翻译短文精选-第一二学期部分.pdf

第一学期第一学期 三级证书笔译三级证书笔译 汉译英 6 篇 Part 2 Translation from Chinese into English Passage 1 登山运动登山运动 登山是一项体育运动 而非比赛项目 与高尔夫和足球等比赛项目不同 它没有人为定制的规 则 登山者可以自由地运用各自的方法 而这正是它吸引人所在 但是 虽然有所不同 规则还是 存在的 而且这些规则如果得不到遵守 就有可能造成危险 或许人们会认为登山不是一个 团队项目 要是这么想 那就错了 在悬崖上 当登山者都 由同一根维系着他们生命的绳子连在一起的时候 这体现的难道不正是一种团队精神吗 登山者都深知 自己可能会不得不同比人类更强大的力量作斗争 他必须和自然力抗争 这是 一项需要有很好的精神素质和身体素质的体育运动 New Words and Expressions 1 登山 mountaineering 2 比赛项目 game 3 有吸引力 be attractive to 4 人为的 man made 5 不遵守 ignore not to observe 6 团队精神 team spirit 7 精神素质和身体素质 mental and physical qualities 翻译翻译要点评析 要点评析 1 与高尔夫和足球等比赛项目不同 它没有人为定制的规则 此句也可以为 Different from such games as golf and football there are no man made rules in mountaineering 2 而这正是它吸引人所在 这样的句子由于强调了 正是 等 比较适合译成强调句 即用 it is that 句型 此处用强调句会遇到的一个问题是 原文中用了 这 来代替具有吸引力的具体原 因 若直接翻译 强调句就会成为 and it is this that 这种含混的说法显然和强调句所要达到的效 果不相符 因此需要具体指明这个 这 到底指的是什么 联系上下文 可以看出 这 指的是前 面所说得不受人为规则约束 此处可以用 freedom 来代替 3 但是 虽然有所不同 规则还是存在的 而且这些规则如果得不到遵守 就有可能造成危险 这两句中 后一句其实是对前一句提到的规则的具体补充说明 所以可以作为 规则 的定语从句 来处理 使行文显得简洁流畅 参考译文 参考译文 Mountaineering Mountaineering is a sport and not a game There are no man made rules as there are for such games as golf and football Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods And it is this freedom that makes mountaineering attractive to many people However there is still a different kind of rules which it would be dangerous to ignore We might think that mountaineering is not a team game But this is a misunderstanding When climbers are on a cliff linked by a rope on which their lives may depend isn t there a kind of team spirit The mountain climber knows well that he may have to fight forces that are more powerful than man He has to fight the forces of nature It is a sport that requires high mental and physical qualities Passage 2 教授的愿望教授的愿望 一位教授和两名学生走在去实验室的路上 他们捡到一个五彩斑斓的瓶子 打开瓶口 只见瓶 中冒出一股股白烟 汇聚成一个巨大的妖怪站立在半空中 妖怪对他们说 我被关在瓶子里几千年 了 多亏你们把我放了出来 为了报答你们 现在我可以满足你们每人一个愿望 于是第一个学生急不可耐地说 我要到天堂去 在那里做一个会飞的天使 话音刚落 他就 消失了 第二个学生想了一会儿说道 我要住在阿尔卑斯山脚下的城堡里 当一个无忧无虑的快乐王 子 他也转眼就消失了 于是妖怪转向教授 教授边走边说 五分钟之后让他们俩到实验室等我 New Words and Expressions 1 捡到 find something by chance by accident 注意这里不能用 pick up 因为它表示 拾起 的 动作 2 一股股白烟 股股用 clouds 译为 clouds of white smoke 3 妖怪 这里用 genie 指阿拉伯神话中无所不能的神怪 类似的故事起源于阿拉伯神话 用 demon devil 有邪恶的魔鬼之意 等词不合适 4 半空中 in the air in mid air 5 话音刚落 hardly had one s voice faded away before the sound of one s voice had died away as soon as he stops etc 6 阿尔卑斯山 the Alps 7 无忧无虑的 free from care without sorrow and anxiety 8 转眼 in the twinkling of an eye in an instant in a flash 翻译翻译要点评析 要点评析 1 打开瓶口 只见瓶中冒出一股股白烟 汇聚成一个巨大的妖怪站立在半空中 打开 的主语是 他们 译文也是用 they 最为简洁 这就需要考虑如何处理句子的主干部分 瓶 中冒出 汇聚成 站立在半空中 可以保持原文的 只见 译成 They opened it and saw that 结构 把这部分放到宾语从句中 也可以利用重叠部分 瓶 译成 They opened it from which rose 把这部分放到定语从句中 另外 这部分本身还有三个动词 可以利 用 冒出 的宾语和 汇聚成 的主语是 妖怪 所以可以用现在分词形式 也可用定 语从句 但这样以来这句话中的定语从句太多 译文 They opened it from which rose clouds of white smoke that formed a gigantic genie standing in the air 2 话音刚落 他就消失了 翻译这句时 使用 hardly when 这种结构 意为 刚 就 注意 hardly 在句首 句子结构部分倒装 