学术英语1,3,9,11单元答案.doc

TEXT1Debate（讨论）：a discussion in which reasons advanced for and against some proposition or proposalSomewhat（稍微）：to a small degree or extentEliminate（排除）：completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwantedValid(有效地）：（computing）that is accepted by the systemAccess（进入）：the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of somethingtemporary（正当的）：not permanent ;not lastinginherent(固有的）：existing as an essential constituent or characteristicapplication（适用）：a piece of computer software that is designed to do a particular jobavailable(可用的）：obtainable or accessible and ready for use or serviceUtilize（利用）：put into service第二题1 a(n) symbolic (象征的) gesture of love2 The publisher distribute (分发) the book in Asia.3 A “site”(地点) is a place, and so a website.4 a(n) complex (复杂的) network of systems5 be used to identify (识别) potential terrorists6 deal the matter with him physically (完全地)7 start with a pretty straightforward (直截了当) question8 beyond the capability (功能) of the computers9 hit the target (目标) at a distance10 the person never attempt (尝试) to do anything more11 a highly sophisticated process (过程)12 work within the parameter (限定因素) of time and budget13 thanks for your kind interpretation (解释)14 use many technical (专业的) terms15 Prices range (变化范围) from 340 U.S. Dollars to 390 U.S. Dollars.16 exploit (开拓) a new market in the city17 be absorbed in the social networking (社交网络)18 involve (涉及) unnecessary extra charges19 only one instance (实例) out of many20 get to know more about the specification (具体的细节) of the wedding21 accompany (陪伴) with her to watch movies22 the only thing predictable（预言）about life23 learn the profile（概要）of the project第三题 When it comes to cloud computing, it is often worried that cloud computing is not reliable, the worries ranging from(从到) “I lose control over the system with cloud computing” to“My files are not secure with cloud computing”.Actually the worries arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对误解)of cloud computing. Although the security of cloud computing leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到),it opens a path for (打开了通道) the future development of computers. Hence a Better understanding of a new technology requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想).1. Some people claim that hackers are good guys who simply push the boundaries of knowledge without doing any harm (at least not on purpose), whereas “crackers” are the real bad guys. 有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。2. This can refer to gaining access to the stored contents of a computer system, gaining access to the processing capabilities of a system, or intercepting information being communicated between systems. 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。3. Unknown vulnerabilities, which the owner or operator of a system is not aware of, may be the result of poor engineering, or may arise from unintended consequences of some of the needed capabilities. 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。4. Another type of attack is one that is preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and is launched without any specific target-it is blasted out shotgun style with the goal of reaching as many potential targets as possible. 另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击， 然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。5. Also, consider getting a hardware firewall and limiting the flow of data to and from the Internet to only the few select ports you actually need, such as e-mail and Web traffic. 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在仅有的几个你真正需要的端口，如电子邮件和网站流量。