九上知识点归纳 Unit1.doc

九上知识点归纳Unit1 Topic 1 一、知识目标【重要短语】13have a good summer holiday 过愉快的暑假come back from 从回来work for 为工作feel sorry for 对深表同情a disabled childrens home残疾儿童养育院the whole holiday 整个假期tell stories to kids 给小孩讲故事learnfrom 从当中学习feed a child 喂小孩do farm work 干农活go to summer classes 上暑期班write an article about 写篇有关的文章have a hard life 过着艰苦的的生活in the past/ future 在过去/ 在将来in detail 详细地at sunrise 在日出时have no chance to do sth. 没有机会做某事afford ( to do) sth 担负得起(做)某事give support to sb. 给某人帮助/支持get a good education 获得良好的教育searchfor 为了搜索have little food to eat 吃不饱dress warmly 穿得暖with the development of 随着的发展have a balanced diet 饮食均衡play musical instruments 演奏乐器sleep in the open air 在户外睡觉study/ go abroad 在国外学习/ 出国win/ lose a competition 赢得/ 输掉比赛enjoy Beijing Opera 欣赏京剧used to do sth. 过去常做某事at sunrise 在日出时 go hungry 变饿了fall ill 得病/ 患病divide into 把分成feel satisfied with 对感到满足see . oneself 亲眼看见make progress 取得进步thanks to 多亏; 幸亏；由于stand for 代表with the help of 在的帮助下draw up an outline 拟定提纲【重点句型】1.You have just come back from your hometown. 你刚刚从你的家乡返回。2.There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3.Have you spent the whole holiday working here? 你整个暑期都在那里工作吗？4.Is that so? 真是那样吗？5.Can you describe it in detail? 你能详细地说说吗？6.Our job was to grow cotton.（作表语）我的工作是种植棉花。7.I had to divide my money into two parts. 我不得不把钱分成两份。8.He has seen the changes in Beijing himself. 他亲眼目睹了北京的变化。9. I think it is important to remember the past, live in the present and dream about the future. 我认为记住过去、立足现在、展望未来非常重要。10Thanks to / Because of the governments efforts.由于政府的努力。【词形转换】training (动词) train“训练” whole (同音词) hole tidy (近义词) clean develop (名词) development（形容词）developed“发达的”developing“发展中的”rapid (副词) rapidly old (比较级) older; elder recent (副词) recently narrow (反义词) wide title (近义词) subject 【重点语法】（一）现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。如： I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.)我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。） 构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词1肯定句： I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。否定句： I havent seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。一般疑问句： Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看过了。 No, I havent. 不，我没看过。特殊疑问句： What have you done? 你已经做了什么？2肯定句： He has finished the task. 他已经完成了任务。否定句： He hasnt finished the task. 他还没有完成任务。一般疑问句： Has he finished the task? 他已经完成任务了吗？回答： Yes, he has. 是的，他完成了。 No, he hasnt. 不，他没有完成。特殊疑问句： What has he finished? 他完成了什么？（二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone tohave/ has been to + 某地， 到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。have /has gone to + 某地， 说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来。 如：I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？ - He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。二、要点讲评1.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday! 尽管我没时间去旅游，但这个假期我仍然感到很愉快。though 从属连词，用来引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”，不能与but连用。如：Though he is poor, he is happy. = He is poor, but he is happy.2.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 请告诉我一些有关中国青少年的一些事情好吗？Could /Would you please (not) do sth？ 请（不）做某事好吗？ 如：Could you please turn down your radio? 请把收音机声音调低好吗？Would you please not play football here? 请不要在这儿踢球好吗？3.Parents couldnt afford education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。afford 常与can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）” “(cant/ couldnt) afford (to do) sth.” 如：We cant afford (to buy ) this house because we dont have enough money.我们买不这房了，因为我们没有足够的钱。He felt he couldnt afford any time to play football. 他觉得自己没有时间踢球了。3.Our government gives support to poor families. 我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。give support to sb.= give sb. support 为某人提供帮助/ 支持support作动词时表“供养；支持；支撑”。如：She had to support her family at the age of ten. 她十岁时就得养家。His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的决定。The two sticks support the tree. 两根木棍支撑着这棵树。4.Why not go and search the Internet for some information?为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？ search sp. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物 search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物 search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物/ 某人。 如：The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。 The police searched the man for the stolen money. 