参考译文 参考译文 The Professor s Wish On their way to the laboratory a professor and his two students found a colorful bottle They opened it from which rose clouds of white smoke that formed a gigantic genie standing in the air The genie said to them I ve been imprisoned in this bottle for thousands of years Thank you for setting me free To repay your kindness I will satisfy one wish from each of you The first student anxiously said I want to go to heaven and to be a flying angel there Hardly had he finished his words when he disappeared After thinking for a while the second student said I d like to be a happy prince free from care living in a castle at the foot of the Alps He also disappeared in a flash Then the genie turned to the professor who went on walking while saying I want them to be waiting for me in the lab five minutes later Passage 3 钱和钱和义义 有个富翁在急流中落水 爬到溪间的岩石上大喊救命 一个年轻人奋不顾身地荡舟去救 快呀 富翁高喊 你救了我 我就送你一千块 但是船仍然移动缓慢 快过来 酬金 两千块 急流阻力太大 青年奋力地划着 但船速仍然很慢 水涨上来啦 请再加把劲儿 富翁叫着 嗓子都喊哑了 划到这儿我给你五千块 此时洪 流已经快淹没他站立的岩石了 船快到岩石时明显慢下来了 给你一万块 拼命用力呀 富翁疯了一样地喊叫 他的脚已经淹在水中了 但是船速却愈加 缓慢 给你五万 如果 富翁的话还没有说完 一个大浪打过来 转眼间把他卷入洪流 失去 了踪影 青年颓丧地回到岸上 双手捂住脸 痛哭起来 我当初确实想救他一命 他要是开始不提出给 钱 而且不一次一次地增加钱数 他就得救啦 New Words and Expressions 1 从船上 落水 be thrown overboard 2 溪间的 这里指溪流中间的 故用 midstream 3 奋不顾身 可如文章所译 或译为 dash ahead regardless of one s safety 4 荡舟 paddle a boat 5 湍流 用 torrent 表示 6 湍流的阻力 the resistance of the torrent 7 颓丧地 dejectedly dispirited 翻译翻译要点评析 要点评析 1 富翁在急流中落水 根据文意 可判断出他一定是从船上掉进水里 所以用 overboard 一 词 这里不用 fell into the stream from the boat 注意译文的简洁和地道 2 奋不顾身地荡舟去救 这句可直译为 paddle a boat to rescue him regardless of the risk 从句 中的 船行缓慢 可知 这里 荡舟 应理解为 逆水行舟 根据增词法应添译 downstream 和 against the current 因此采用本文的翻译方法 用 paddling a boat against the current 表达 的意思更为完整 3 本文对话较多 在翻译时应注意简化 例如 快呀 富翁高喊 你救了我 我就送你一 千块 Hurry shouted the rich man One thousand dollars for my rescue 这里的 如果 我 你 均应省译 符合口语语境 参考译文 参考译文 Money and Righteousness A rich man was thrown overboard in a rushing stream He finally managed to climb onto a midstream rock and cried loudly for help A young man downstream decided to go to his rescue despite the risk paddling a boat against the current His boat moved very slowly as water increasingly rushing from the mountain turned the stream into a torrent Hurry shouted the rich man One thousand dollars for my rescue But the boat still went slowly Come here quickly Reward two thousand The resistance of the torrent was so great that for all his efforts the young man could only make slow progress Water is rising More effort please The rich man bawled himself hoarse Get here and five thousand dollars are yours Now the torrential water was going to submerge the rock the boat obviously slowing down while about to reach it Ten thousand Exert your utmost shouted the frantic man with feet already under water But somehow the boat was coming even slower Fifty thousand if Before he could finish it a big wave swept and carried him off in an instant The young man returned very dejectedly He cried with face covered