初三英语复习语法知识：倒装句的构成.doc

初三英语复习语法知识：倒装句的构成英语语法知识：倒装句的构成v 英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。v 如果 “谓语或谓语的一部分主语”，这样的句子就叫倒装句。倒装原因，一是语法结构上的需要（如疑问句），一是为了强调。倒装结构分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 一、完全倒装：将谓语动词完全移到主语前面v 1用于there be（lie，stand，live，seem，appear，exist，come）中。v There is a book and two notebooks on the desk桌子上有一本书和两个笔记本。 v There stands a post office at the corner of the street街的拐角处有一个邮局。 v 2here，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，back，away用句首 v Here is a letter for youv 有你一封信。 v Then came the day of his examinationv 接着他考试的那天到来了。 v Down jumped the boy from the wallv 孩子从墙上跳了下来。 v 但当主语是人称代词时，主谓不能倒装。例如： v Here she comes她来了。 v 3用于直接引语后面，点明说话人 v “If you die，who will get your money？”asked Holmes“如果你死了，谁会得到你的钱？”福尔摩斯问。 v 如果主语是代词，或谓语含有助动词、情态动词时，则不能倒装。例如： v “I dont know her”He will say“我不认识她。”他会说。v 4为了保持句子平衡、衔接或为了强调表语或状语，可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到主语前，用完全倒装语序v Among them was an engineer who had been working on that object for many years他们当中有一位多年研究那个课题的工程师。 v He came into a big room，in the middle of which stood a large table他来到一个大房间，房间中央有一张大桌子。 v South of the city lies a middle school城市南边有一所中学。 v Hanging on the wall was a beautiful picture一幅漂亮的画挂在墙上。 二、部分倒装：只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装v 1用于疑问句中v Is he reading or playing？他在读书还是在写字？ v 2否定词little，not only，not until，never，seldom，barely（几乎不），never before，no soonerthan，neithernor，nowhere，not a bit，in no time用句首 v Little did he care about his own safety，though he was in great danger himselfv 虽然他自己处在危险中，但他几乎不关心自己的安全。 v Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowdedv 这城市不仅被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。 v Neither does he drink nor does he smokev 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。v 3在so suchthat句型中，把so such修饰的一部分用句首 ，主句部分倒装v So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in itv 这湖这么浅，没有鱼能在里面生存。 v Such an interesting film is it that we are all movedv 这是一部如此有趣的电影，以致我们大家都很感动。 v 4only 副词、介词短语、状语从句用句首 v Only then did I take pity on him只有到那时我才同情他。 v Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise只有努力工作你才能期望加薪。v 5so形容词、副词用句首 v So loudly is he speakingv 他讲话声音很大。 v 6so用于肯定句、norneither用于否定句，用句首 ，译为“也”。so译为“的确” 不倒装 “David has made great progress recently”“So he has and so have you”v “最近大卫取得了很大进步。”“他的确取得了很大进步，你也是。” v “I dont think I can walk any further”“Neither do ILets stop here for a rest”v “我想我不能再走了。”“我也是。我们就在这儿停下歇一会儿吧。” v 7让步状语从句中，通常将名词（不带冠词）、形容词、副词、动词原形提前。v 虽然他聪明，但他学习不好。 v Clever as he is，he doesnt study wellv 虽然我很想帮助你，但现在我很忙。 v Much as I would like to help you，I am busy nowv Object as you may，Ill gov 纵使你反对，我也要去。 v 8在某些表示祝愿的句子里。v May you be happy！祝你幸福！ v 9如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should时，可把if省略，把条件句倒装，结构是：Were（Should或 Had）主语v Were I you（If I were you），I wouldnt do it如果我是你，我不会做那件事。 v Should she come（If she should come），tell her to call me up如果她来的话，告诉她给我打电话。v 1Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted v Adidnt I realize Bdid I realize v CI didnt realize DI realized v B。not until置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序，until引导的时间状语从句用正常语序。 v 2Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language v Ayou can Bcan you v Cyou will Dwill you v D。only置于句首修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句时，句子要用倒装语序。 v 3Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？ v I dont know，_ v Anor dont I care Bnor do I care v CI dont care neither v DI dont care also v B。nor或neither置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，表示前面否定的内容也适合于倒装句的主语。 v 4Not only _ polluted but crowded v Awas the city；were the streets v Bthe city was；were the streets v Cwas the city；the streets were v Dthe city was；the streets werev C。not onlybut（also）表示“不但而且”，若连接两个并列分句，且not only置于句首时，not only后面的分句要用倒装语序，而but（also）后面的分句用正常语序。 v 5Little _ about his own safety，though he was in great danger himself v Adoes he care Bdid he care v Che cares Dhe cared v B。little，not，hardly，never等含有否定意义的副词置于句首时，句子要用倒装初三英语阅读理解训练题及答案三（一）Mr Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea.OK, Dad, said his son. But he was afraid his son couldnt remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, Where is your father? The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, No more.The man was very surprised. He asked, No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?Burnt yesterday evening.1. Mr Brown told his son that _.A. he would be away from home for four daysB. he would be back in seven daysC. he would be back in a monthD. he liked a cup of tea2. Mr Brown wrote the words down on _.A. the wall B. the doorC. a piece of paper D. his sons pocket3. A man came to visit the boys father on _.A. the second day B. the third day C. the fourth day D. the fifth day4. The man was very surprised because _.A. he thought the childs father was deadB. the child didnt ask him to sit downC. the child gave him a cup of teaD. he couldnt find that piece of paper5. What was burnt? _.A. The piece of paper B. Mr Smith C. The visitor D. The boyKEY: BCDAA（二）One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples.1. Whats the matter？ I went to a party last night, so I2. I feel so tired these days. I think youd better3.Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the mostYou can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So guessing is very important in understanding English, especially (尤其)spoken English.1.This passage tells us mainly about _.A. the importance of guessing in learning a foreign languageB. how to guess what one is going to talk aboutC. some examples of right guessingD. how important it is to guess all the time2.from the context, we can see maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE I is _.A. so I didnt have a good time. B. so I went to bed very late.C. . So I felt unhappy. D. so I got up very early.3. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 2 is _.A. I think youd better have a good rest and take good care of yourself.B. I think youd better have something to drink.C. I think youd better get some help from your friends.D. I think youd better be more careful.4. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 3 is _.A. she is one of the most famous film stars.B. she is one of the most beautiful women.C. she is one of the most famous speakers.D. . she is one of the most talkative women.5. From the passage we can infer (推断) that guessing is _in learning a foreign language.A. the only wayB. more important in spoken English than in written EnglishC. more important than any other wayD. more important in written English than in spoken EnglishKEY: ABADB（三）Uncle Li and Uncle Wang are good friends. They live next to each other and their farms are both at the foot of the mountain. So they can help each other. But neither of them likes to use his head. Theyre both poor though they work hard. Most villagers have built new houses, but they still live in the low and broken houses. They never find out why.Once Uncle Li went to town to buy some medicine for his wife. In the town he heard the apples in a city were expensive. He told Uncle Wang about it as soon as he went back. They decided to carry some apples to the city. They borrowed some money from their friends and bought nearly 1,000 kilograms of apples in the villages and carried them to the city on a tractor. Bad luck! A lot of apples has already been carried there when they arrived. A few days later they had to sell them at a low price (价格)。They felt unhappy and returned to their village.I cant understand why we sustained (蒙受) losses in business while others always profit (盈利) Uncle Li asked one day.The tractor was too small Uncle Wang said without thinking. Well carry more apples on a truck next time!I agree! said Uncle Li. How foolish (傻的) we were !1. Uncle Li and Uncle Wang live in the low and broken houses because _.A. they hope to save moneyB. theyre both poorC. their farms are at the foot of the mountainD. theyre not far from their farms2. The two farmers carried the apples to the city to _.A. make a journey B. visit some places of interestC. meet their friends D. make a profit3. the tow farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because _.A. theirs werent as good as the othersB. theirs were much less than the othersC. a lot of apples had been already carried to the cityD. they forgot to carry them on a truck4. Uncle Li and Uncle Wang were unhappy because _.A. they had sustained losses in businessB. they had lost some money in the cityC. something was wrong with the tractorD. other people profited in the city5. Which of the following is true?A. The two farmers found out why they were poor.B. The two farmers will soon get rich.C. Neither of the farmers is clever.D. The two farmers decided to buy a truck.KEY: BDCACv初二英语上第5单元英语能力训练题（一）I. 选择下面哪些内容在短文中出现。(20分) II. 根据所给汉语完成句子。(20分) 1. The old man lives in _(中国东北). 2. The woman seldom meets her son _ (一年到头). 3. _ (越来越多) students are coming here to see the teacher. 4. If we dont protect the birds, they will be _ (处于危险中). 5. He is _ (够年龄) to go to school. 6. The man is _ (对我有敌意). 7. It is _ (很重要的) to learn English well. 8. He is _ (对.感兴趣) watching TV. 9. Jim wants _ (参加) the Birdwatching Club. 10. It has an area of _ (超过) 20 hectare. III. 按要求转换句子,每空一词。(10分) 1. To keep our classroom clean is important. (用it改写句子) _ _ important _ _ our classroom clean. 2. The two boys are listening to the teacher in the classroom. (就划线部分提问) _ _ the two boys _ in the classroom? 3. I have seen the tiger since 1999. (变为一般疑问句) _ _ _ the tiger since 1999? 4. There are 29 kinds of animals in the zoo. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ _ _ there in the zoo? 5. We shouldnt kill these birds. (变为否定祈使句) _ _ these birds. IV. 根据每段文字的简介,写出该动物的英语名词。(10分) 1. A common sea bird with long wings. She likes eating fish very much. ( ) 2. A large water bird with very long legs and long neck. She likes killing fish. ( ) 3. A large water bird with white feathers, long thin neck and two web-footed feet. ( ) 4. A large strong bird of prey (捕食) with keen(敏锐的)sight. She likes killing mice and chicken. ( ) V. 完形填空。