警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。 He is searching/ looking for his missing keys. 他在寻找他丢的钥匙。5.I used to be a chilld laborer. 我以前是一个童工。used to be/ do 过去曾是/常做be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事be/ get used to (doing ) sth. 习惯于（做）某事。 如：I used to be a Chinese teacher. 我过去曾是一名语文老师。I used to swim in this river. 我过去常在这条河中游泳。Knives are used to cut things.= knives are used for cutting things. 刀子被用砍东西。We are used to getting up earlier now. 现在我们习惯于早起。6.We often went hungry because the boss didnt give us enough food to eat. 我们经常挨饿，因为老板不给我们足够的食物。went在这里是系动词，表“变得”,后跟形容词,构成系表结构. 如:The food on the table went bad. 桌面上的食物变坏了.7. One part was used to help support my family, the other (part) to help send my elder brother to school. 一部分钱用来供养全家人,另一部分用来供哥哥上学.one partthe other (part) 一部分另一部分elder brother 哥哥elder 作形容词时, 是old的比较级, 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与than连用; 而older表年龄的比较,可与 than连用. 如:His elder sister is two older than he. 他的姐姐比他大两岁.作名词时, 表 “ 长者; 前辈; 祖先”, 如:Their customs were handed down by the elders. 他们的风俗习惯是由他们的祖先传下来的.8. But China has developed rapidly in recent years. 但是近年来,中国发展迅速.in recent years 表 “近年来”,常与完成时连用. 如:She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years. 近年来,她学到了许多知识.9. China has made such rapid progress. 中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。progress 为不可数名词 ； make progress 取得进步make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 许多/ 巨大的进步10. What has happened to Beijings roads now? 现在北京的公路发生了什么变化？ sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事 ， 如： If anything happens to him, let me know. 万一他有什么不测，就请通知我。 A little accident happened to her yesterday. 昨天她发生了点小意外。11. They express the rich culture of China as well. 他们也表达了丰富的中国文化。 as well, too, also均表“也；又”。 as well 多用于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开。too 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开。 also 较正式，不用于句末。either 用于否定句，表“也不”，与too 对应。 如：He likes sports as well. = He likes sports, too. = He also likes sports. 他也喜欢运动。 He didnt come, either. 他也没来。三、典型例解( )1.Where are Maria and Kangkang?They _ England.A. have been toB. are awayC. have gone toD. had been in分析：C 本题考查have gone to和have been to的区别。前者意为“去了某地”，说话时人还没回来；而后者意为“到过某地”，说话时人已经回来了。Maria和Kangkang不在说话地，故选C。( )2._ the Great Green Wall, the land produces (生产出) more crops.A. Thanks forB. Thanks toC. Thank toD. Thank for分析：B 本题考查thanks to固定搭配。其意为“幸亏，由于”，后接名词或名词短语；而thank you for+n./doing用于向对方表示感谢。( )3.I think that you have made so rapid _ in math.A. a progressB. progressC .progressesD. progressed分析：B progress为不可数名词。故选B。( )4.How do you like Beijing, Miss Read?Ive no idea. I _ there.A .have goneB .have beenC .havent beenD. havent gone分析：C 本题考查have been to的用法。根据答语可知她没有去过北京。故选C。( )5.What _ to your village in recent years?Lots of roads, buildings, parks and so on.A. takes placeB .have happenedC. has happenedD. happened 分析：C 本题考查happen的完成时态。因句中有短语in recent years，谓语动词用完成时态，又因what作主语，谓语动词要用单数，故选C。( )6.What did you do during your summer holiday?I spent my holiday _ English in Summer Classes.A .improvingB. improvesC .to improveD. improve分析：A 本题考查spend (in) doing sth.词组的用法，故选A。( )7. I have broken your glasses. I feel sorry _ it.A. toB. atC. withD .for分析：D 本题考查feel sorry for sth. 意为“对表示遗憾”。( )8.The family was _ poor _ they couldnt buy a TV set.A. so; thatB. not; untilC .not; butD. so; but分析：A本题考查so . that . 的用法。not . until表示“直到”；not . but表示“不是而是”；so that 表示“太以至于”。太穷了而不能买电视 机，故选A。( )9._ my daughter is only ten years old, she knows a lot.What a clever girl!A. BecauseB. WhetherC. ThoughD. So分析：C 从句意“尽管我女儿只有十岁，却知道很多。”可知应选though。故选C。( )10.Have you seen my brother?Yes. I _ him in the library five minutes ago.A. metB. have metC. meetD. have been met分析：A 本题主要考查现在完成时与一般过去式的用法。五分钟前见过，应用过去式，故选A。Unit1 Topic 2一、知识目标【重要短语】get lost 走失；迷路hate to go shopping 讨厌去购物hear from sb.=receive/ get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信be abroad 在国外at least 至少take place = happen 发生one-child policy 独生子女政策be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格the population of China 中国的人口live longer 活得更长medical care 医疗保健control the population 控制人口be known / famous as 以而闻名work well in doing sth.做某事方面很有功效have a long way to go 有很长的路要走be short of 缺乏one of the greatest problems 最大问题之一be in trouble 陷入麻烦中/ 在困境中prefer boys to girls 重男轻女offer sb. a good education 提供某人良好的教育a couple of 一些 ;几个even though = even if 即使have a lot of pressure 有许多压力the differences between A and B A与B之间的区别【重点句型】1.We got lost and couldnt find each other. 