in hands I did try to save him in the first place It would have been done if he had not started offering me money and kept increasing the offer Passage 4 狼医生的故事狼医生的故事 森林里过去有鹿也有狼 人们为了保护鹿 就把狼消灭了 认为这样就保住了鹿 哪知道适得 其反 鹿因为没有狼 不再需要为生存而奔跑 吃饱后就躺在草地上 休息晒太阳 几年以后 就 都变得胖起来了 由此引发了多种疾病 结果鹿死得更早了 鹿急剧减少 人们害怕那个地方的鹿 要绝种了 谁能挽救这些鹿呢 人们终于想起了狼 于是只好买了狼放在树林里 狼要吃鹿 鹿要 逃生 狼追鹿跑 在这样的过程中鹿锻炼了身体 结果鹿群又渐渐繁盛起来 自然界就是这样 一切物种在生存奋争中得到发展 没有狼 鹿死得早 有了狼 鹿更加健壮 这样看来 狼不是鹿的医生吗 New Words and Expressions 1 认为 这里暗含有 错误地 认为的意思 因此用 take it for granted that 想当然的认为 2 保住了鹿 the deer were saved 3 适得其反 turned out to be just the opposite 4 吃饱 to be full to have eaten one s fill 5 绝种 die out become extinct 6 鹿群繁盛起来 这里 繁盛 不能用 flourish prosperous 等 因为它们都是指植物长得茂盛或事业繁 荣 thrive 指动植物长得茁壮 事业欣欣向荣 因此这里译为 more and more herds of deer could be seen 7 生存奋争 the struggle for existence 翻译翻译要点评析 要点评析 1 森林里有鹿也有狼 人们为了保护鹿 就把狼消灭了 认为这样就保住了鹿 哪知道适得其反 这一句 由五个短句构成 短句间关系松散 英译时应首先分析短句之间的关系 确定可以译成几个句子 这里根据句子意思 分成了三个句子 1 Once in the woods there were both deer and wolves 2 To protect the deer people killed all the wolves taking it for granted that the deer were then saved 3 However it turned out to be just the opposite 合并几个短句之后 要确定哪一句作主句 哪一句处理 成其他句子成分或从句 2 几年以后 就都变得胖起来了 由此引发了多种疾病 这一句由于有 由此 指代前面的情况 可以处理成定语从句 译为 Several years later they all became fat which led to various diseases and their earlier death 3 这样看来 狼不是鹿的医生么 译成翻译疑问句 更能引人思考 It seems in this sense the wolves are the doctors of the deer aren t they 参考译文 参考译文 The Story of Wolf Doctors Once in the woods there were both deer and wolves To protect the deer people killed all the wolves taking it for granted that the deer were then saved However it turned to be just the opposite Without wolves the deer needn t run for their life Having eaten their fill they would have a rest leisurely lying in the meadow in the sunshine Several years later they all became fat which led to various diseases and their earlier death The number of deer decreased so sharply that people feared the deer would die out in that area Who could save the deer People thought of the wolves at last They had to buy some wolves and put them into the woods Chased by the preying wolves the deer had to run again during which process they were forced to do much exercise As a result they got healthier and gradually more and more herds of deer could be seen in the woods This is Nature in which all species develop through the struggle for existence Without wolves the deer died earlier with wolves the deer got healthier It seems in this sense the wolves are the doctor of the deer aren t they Passage 5 地铁站地铁站 北京的地铁站里 一直以来都是最热闹最拥挤的地方 也是我最喜欢的地方 因为它能给人以 一种空洞的快感 站在月台边上 听到月台尽头那端的黑洞洞里响起沉闷的隆隆声 伴随着一股冷 风强劲地扑面而来 就知道马上会有一趟车进站了 上了车 居然找到一个座位坐下 我坐着 双 眼茫然地盯着车窗外的一个又一个的广告牌 广告牌上的明星正冲着我展露笑脸 我突然对身边这 个真实世界的感觉变得不真实起来 我觉得一切都可能随时幻化成一阵烟 缭绕而去 只留我一个 人坐在这个不知名的地方 我的心重重地跌入空洞里 我这才意识到舞台上的聚光灯已经打开 而 主角正是我 New Words and Expressions 1 地铁站 subway station 2 空洞的 inane empty 3 轰隆声 rumble 4 茫然的 absentmindedly 5 广告牌 billboard 6 聚光灯 spotlight 7 主角 protagonist 翻译翻译要点评析 要点评析 1 