windows2003 for IA64系统做root disk镜像.doc

如何在windows2003 for IA64系统中制作根盘镜像摘要：本文将讲述基于安腾TM2平台的WindowsTM2003 64bit系统如何使用GPT Disks一步一步建立根盘镜像。Windows2003 for IA64系统不像32bit Windows那样使用的是MBR（Master Boot Record），而使用的是GPT（GUID Partition Table）技术。本文还讲述了在主盘失效而镜像盘没有EFI分区等特殊情况的处理办法。关键字：Itanium、Windows2003、Mirror、EFI、GUID、Boot Entry版本号：版本日期：修订者：描述：102004-8-15焦健一、 制作根盘镜像的步骤1、 准备工作目的：在镜像盘上建立与主盘同样大小的EFI分区和Windows系统保留分区，并使主盘与镜像盘EFI分区的内容相同。1）.为了避免不必要的麻烦，准备一块裸盘作为镜像的目标盘。如果没有裸盘，可以使用Smart CD中的diskpart工具，将盘中的信息clean掉。2）.运行diskpart.exe工具，光标将停在DISKPART提示符下。3）.选择镜像的目标盘，并将其转化为GPT disk。这里假定disk 1为我们的镜像目标盘：l DISKPART Select disk 1Disk 1 is now the selected disk.l DISKPARTConvert GPTDiskpart successfully converted the selected disk to GPT format.l DISKPART List partitionPartition # Type Size Offset- - - -Partition 1 Reserved 32 MB 17 KB注意：我曾经遇到这样的情况将以前安装过windows2003的盘clean后，在Convert GPT时失败。错误信息说这不是一块MBR的盘。后来，在盘上再次成功windows2003后，再被clean，重新运行Convert GPT通过。这块盘是我们用来做了很多实验操作的盘，所以我分析之所以出现这种情况的原因是盘上的某个状态位被改变了，以至于windows2003不能正确的操作了。4）.如果存在一个系统保留（Microsoft Reserved Reserved-MSR）分区，则删除这个MSR分区，稍后，我们会重新建立这个分区。l DISKPART Select partition 1Partition 1 is now the selected partition.l DISKPART Delete partition overrideDiskpart successfully deleted the selected partition5）.选择disk-0，根据list命令输出的结果，在disk-1上建立EFI和MSR分区l DISKPART Select disk 0Disk 0 is now the selected disk.l DISKPART List partitionPartition # Type Size Offset- - - -Partition 1 System 204 MB 32 KB - EFI PARTITIONPartition 2 Primary 4996 MB 204 MBPartition 3 Reserved 32 MB 9 GB select disk 1Disk 1 is now the selected disk. l DISKPART create partition efi size=204Diskpart succeeded in creating the specified partition.l DISKPART create partition msr size=32Diskpart succeeded in creating the specified partition.l DISKPART list partitionPartition # Type Size Offset - - - - Partition 1 System 204 MB 17 KB - NEW EFI PARTITION ON SHADOW*Partition 2 Reserved 32 MB 204 MB Select disk 1Disk 1 is now the selected disk.l DISKPART Select partition 1Partition 1 is now the selected partition.l DISKPART Assign letter=S7）.开启一个新的命令行窗口，将EFI分区格式化为FAT的文件系统C:format s: /fs:fat /q /yThe type of the file system is RAW.The new file system is FAT.QuickFormatting 204MInitializing the File Allocation Table (FAT).Format complete. 213,680,128 bytes total disk space. 213,680,128 bytes available on disk. 4,096 bytes in each allocation unit. 52,168 allocation units available on disk. 16 bits in each FAT entry.Volume Serial Number is EA34-03C78）.切换到diskpart命令窗口。选择disk-0，为其EFI分区分配一个盘符：l DISKPART Select disk 0Disk 0 is now the selected disk.l DISKPART Select partition 1Partition 1 is now the selected partition.l DISKPARTAssign letter=PDiskpart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.9）.重新切换到刚才的命令窗口，使用xcopy命令将disk-0 EFI分区（P:）的内容复制到disk-1 EFI分区（S:）中。l C:xcopy p:*.* s: /s /hp:EFIMicrosoftWINNT50Boot0003p:EFIMicrosoftWINNT50ia64ldr.efi p:EFIMicrosoftEFIDriversfpswa.efi p:MSUtildiskpart.efi p:MSUtilfdisk.efi p:MSUtilformat.efi p:MSUtilnvrboot.efi 7 File(s) copied10）.删除分配给EFI分区的盘符，这是可选的操作，因为在系统重启后这些盘符不会自动分配。l DISKPART Select volume PVolume P is the selected volume.l DISKPART RemoveDiskpart successfully removed the drive letter or mount point.S盘也照此操作。2、 将主盘和镜像盘转换为Dynamic性质目的：因为建立镜像要求主盘和镜像盘都必须是Dynamic的，所以要手工将两块盘由Basic转为Dynamic的，实践证明此过程不可逆。l DISKPART Select disk 1Disk 1 is now the selected diskl DISKPART Convert dynamicDiskpart successfully converted the selected disk to Dynamic format.l DISKPART Select disk 0Disk 0 is now the selected diskl DISKPART Convert dynamicYou must reboot your computer to complete this operation.l DISKPART ExitLeaving Diskpart.注意：我曾经遇到对disk-0进行Convert dynamic之后，系统启动时崩溃的现象。使用Windows2003安装盘进行分析和诊断发现，系统把EFI分区标记成了C盘，以至于系统无法启动。解决此问题我的办法：重新安装系统，在完成第一部分的10步工作后，使用Disk Management 图形工具率先对disk-0进行Convert dynamic工作。3、 建立镜像盘目的：完成镜像工作。1）.使用diskpart.exe工具，选择启动卷C:，将其镜像到disk-1上l DISKPART Select volume CVolume 1 is the selected volume.l DISKPART add disk=1Diskpart succeeded in adding a mirror to the volume2）.退出diskpart，等待数据同步的完成。4、 配置Boot Entries目的：配置成为HA的系统。在完成上述工作后，重启系统时，您会在EFI菜单中发现多了一个“Boot Mirror C: - secondary plex”启动项，这一项就是用来启动到镜像盘的选项。