我们走失了，互相找不到对方。2.It seems that their living conditions were not very good. 似乎他们的生活条件不是很好。3.It is possible that Kangkangs father was the only child in his family. 康康的父亲有可能是他家中的独生子。4.One answer is known as the one-child policy. 其中一项众所周知的措施是独生子女政策.5.And even though we have made a lot of progress, we have big pollution problems in the city. 虽然我们已经取得了很大的进步，但是仍存在严重的城市污染问题。【重要语法】现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用1already 和 yetalready “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句）。如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句）。如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？2ever 和 neverever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）。如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：I have never seen him before.-Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？-No, never. 不，从来不。3just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前）。如： I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。4beforebefore “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应）。 如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。【词形转换】possible (反义词)impossiblerise (过去分词)rose conclude (名词)conclusion medicine (形容词)medical difficult(名词)difficultyless (反义词)moreexcellent (近义词)great/good different (名词)difference come (过去式)came (过去分词)come see (过去式)saw (过去分词)seenpeace (形容词)peaceful二、要点讲评1.- I really hate to go shopping. 我真讨厌去购物。 - So do I . 我也是。 So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。 如：Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。 Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。 Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。 如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。 如：Jim wasnt Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。 Jim cant speak Japanese, neither can I .吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。 Jim didnt go there, neither did I .吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如：Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。 Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。2.At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world. 那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，提问人口用“what”.如：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。Whats the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中国的人口有多少？3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。 take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。如：The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。 happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如：The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。 两者都不用于被动语态。如：The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。4.increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。increase by 指“增加了”; increase to指 “增加到”5. and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。 one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。如：one fourth四分之一three fourths 四分之三one second二分之一two thirds三分之二6.It has worked well in controlling Chinas population. 它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。work well in doing sth. 表“在方面很有功效”, 如:如：Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.be short of 表 “缺乏”如:She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总是缺钱。be short for 表“是的缩写”.如:TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写形式.8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education? 所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？ offer 表“（主动）给予， 提供” offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”. 如：I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。 offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事” 如：She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。I cant go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。9. unless = if not 表“除非; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。如：I wont go unless I hear from you. = I wont go if I dont hear from you. 如果你不通知我，我就不去。Unless Bill studies hard, hell fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的.10. a couple of 表 “几个人或几件事”. 如:a couple of years ago 几年前; a couple of students 几个学生couple 指任何两件同类的东西如: a couple of watches 两只手表； five couples of cats 五对猫11.pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、袜子等)，也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。