翻译该段文字时要注意时态上的前后变化 第一句是一般性的叙述 所以可以用表示现在的时 态 这里为了强调 一直 可以用现在完成时 第二句的情况比较复杂一些 它既可以是对 一般情况的叙述 也可以指特定的那一次经历 为了和紧跟其后的 上了车 连接起来 译文 中将它处理成了对那一次具体情形的描述 所以用了一般过去时 该段剩下的部分都是作者那 一次乘车的经历 所以用表示过去的时态为主 2 这段文字中用了很多动词 而且有不少都是连续出现的 如果都处理成谓语动词显然不恰当 因为这会使译文显得过于平铺直述 过于松散 所以翻译时要做出恰当的选择 保留一些谓语 动词 而将其他谓语动词处理成非谓语动词形式 如现在分词作伴随状语等 例如 我坐着 双眼茫然的盯着车窗外的一个又一个的广告牌 广告牌上的明星正冲着我展露笑脸 I got on the train and unexpectedly found a seat Sitting down and starting absentmindedly out through the window at the passing billboards on which stars were all smiling at me 3 我这才意识到 诸如这类的句子 在译成英文时可以使用倒装句和强调句等特殊结 构表现出其中的意味 采用的是倒装句可译为 Not till then did I realize 若使用强调句则可译为 It was at this very moment that I realized 参考译文 参考译文 The Subway Station Beijing s subway station has always been the most noisy and crowded place and my favorite as well because it can give one a kind of inane pleasure Standing on the platform hearing a toneless sound rumbling close from the blackness beyond the platform and feeling a strong cold wind blowing into the face I knew that the train was soon coming I got on the train and unexpectedly found a seat Sitting down and starting absentmindedly out through the window at the passing billboards on which stars were all smiling at me I suddenly had the feeling that the real world around me was turning unreal and felt that everything might transform at any moment into nothingness and be gone forever leaving me sitting at this unknown place all alone My heart dropped heavily into emptiness Not till then did I realize that the spotlight on the stage was already on and that I was the very protagonist Passage 6 旅游的意旅游的意义义 旅游是一种集观光 娱乐 健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动 旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展 20 世纪中叶以来 现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起 旅游人数不断增加 旅游产业规模持续扩大 旅 游经济地位显著提升 旅游活动日益成为各国人民交流文化 增进友谊 扩大交往的重要渠道 对 人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响 古往今来 旅游一直是人们增长知识 丰富阅历 强健体魄的美好追求 在古代 中国先哲们 就提出了 观国之光 的思想 倡导 读万卷书 行万里路 游历名山大川 承天地之灵气 接山水 之精华 New Words and Expressions 1 娱乐 recreation 2 观国之光 appreciating the landscape through sightseeing 3 有时没必要将 种 这样的汉语量词译出 例如 七种蔬菜 可简单泽成 seven vegetables 不一 定非要译成 seven kinds of vegetables 外籍教师往往感到中国学生的英语作文中 kind 出现频 率过高 4 汉语时态模糊 在英语译文中使用现在进行时 一般现在时和一般将来时这三种时态都可能是 正确的 5 若将 旅游经济地位显著提高 直译为 the position of tourism has obviously risen 译文显得较笨拙 英语本族人往往会思考文字中的形象 会想到 position has risen 的具体形象 从而感到不顺畅 翻译要点评析 翻译要点评析 1 旅游活动日益成为各国人民交流文化 增进友谊 扩大交往的重要渠道 中翻译 各国 时 通 常不用加 various 2 交流文化 增进友谊 扩大交往 如直译应作 an important bridge of cultural exchange friendship and further exchanges 但是 further exchanges 语义含糊且与前面的 cultural exchanges and friendship 意 思重叠 因此不妨删除不译 3 初学者往往见到 越来越 就译成 more and more 在较正式文体中 可使用更严肃的词语 可以译 成 a steadily broadening influence a growing influence an increasing impact 4 翻译 在古代 中国先哲们 对比三个译文 l In the distant past Chinese thinkers 2 In the distant past ancient Chinese thinkers 3 In ancient times ancient Chinese thinkers 第一个译文用词 简洁 为好的译文 第二个译文稍有逊色 第三个译文 ancient 出现了两次 出现了词汇重复 5 译文 Chinese thinkers