来罐加多宝！”分贝达标，就会自动掉下一罐加多宝。于是整晚不断有人在喊，只需一罐饮料的价钱就能换来顾客卖力帮忙做广告。Jia duo bao rebrand15 years later, the brand of Wang Lao Ji return to Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group to run again, at which point it is worth billions of dollars. After losing the brand of wang lao Ji , jia duo bao began the strategy to remold his brand.To enable the consumer to a natural transition from wang lao Ji to jia