TEXT3category（类型）：a group of people or things that All have the same particular qualitiespremises(房屋）：the building and land that a shop ,company,etc,usesgeneric(通用的):a product that does not have a trademarkinfrastructure（基础设施):basic facilities which function as communication and power supplies and so ontelecommute(家庭远程):work for a company at home using a computer connected to the main officedatabase(数据库):a large amount of date stored in a computer system so that you can find and use it easilyconfigure(配置):arrange something,especially computer equipment,so that it works with other equipmentback up(复制):make a copy of information on your computerabstraction(抽象):a general idea about a type of a thing or a personallocation(配给):the amount or share of something that is given to someone or used for a particular purpose第二题1 irrespective (不管) of their age and education2 The program must be tailored (迎合) to the needs of your customers.3 prone (易于) to develop lung cancer4 opt (选择) for one style or the other5 He supplies the maximum (最大的) amount of information.6 These product orders should be coded (编号).7 the provision (提供) of facilities for children8 a restaurant catered (合适于) for families9 the need for a tighter check (检查) on arms sales10 ready-made (现成的) excuse11 The aircraft has been modified (改进) and improved.12 provide treatment on-demand (所要求的)13 the whereabouts (去向) of the missing documents14 hazardous (有害的) waste must be appropriately dealt with.15 The terrible damage has been incurred (遭受到了).16 Few of the rules are applicable (适合于) to the country.17 an industrial developer (开发商)18 a whole range of services on offer (所提供的)19 host (主持) a talk show20 It is free or for a nominal (极小的，象征性的) charge.21 get these accounts certified (核证)22 a highly automated (自动化) factory23 a power outage (断供期)24 demand and supply are out of sync (同步一致).25 the evidence can back up (证实) his story.26 a great victory with minimal (最小的) price27 a highly mobile (流动的) society第三题Irrespective of whether（不管）the core structure is popular or is unpopular,the fact remains evident that it will save users the trouble（使用户避免这样的麻烦）of computer collapse.Hence the design of the core structure caters to the needs of（迎合了需求）clients who can work from their homes for the purpose of （其目的就是）making full use of time.1. One can define cloud computing as a pay-per-use model for enabling on-demand access to reliable and configurable resources that can be quickly provisioned and releasedwith minimal consumer involvement in terms of management. 云计算可定义为一种付款模式，这种模式可以根据提出的要求迅速得到可靠的计算机分配资源，而用户很少需要自己进行管理。2. As cloud computing can always be used to re-provisioning of resources, when you need to expand, you need not buy the infrastructure to increase the carbon emissions by way of using more electricity to cool off the computer resources. 由于云计算可以总是用来不断提供资源，因此当你需要扩充计算机容量，你不需要去买硬件。这样，你就不会因为用更多的电去冷却计算机设备而产生更多的二氧化碳。3. This means they need not drive to the business premises. This saves them fuel and reduces carbon emissions, which in turn, saves the environment. 这意味着他们不需要开车到办公地点。这就可以省去燃料费，减少二氧化碳排放，从而保护了环境。4. In case of outage, your customers can use the backup servers that sync with the main ones as soon as they are up. 万一断电，客户就可以再启动时使用和主机同步的备份。5. Other than this, clouds are less prone to hacks and DdoS9 attacks as people dont know the whereabouts of your data. 除此之外，云计算还不容易受到黑客入侵和分布式拒绝服务的攻击，因为攻击者不知道数据的位置。TEXT9devastation(毁坏): damage or destruction affecting a large area or a lot of peopleabundant (丰富的): present in great quantity simulate(假装): make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being realbrutality(残忍的): the trait of extreme crueltydramatically(戏剧的，引人注目的): greatly an suddenlyfossil (化石): the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soilconcurrently(同时发生): existing or happening at the same timedepletion(消耗): the act of decreasing something markedlyvoluntary(自愿) :acting,done or given willingly;not forced or compelledpredestination (命运): previous determination as if by destiny or fate. 第二题1 the magnitude (巨大) of loss2 increase significantly (显著地) overnight3 atmosphere (大气) pressure4 work with greater intensity (紧张)5 give evidence (证据) in support of a theory6 birds migrating (迁徙) in winter7 speak more specifically (明确地)8 amplify (增强) the electric current9 a disease of frequent occurrence (发生)10 be in control of your own destiny (命运)11 strong motivation (动机) to succeed12 annual (年度的) bonus13 be released (释放) from prison14 a(n) vicious (恶毒的) enemy to defeat15 create a(n) environmentally (有关环境方面) safe society16 alternate (交替) between rain and sunshine17 the most prominent (突出的) feature of the book18 his reaction (反应) to the news19 drastically (大幅度地) cutting staff20 traffic regulation (规则)21 a(n) minimal (最小的) charge for the service22 exposure (暴露) of the body to strong sunlight23 retain (保持) youthful vigor24 compound (混合) the ingredients25 They are free eventually (最后).26 decline (谢绝) an invitation27 Man is a reasoning creature (生物).