但是，不要认为到这里就完成配置镜像的工作。经过我们研究发现，这一项启动项是仍然与主盘相关，如果把主盘拔掉，那么，镜像盘也会启动不了。这说它不是一个HA的系统。为了解决这个问题，我们还要作如下的操作，以添加新的启动项：1）.在命令行窗口中运行Bootcfg.exe命令，它将列出NVRAM里的启动信息：l C:bootcfgBoot Options-Timeout: 30Default: DeviceHarddiskDmVolumesPhysicalDmVolumesBlockVolume1WINDOCurrentBootEntryID: 5Boot Entries-Boot entry ID: 1OS Friendly Name: Windows 2003 Server, EnterpriseOsLoadOptions: N/ABootFilePath: DeviceHarddiskVolume1EFIMicrosoftWINNT50ia64ldr.efiOsFilePath: DeviceHarddiskDmVolumesPhysicalDmVolumesBlockVolume1WINDOWSBoot entry ID: 2OS Friendly Name: LS120Boot entry ID: 3OS Friendly Name: CDROMBoot entry ID: 4OS Friendly Name: EFI ShellBoot entry ID: 5OS Friendly Name: Boot Mirror C: - secondary plexOsLoadOptions: N/ABootFilePath: DeviceHarddiskVolume1EFIMicrosoftWINNT50ia64ldr.efiOsFilePath: DeviceHarddiskDmVolumesPhysicalDmVolumesBlockVolume1WINDOWS2）.为了完成添加新的启动项的工作，我们需要了解主盘和镜像盘上EFI分区的GUID，使用bootcfg /list可以完成这项工作：l C:bootcfg /list 0Partition table info for Disk: 0-Partition No: 1Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 32,256Partition length: 213,825,024Partition GUID: 68d298c0-1b6a-01c1-507b-9e5f8078f531GUID type: c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93bPartition name: EFI system partitionPartition No: 2Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 213,857,280Partition length: 5,142,056,960Partition GUID: 68d298c0-1b6a-01c1-f1b3-12714f758821GUID type: af9b60a0-1431-4f62-bc68-3311714a69adPartition name: LDM data partitionPartition No: 3Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 9,153,031,680Partition length: 1,048,576Partition GUID: 73e47280-0d38-11d7-b47f-806e6f6e6963GUID type: 5808c8aa-7e8f-42e0-85d2-e1e90434cfb3Partition name: LDM metadata partitionPartition No: 4Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 9,154,080,256Partition length: 32,505,856Partition GUID: 1ca4672d-a37c-4e12-bacb-c5ae97924965GUID type: e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215aePartition name: Microsoft reserved partition记录下EFI分区的GUID. _-_-_-_-_ ，它将被用作接下来命令的sg参数的值。在这里我们用的是68d298c0-1b6a-01c1-507b-9e5f8078f531l C:bootcfg /list 1Partition table info for Disk: 1-Partition No: 1Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 17,408Partition length: 213,909,504Partition GUID: 476688c5-8ebf-47d2-80e7-cf9d065edb81GUID type: c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93bPartition name: EFI system partitionPartition No: 2Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 213,926,912Partition length: 1,048,576Partition GUID: b72d10f6-e94e-4a4d-bb8e-4da985cc1679GUID type: 5808c8aa-7e8f-42e0-85d2-e1e90434cfb3Partition name: LDM metadata partitionPartition No: 3Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 214,975,488Partition length: 32,505,856Partition GUID: 824858f3-b8d5-4b4d-a3c7-18aac4442b7eGUID type: e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215aePartition name: Microsoft reserved partitionPartition No: 4Partition Style: GPTStarting offset: 247,481,344Partition length: 5,142,056,960Partition GUID: f3d11286-2582-4d76-889c-b82c346be44eGUID type: af9b60a0-1431-4f62-bc68-3311714a69adPartition name: LDM data partition记录下EFI分区的GUID. _-_-_-_-_ ，它将被用作接下来命令的tg参数的值。在这里我们用的是476688c5-8ebf-47d2-80e7-cf9d065edb81 。现在我们有了sg和tg了，我们就可以完成配置工作了：l C:bootcfg /clone /sg 68d298c0-1b6a-01c1-507b-9e5f8078f531 /tg 476688c5-8ebf-47d2-80e7-cf9d06 5edb81 /d+ Cloned_EntryINFO: Boot entry whose id is 1 successfully cloned.INFO: Boot entry whose id is 5 successfully cloned.SUCCESS: The operation completed successfully.3）.使用bootcfg察看NVRAM中的变化：l C:bootcfg Boot Options-Timeout: 30Default: DeviceHarddiskDmVolumesPhysicalDmVolumesBlockVolume1WINDOWSCurrentBootEntryID: 5Boot Entries-Boot entry ID: 1OS Friendly Name: Windows 2003 Server, EnterpriseOsLoadOptions: N/ABootFilePath: DeviceHarddiskVolume1EFIMicrosoftWINNT50ia64ldr.efiOsFilePath: DeviceHarddiskDmVolumesPhysicalDmVolumesBlockVolume1WINDOWSBoot entry ID: 2OS Friendly Name: LS120Boot entry ID: 3OS Friendly Name: CDROMBoot entry ID: 4OS Friendly Name: EFI ShellBoot entry ID: 5OS Friendly Name: B