recommended raised the idea of 中 如果觉得直译为 raised the idea of 不流 畅 可意译为 recommended 参考译文参考译文 The Significance of Travel Tourism is a kind of popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing recreation and health care With the passage of time tourism has been developing Since the middle of the 20th century modern the scale of the tourism industry has constantly been expanding and the importance of tourism in the economy has grown obviously Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge for cultural exchange and friendship and it exerts a steadily broadening influence on daily lifeand social progress among people of various countries From ancient times to the present tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge varied experience and good health In the distant past Chinese thinkers recommended raised the idea of appreciating the landscape through sightseeing Ancient people also proposed to travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers 专八翻译专八翻译 汉译英 3 篇 Part 2 Translation from Chinese into English Passage 1 英语中有 像猫头鹰一样聪明 这样的说法 表明讲英语的人把猫头鹰当作智慧的象征 在儿童 读物和漫画中 猫头鹰通常很严肃 很有头脑 禽兽间的争端要猫头鹰来做裁判 紧急关头找猫头 鹰求救 有时有人认为猫头鹰不实际 有点蠢 但基本上是智能的象征 然而 中国人对猫头鹰的 看法不同 有些人很迷信 怕看到猫头鹰或听到它们的叫声 以为碰上它要倒霉 汉语中的 夜猫子 进宅 意味着这家厄运将至 夜猫子就是猫头鹰 New Words and Expressions 1 漫画 caricature 2 迷信 superstitious 3 猫头鹰的叫声 hooting 翻译要点评析翻译要点评析 1 英语中有 像猫头鹰一样聪明 这样的说法 表明讲英语的人把猫头鹰当作智慧的象征 The saying as wise as an owl indicates that English speakers regard owl as the symbol of wisdom 此句 的翻译将原两个分句的汉语句子整合成一个具有宾语从句结构的英文句子 满足英语句子紧凑 的特点 2 在儿童读物和漫画中 猫头鹰通常很严肃 很有头脑 In children s reading material and caricature owl tends to be described as serious and clever 译者在翻译时增译了 be described as 使 句子的意思更加明确清晰 使得英语句子逻辑严密 3 禽兽间的争端要猫头鹰来做裁判 紧急关头找猫头鹰求教 In dispute among birds and beats it is the owl that they regard as their judge and go to for advices in an emergency 译文使用强调句型 更 加符合英语的表达习惯 4 然而 中国人对猫头鹰的看法不同 But in Chinese the figurative meaning of the word owl is quite different 译文 the figurative meaning of the word 增译了中文原文所隐含的意思 体现了英文 的严谨 5 有些人很迷信 怕看到猫头鹰或听到它们的叫声 以为碰上它要倒霉 Some people are quite superstitious they are afraid of seeing an owl or hearing its sound in their view the mere sight of an owl or the sound of its hooting might cause people to be down on their luck 此句中的 倒霉 是汉语的习惯用法 难以找到对应的英文 意译为 to be down on their luck 表达清楚地道 参考译文参考译文 The saying as wise as an owl indicates that English speakers regard owl as the symbol of wisdom In children s reading material and caricature owl tends to be described as serious and clever In dispute among birds and beats it is the owl that they regard as their judge and go to for advices in an emergency Sometimes people consider owl not practical and a little stupid yet on the whole it stands for the image of wisdom But in Chinese the figurative meaning of the word owl is quite different Some people are quite superstitious they are afraid of seeing an owl or hearing its sound in their view the mere sight of an owl or the sound of its hooting might cause people to be