第三题Although ordinary people are unaware or uninformed of the causes(没有意识到) of global warming, scientists are more than 90 percent certain that most of it is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases which have a large impact in the atmosphere(对大气造成很大影响). According to scientists, greenhouse gases are produced by human activities such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels. These findings indicate that mans environment and health are at risk(人类的环境和健康处于危险之中). More dangerous are the fact that the issue is not of their daily concern（不是一般人所关心的日常问题). Hence what we should do is to get all people involved in (使人们参加到) the cause.1. He called warming “the great geophysical experiment.” He said, “The experiment is to load the atmosphere with as much carbon dioxide as possible, add a few other harmful gases, and see what happens.” 他将气候变暖称为“伟大的地球物理实验”。他说：“这个实验就是给大气加载尽可能多的二氧化碳，再增加少许其他有害气体,然后看看会发生什么。”2. Minimal efforts made to reduce the release of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, increase the rate and intensity of global warming.对减少温室气体的排放，特别是因燃烧化石燃料而产生的二氧化碳的排放所做的微不足道的努力增加了全球变暖的速度和强度。3. Carbon in the atmosphere allows plants to go through photosynthesis more rapidly, allowing allergens to grow in number. 大气中的二氧化碳可以使植物更快地进行光合作用，并使得过敏原数量增加。4. It is the most abundant heat-absorbent gas besides watervapor, which is not considered as a greenhouse gas because it rains back to the earth in a continuous cycle. 它是地球上除了水蒸汽外最丰富的热能吸收气体它并不被认为是一种温室气体，因为它通过下雨不断地循环回到地球上。5. Ross Gelbspan, author of Boiling Point, a book about Earths climate change from global warming, spoke about his book to the public in 2004 stating, “Climate issues will eventually tear holes in the global economy.” 沸点是一部关于全球变暖导致地球气候变化的著作，该书的作者罗斯格尔布斯潘在2004年公开谈及他的这本书时说：“气候问题最终会撕开全球经济的裂口。”TEXT11habitat (栖息地 )the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs.principal (主要的) the most important ;mainEquivalent(等价的) equal in amount or valuethereby (因此)consequently;as a result of compound (混合的）make a difficult situation worse by adding more problemsvelocity(速度):the speed of something that is moving in a particular direction Elaborate(变复杂的): very detailed and complicatedConfinement(限制，监禁):the state of being forced to stay in a closed spaceexceedingly (非常): to an extreme degree or extentincidence (发生率) the relative frequency of occurrence of something第二题1 a small breach (缺口) in the dam2 shallow (浅的) foundation3 implement (履行) a promise4 the survivor(s) (幸存者) of the earthquake5 hypothetical (假设的) situation6 initiate (发起) a reform7 have potential (潜力) as an artist8 despite (不顾) their strong disagreement9 neutralize (中和) acids10 be in contact (联系) with each other11 transport (运输) goods by lorry12 the volume (大量) of exports13 penetrate (穿透) the fog14 confirm (证实) my suspicious15 strategy (战略) of sustainable development16 a rough estimate (估计) of your income17 noticeable (显著的) change18 power generation (产生)19 avert (转移) ones glance from an ugly sight20 medical (医学的) apparatus and instruments21 disperse (传播) knowledge22 territorial integrity (完整)23 compensate (赔偿) for the loss第三题Radiation is associated with nuclear energy (和原子能有联系). It can cause unwanted chemical reactions in the cell and proteins to fold improperly. Whether it is harmful to mans health depends somewhat on (某种程度上取决于) the degree of exposure. In small doses, the cell has enough mechanisms to take care of (来对付) misfolded proteins and repair itself. When exposed to a large amount of radiation, the cells defenses are overwhelmed. Therefore an increase in cancer in the area where radiation leakage takes place (辐射泄漏发生) often arises from heavy exposure of radiation(由于长时间暴露在辐射下).1. Radiation occurs naturally in our environment; a typical person is, and always has been struck by 15,000 particles of radiation every second from natural sources, and an average medical X-ray involves being struck by 100 billion. 辐射自然存