英语语法系列---状语从句.doc

英语语法系列-状语从句一、状语：表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等情况的句子成分。按以上类别分类：（一） 时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。 连接词：when(当时候)， while(当时候) ，as(当时候)， after(在以后)， before(在以前) ，as soon as(一就) ，since(自从) ，notuntil(直到才), till (直到才)，by the time(到为止), by .(到.为止)（二） 原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。连接词：由连词because（因为）, since（既然，由于）, as（由于）引导, 也可由for（因为）, now that（既然，因为）等词引导。（三） 条件状语从句。在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。（另一个动作以此句动作的发生为条件）连接词：if(如果), unless (=if not) 除非, as/so long as,(只要.)(四) 目的、结果状语从句。目的状语从句连接词：so that（以便于,为了）, sothat（如此以便于） , in order that（为了）。结果状语从句连接词 sothat（如此以便于）, suchthat（如此以便于）, so much/manythat（如此多的以便于）。（五） 让步状语从句。让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词:though(虽然，尽管), although（虽然，尽管），whetheror not（是否或.）二、特殊句型（一）特殊引导词：（1）the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately ,(一.就，刚刚.就)eg: The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard(保安)（2）no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when(一.就，刚刚.就)，在这些句型中，要用倒装语序。 eg: No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（谓语的一部分had 在主语之前-倒装语序）(3) Wherever = no matter where(无论何地)，whenever= no matter when(无论何时)，whatever= no matter what(无论什么)，however(无论怎样，然而)+主语+谓语 eg: Wherever you go, whenever you go, whatever you do, Ill be (right here) waiting for you.(4) given that（既然，由于）, considering that（由于,考虑到）eg: Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. (5) only if (用于句首,后接从句主谓倒装), (用于句中，后接从句主谓语不倒装)只有当时候，eg: Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。I will have enough money to go to school only if I get a job(6) providing/provided that, (假如, 倘若). eg: I shall/will go provided that it doesnt rain.假如不下雨我就去。 eg: I will come home providing that you come with me.假如你和我一起走，我就回家去。(7) in case (that)+句子，= in case of + 单词/短语，（假使，万一, 以防）eg: In case( that) he leaves, please tell me. 如果他离开，请通知我。Take the raincoat in case it rains. 带着雨衣,以防下雨。 (8) even if, even though（即使）三、辨析（1） because of（因为）, 后接名词或短语（非句子）； because（因为），后接句子。 eg: Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. = Because of his illness, he didnt go to school. (句子，有主谓) （短语，主谓不全） Because it rained heavily, I stayed at home . = Because of the heavy rain, I stayed at home. (下大雨/大的雨)（2） after 引导的句子常可改为notuntil引导的句子，进行同义句转换。 eg: I went to bed after my father came home last night. = I didnt go to bed until my father came home last night.（3） when, notuntil, after, before, if, as soon as, as long as都可用“主将从现”结构，但前提条件是：从句的动词应该在将来发生，（用一般现在时代替了将来时），主句的动作也应该在将来发生（还是将来时）。如果从句的动作不是发生在将来，那就不能用“主将从现结构。 练习：1 If he _(study) harder , he will catch up with us soon. 2 I will go swimming with you if I _(be) free tomorrow. 3 If you _(get) a chance to study in a foreign country , just take it .4 Dont leave until he _ back.（come）。 5 “ Shall we have the volleyball match tomorrow?” “ Oh, it will be put off if it _.(snow) 6 Tell him about the news when he _ (come),John. Yes, I will. 8 Please dont leave until your teacher _(come)back. 9 I wanted to know if there _a sports meeting next month . （4）in order to +动词（do sth ）= in order that +句子 （为了.,目的是）eg: I got up early in order to catch the early bus.= I got up early in order that I could catch the early bus.(5)so+ adj/adv+that +句子. 如此的/地.以至于. such a/an +名词单数+that +句子 = so +adj+ a/an+名词单数+that+句子 , 如此.的一个以至于. such +名词复数/不可数名词+that +句子, 如此.的.以至于eg；He was so clever a boy that he went to college. = He was such a clever boy that he went to college.四、综合练习： 1. John shut(关闭) everybody out of the kitchen _he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so thatD. as if2. Is Mr. Smith in the office? Yes，_ he is in charge of （负责）the office，he must be there.A. sinceB. however C. whether D. for3.John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _he phones. A. as long asB. in order toC. in case D. so that4. It is ten years _he smoked. A. that B. when C. since D. while5.We must hurry up _catch up with the last train. A. thatB. so that to C. in order thatD. in order to6.No matter _hard it may be，I will carry it out.（执行） A. whatB. whateverC. how D. however7._ you may do，you must do it well. A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When8. -Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?No. But if I _the time，I would go.A. have B. had C. have had D. would have9._ you are so weak，youd better stay at home. A. Since B. For C. BecauseD. Though10. English and French are taught here. You can choose _you like.A. no matter whichever B. whichever C. which D. whatever11.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other _I left London. A. asB. beforeC.sinceD.till12.Ill be back before you _.A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave13. They went on working _it was late at night. (go on 继续) A.even ifB.as ifC.howeverD.as though14.I hurried _I wouldnt be late for class. A. sinceB. so thatC. as if D. unless15.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining16.We should finish the important job，_.A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes17._comes to the party will receive a gift. A. Which B. WhoC. Which one D. Whoever18.She is willing to（愿意） help you, _busy she is. A. whatB. how C. howeverD. whatever19.I dont care whether he stays _goes. A. nor B. then C. or D. otherwise20.Why do you want to find a new job_youve got such a good one already? A.now thatB.whereC.whichD.when21._he is, he will be thinking of you. A. Wherever B. Where C. Now that D. As soon as22.Shall Brown come and play computer games? No，_ he has finished his homework. A. when B. if C. unless D. once23._ you try，you will never succeed. A. IfB. Until C. Since D. Unless24.Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong _she rang me up. A. when B. than C. that D. and25._ they heard the shout for