第五讲被动语态.doc

第五讲 被动语态(Passive voice)一.被动语态的定义英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：We speak English. 句子中主语we是speak（讲）这个动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：English is spoken by them. 句子中主语English是speak（讲）这个动作的承受者，即英语被讲。被动语态相当于汉语的“被”字句。二.被动语态的构成英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化来体现。被动语态的构成是：主语+be+动词的过去分词人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的形式变化来表示。新一(141144课中我们重点学习了下面的4个时态的被动语态)的构成：一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）Eg: The apple is eaten by me.一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）Eg:The apple was eaten by me.一般将来时：主语+will/shall+be+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）Eg:The room will be cleaned tomorrow.现在完成时：主语+have/has+been+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）Eg:The water has been drunk .三.怎样确定该用被动语态？不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。我们在做题时要注意：如果主语能执行这个动作，就用主动语态；主语不能执行动作，反而要被动作去执行，这时就用被动语态。四.扩展:含有情态动词的被动语态主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）(强调动作的执行者)比如:The room must be cleaned.五.被动语态的句型肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by)?否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+（by.）.一般疑问句：Be +主语过去分词(by)?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词be+主语过去分词（by.）?本课随堂练习一写出动词的过去式.过去分词1.break _ _ 意思：_2.use_ _ 意思：_3.take _ _ 意思：_4.paint_ _ 意思：_5.call_ _ 意思：_6.speak_ _ 意思：_7.show_ _ 意思：_8.hold_ _ 意思：_9.shut_ _ 意思：_10.teach_ _ 意思：_二.判断下列句子，哪些是主动语态,哪些是被动语态1.I play the computer games every day. _2.She read the book yesterday. _3.The book is taken by me. _4.The cake is eaten by her. _5.The policeman caught the thief. _6.The thief was caught . _7.Mr.Yang cleans the room. _8.His homework is done by him. _9.We will repair that car. _10. The car will be repaired. _11.Teacher will correct the homework. _12.The homework will be corrected. _三变换句型1.Many people visit the Great Wall.The Great Wall_ _ by many people.2.Miss Li teaches us English.English _ _ by Miss Li.3.We call her Penny.She _ _ Penny.4.When did they make these cars?When _ these cars made?5.My uncle gave me some English books.Some English books _ _ to me by my uncle.四 根据例题写句子例题: Does anyone ever open this window?Someone opens it regularly. It is opened regularly.1.Does anyone ever air this room?_ 2.Does anyone ever empty this basket?_3. Does anyone ever repair this car?_4.Does anyone ever shut this window?_五.将下列句子变成被动语态1.We have empitied the baskets._2.They water these flowers every day._3.Somebody cleaned the room yesterday._4.He invited me to the party._5.Tom broke the vast just now._6.She looks after the baby every day._六 根据例题写句子例题: I have finished my homework. My homework has been finished.1.I have read this book._2.I have used the ruler._3.I have made this cake._本课20分钟测试题 得分:一. 请写出动词的形式1.visit_ _2.go_ _3.cut_ _4.have_ _5.make_ _6.ride_ _7.meet_ _8.do_ _9.see_ _10.keep_ _二.判断下列句子哪些是被动语态,是的话打”v”不是打 “X”1.My mother likes reading books. ( )2.The TV is watched every day. ( )3.I have read the comic books ( )4. Do you listen to music every day? ( )5.The babies are looked after by a nurse.( )6.The room will be cleaned tomorrow. ( )三填空题1.The book _(buy) by me just now.2.The meal _(cook) by her yesterday.3.The games _(play) every day.4.The sheep_(take) to the grass every day.5.The classroom_(clean) the day after tomorrow.6.The thieves _(catch) already by the policemen.四将主动语态变被动语态1.Tom rides a bike._2.Sam makes the bed every morning._3.She kicked the ball yesterday._4.Mum washed the dishes just now._5.Mr.Yang has broken a beautiful vase._6.I have eaten the chicken._7.I will buy a pair of shoes soon._8.Micky will see that film tomorrow._五选择题1,My little sister _ a childrens party.A. invited B,was invited to C,invited to D.was inviting to2.English _ in all over the world.A.speaks B.is speaking C.is spoken D.spoken3.The flowers must _every day.A.water B.be watered C.watered D.watering4.The windows _ yet.A.havent opened B.havent been opened C.didnt open D.didnt open5.This kind of bike _ in Tianjin.A.is made B.makes C.is making D.made6.Litter baskets _under the trees.A.is placed B.place C.have been placed D.are placing本课作业题一写出下列动词的过去式，过去分词。1.give_ _ 意思：_2.read_ _ 意思：_3.make_ _ 意思：_4.eat_ _ 意思：_5.clean_ _ 意思：_6.ask _ _ 意思：_7.pay_ _ 意思：_8.buy_ _ 意思：_9.sell_ _ 意思：_10.play_ _ 意思：_二.写出下列时态的基本结构连线一般过去时 主语+am/is/are done一般将来时 主语+was/were+done 一般现在时 主语+have/has+done现在完成时 主语+will be done.三判断下列句子的是什么时态的被动语态1.The book was bought yesterday._2.The kitchen will be aired tomorrow._3.The house has been moved. _4.The school is cleaned every day. _四填空题1.My father reads newspaper every day.Newspaper _ _ by _ father every day.2.People called him Hans.He _ _ _ _.3.My parents encouraged me.I _ _ by my parents.4.She will look after the children.The children _ _ _ _ by _.5.My father has written a letter.A letter _ _ _ by my father. 6.The policman caught the thief.The thief _ _ by the policeman.7.Wang Wei mended the desk.The desk _ _ by Wang Wei.8.She sang a song at the party.A song _ _ by her at the party.9. They produce silk in Suzhou.(produce生产) Silk _ _ in Suzhou.10. People use metal for making machines.Metal _ _ for making machines.(金属)五.将主动语态变被动语态.1.I make a cake every day._2.She bought a book two days ago._3.He listens to the radio in the morning._4.I read the book yesterday._5.I will clean the room tomorrow._6. He has finished the homework._7.Peter will air the room tomorrow._8. Tim opened the door just now._9. Mr.Yang drinks the juice._10.I met him at the station._六 选择1.Thousands of trees _ by the people last spring. A.planted B.was planted C.were planted D.planting2.Chinese _ by more and more people in the world.A. is speaking B.spoke C.is spoken D.speaks3.-Did your sister go to Toms party?-No,she _.A am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.didnt invited4.There was an important meeting last week.Mr Smith _to it.Ainvited B.is invited C.was invited D.invites5.-Whats wrong with the boy? -He _ by a car yesterday.A. hit B.hits C.