初中英语现在完成时讲解及练习.doc

第二讲I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.exciting a.令人兴奋的, 使人激动的 receive v. 接受，收到firm n. 商行，公司 different adj. 不同的centre n. 中心 abroad adv. 在国外, 在海外的，在国外的现在完成时一、概念现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。二、标志现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等。三、结构 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)PS: （1）英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。延续性动词：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay非延续性动词：open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave be away borrow keep buy have begin/start be on die be dead finish end stop be over open/close keep sth open/closed； join be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构fall ill be ill get up be up come /go /fall be become be leave be away from go (get) out be out；put on wear marry be married wake up be awake example: The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died（2）动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式练习：1) 我已经完成了家庭作业翻译：否定：疑问2) 她住在合肥已经很多年了翻译：否定：疑问四、巩固练习一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _what has happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li_？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States .-Really ? When _there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish二、句型转换1、The old man _last year. He_for a year. (die) （动词填空）2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory_for twenty years.3、Her mother has been a Party member for th