(15分) Alice was a _(1) girl. She always thought _(2) right and never agreed _(3) others. One afternoon her father came back and said, Here are two tickets for a film. Your mother and I will be busy tonight. Take Fred to the cinema. The girl liked to see films and her friends had told her it was an _(4) one. She was happy and after supper she went out with Fred, her brother, who was two years _(5) than she. The two children enjoyed _(6) at the cinema. After the film it was late, and they were still talking excitedly about the film on their way _(7). Soon they got home. There _(8) no lights in the house. Alice was afraid _(9) in the dark and said, Go to turn the light on, Fred. Fred went into the room. Before long he came out, but it was still dark in the house. Whats _(10)? asked Alice. I cant see the switch in the dark. How foolish you are! said Alice. You turn on the light first and then you can see the switch! 1. A. twelve-years-old B. twelve-years old C. twelve-year-old D. twelve year old 2. A. her B. herself C. she D. hers 3. A. with B. to C. at D. of 4. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests 5. A. young B. the youngest C. youngest D. younger 6. A. him B. them C. herself D. themselves 7. A. home B. the home C. to home D. to the home 8. A. is B. was C. were D. will be 9. A. stay B. staying C. stays D. to stay 10. A. the wrong B. the matter C. the thing D. matter VI. 阅读理解。(10分) I have an English friend. One day I came to see him. He invited me to dinner. At table, Englishmen had their good manners. To accept a dish was by saying, Yes, please. To decline it was by saying, No, thanks. When eating they made little noise. After dinner he went upstairs to change his clothes. But he didnt come back. After a while I went upstairs and found him in bed asleep. That was his habit. Habits are very strong. If a man by habit saying, thank you and please, it is easy for him to be polite. If a man smokes a great deal, it becomes very difficult for him to stop. A language is also made of habits. So we should form good habits of reading and speaking English. 1. What should you say when you want to eat the dish in England? A. OK. B. Yes, please. C. No, thanks. D. I want to eat it. 2. What should you say when you dont want to eat the dish in England? A. I dont like to eat. B. I dont want. C. No, thanks. D. No, I dont eat it. 3. When Englishmen are eating, they often make _ noise. A. a little B. little C. large D. big 4. It is _ to smoke a great deal in public. A. bad manner B. good manner C. easy D. difficult 5. The best title for the passage is _. A. Good Manners B. Bad Manners C. American Habits D. English Habits VII. 书面表达。(15分) 根据所给英语提示,展开联想,写一篇50词左右的短文。要求用上下列词语: 1. Xiao Ming, way, home, sparrow, see 2. throw, stone, pick up 3. fell off, tree, hurt, badly, sparrow 4. kill, come up, tell, again, not, old, tell, man 第5单元英语能力训练题（一）参考答案 I. Theres a beautiful forest near Sandys home. There live a wide variety of birds. The number of sparrows is the largest of all. You can always hear the lovely voice of larks. Whats that bird? Oh, its a wood pecker, the doctor of the trees. The cranes are scarce in the world. You cant find any of them here either. But you can see many swans. Listen, whos speaking? Haha., its the parrot. (2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10) II. 1. north-east China 2. all year round 3. More and more 4. in danger 5. old enough 6. unfriendly to me 7. very important 8. interested in 9. to join 10. more than III. 1. It is, to keep 2. What are, doing 3. Have you seen 4. How many kinds of animals are 5. Dont kill IV. 1. seagull 2. crane 3. swan 4. eagle V. 1-5 CBACD 6-10 DACDB VI 1-5 BCBAD VII. One possible version: One day, Xiao Ming saw a sparrow in a tree on his way home. He picked up a stone and threw it at the sparrow. The sparrow was badly hurt and fell off the tree. Just then an old man came up to him and told him not to kill birds again. v一. 选择填空。（ ）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted（ ）2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. A. for B. with C. of D. on（ ）3. You looked so beautiful at the party. _. A. No, I dont think so B. Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, Im not beautiful（ ）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little（ ）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book. A. that B. what C. how D. if（ ）6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as important as B. so important as C. the more important D. the most important（ ）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. work B. works C. worked D. will work（ ）8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke（ ）9. We should keep _ in the reading-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly（ ）10. I think everything goes on well. _. A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I （ ）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off（ ）12. Im sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten（ ）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. A. after B. before C. that D. while（ ）14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less（ ）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps shes got one. A. do B. dont C. did D. didnt二 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 16. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 17. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（hav