如：a pair of shoes 一双鞋子a pair of pants 一条裤子三、典型例解( )1.They have been to Australia.So _ I.A. doB. have beenC. didD. have分析：D 此句为so引导的完全倒装句。其含义为“A如此，B也如此。”其结构是so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。本句为完成时态，其助动词是have。故选D。( )2.The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Shenyang.A. thatB .itC. oneD. this分析：A 此句要用相同成分即上海的人口和沈阳的人口做比较。因为population是不可数名词，所以用that代替。如果是复数名词则要用those来代替。( )3._ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?It _ about 296 million.A. What is; isB. What was; wasC. How many is; wasD. How many was; is分析：B 问人口的多少用what而不用how many。本题问的是2005年的人口， 故为过去时态。( )4._ of the teachers are women in our school.A. Two thirdB. Two threesC. Two thirdsD. Second three分析：C分数的表达法是基数词在前表示分子，序数词在后表示分母；当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词要加s。( )5.Hes read this book before, _?A. hasnt heB. doesnt heC .isnt heD. wasnt he分析：A 本题考查反义疑问句反问部分的时态与人称的单复数要与陈述部分一致的用法。( )6.The _ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.A. increaseB. increasedC. increasingD. increases分析：C 本题考查increase的现在分词作定语的情况，表示“正在增长的”。increased是它的过去分词也可作定语，但表示的是“已增长过的”。( )7.The little girl has _ finished reading the book you lent her.A .alreadyB. yetC. stillD. once分析：A already“已经”，常用于完成时态肯定句中；yet“已经”，常用于完成时态的疑问句和否定句中；still“仍，还”；once“一旦”根据题意选择A。( )8.What has happened in your hometown?Great changes _ in my hometown recently.A. have been taken placeB .have taken placeC .have been happened D. was happened分析：B 此题考查不及物动词happen和take place的用法, 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。根据题中changes是复数，答句用完成时态。故选B。 ( )9.I have never visited a paper factory._A. So have I.B. So I have.C. Neither have I.D.I havent now.分析：C 上句为否定情况，应用neither/nor+助动词+主语，表示“我也未参观过造纸厂”。Unit1 Topic 3一、知识目标【重要短语】help homeless people 帮助无家可归的人in need 需要（食物和钱）decide on (doing ) sth. 决定（做）某事provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物come for a visit来参观；来看一看be successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做了某事get/find jobs 获得/ 找到工作feel good about oneself 自我感觉良好take drugs 吸毒give sb. a good chance to do sth. 给某人做某事的一次好机会end the war 结束战争live a happy life 过着幸福的生活smile on ones face 脸上露出笑容Project Hopes 希望工程at home and abroad 在国内外in poor areas 在贫困地区receive a good education 受到良好的教育【重点句型】1.It trains them so that they can find jobs again. 培训他们以便他们能再次找到工作。2.I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves. 我认为对于这些人来说自我感觉良好是很重要的。3., you will get used to it. 你会习惯它的。4.You must come for a visit. 你一定来参观一下。5.Then you can see New York for yourself. 然后你可以自己看一看纽约。6.If anyone takes drugs or disobey the other rules, he cant stay in the program.如果有人吸毒或者违反其它规定，他就不可以呆在培训中心。7.The money is used for childrens education in poor area.这些资金被用来资助贫困地区儿童接受教育的。8.With the money, it has built thousands of schools and libraries and trained 2300 teachers.利用这些钱，希望工程建立了数以千计的学校和图书馆并且培养了2300名老师【词形转换】homeless(名词) homelessness fair (反义词) unfair excited (动词) excite disobey (反义词) obey succeed (名词)success (形容词)successful French (国家) France (公民) Frenchman【重要语法】、 直接引语和间接引语在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语；如： “What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked.当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为间接引语。如：Maria asked Jane what she was reading.直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that或省略。如：She said, “Im very glad to have such a chance.”She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance.2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用whether或 if。如：Maria asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine?”Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine.3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词what, where, which, how等。如：Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?”Maria asked Jane what she was reading.4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词ask, tell, order引导的不定式结构。如：Mother said to me, “ Try again.” Mother asked me to try again.“ Dont be afraid”, Tom said to Dick.Tom told Dick not to be afraid.语序的变化：若是从句，一律为陈述语序。时态的变化。1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变。如：He says, “Im tired.” He says he is tired.He will say, “ The boy was lazy.” He will say the boy was lazy.2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的过去时态，但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现。如：He said, “Im sorry.” He said he was sorry.The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.人称的变化。如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.时间状语的变