down on their luck The phrase Ye Maozi into the house in Chinese means the approach of bad luck Ye Maozi actually refers to the owl Passage 2 在大家庭里 老一辈人的意见受到尊重 小一辈的人得到全家的爱护 中国宪法规定赡养父母 是成年子女义不容辞的责任 在城市里 不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们 干家务活儿 在农村 尽管大家庭解体了 许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子 里 对他们来说 分家不过是分灶而已 结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近 这样父母和子 女互相帮助 探望都和过去一样方便 New Words and Expressions 1 宪法 constitution 2 规定 stipulate 3 赡养 support 4 义不容辞 duty bound 5 家务活 chore 6 解体 dissolve 翻译要点评析翻译要点评析 1 在大家庭里 老一辈人的意见受到尊重 小一辈的人得到全家的爱护 In extended families older member s opinion was respected and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all 大家庭 不能译为 big family 此处的大家庭意旨几代同堂的家庭 译为 extended family 更加 到位 2 中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任 China s constitution stipulates that grown up children are duty bound to support their parents 该句语言正式 语气严肃 翻译时要求选择较正式 的法律术语 如 stipulate duty bound 和 support 3 对他们来说 分家不过是分灶而已 To them breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately 分灶 一词意为 分开做饭 此处翻译成 cooking their meals separately 清楚 易懂 4 结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近 这样父母和子女互相帮助 探望都和过去一样方 便 Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents home making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before Making it convenient 翻译此句时为 使逻辑关系明确 增译了人称代词 their houses 和 their parents 满足了英文严谨的需要 参考译文参考译文 In extended families older member s opinion was respected and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all China s constitution stipulates that grown up children are duty bound to support their parents In the cities couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter living allowances and help them with the house chores In the countryside though quite a number of extended families have dissolved many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents To them breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents home making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before Passage 3 说到童年 我常常感谢我的好父母 他们养成我一种恬淡 返乎自然 的习惯 他们给我一个 快乐清洁的环境 因此 在任何环境里都能自足 知足 我尊敬生命 热爱生命 我对于人类没有 怨恨 我觉得许多缺憾是可以改进的 只要人们有决心 肯努力 我不但常常感念我的父母 我也常常警惕我们应当怎样做父母 New Words and Expressions 1 感谢 grateful 2 怨恨 grievance 3 牢记 bear in mind 4 改进 remedy 翻译要点评析翻译要点评析 1 说到童年 我常常感谢我的好父母 他们养成我一种恬淡 返乎自然 的习惯 他们给我一个 快乐清洁的环境 因此 在任何环境里都能自足 知足 Talking of my childhood I m forever grateful to my good parents To them I owe my habit of living a quiet and simple life and my back to nature propensity They gave me a happy and clean environment so that I am now able to feel content under any circumstances 此句翻译时应该用分译法 根椐语义和逻辑将其划分为几个单独的语 义群分开翻译 2 我尊敬生命 热爱生命 我对于人类没有怨恨 我觉得许多缺憾是可以改进的 只要人们有 决心 肯努力 I have a deep respect and love for life I have no grievances against humanity I think many human failings can be remedied so long as people strive with firm determination 翻译此句时需 要先对其进行层次的划分 我尊敬生命 热爱生命 可以作为一个层次 我对于人类没有怨 恨 可作为一个层次 剩下的部分作为一个层次 3 我不但常常感念我的父母 我也常常警惕我们应当怎样做父母 Not only do I al