北工大研究生英语考试复习PPT课件.ppt

研究生英语考试复习 PPT整理 BySherry 根据郎老师ppt内容整理 1 Introduction 1 StructureofIntroduction2 1Howexactlydoyouwrite openingsentences 2 2Typesofagap need2 3Howtooccupythegap need 1 StructureofIntroduction SwalesandFeak 1994 postulateda3 movestructureofresearchpaperintroductions asshownbelow CARS Create a Research Space model Necessityoffurtherresearch obligatory 2 1Howexactlydoyouwrite openingsentences Move1a thegeneralstatementofrelatedsocialbackgroundProblemofsomethingproblemwithsolutionApplicationBeneficialpropertiesoftheresearchtargetActiveresearchactivityTermexplanationofyourfield e g chemicalnames definitions speciesnames usuallymorethanoneoftheaboveelements Attentionto funnel structure 2 2 Typesofagap need Move2 1 Indicateagap weaknessofthepreviousstudy 2 ContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryBuildingonworkalreadydone buttakingitfurtherby extendingtheareastudied improvingthecurrent usinganewsample method3 Counter claimingAconflictingclaim theoryormethodisputforward 2 2languagestrategies Move2 UsenegativesubjectsNegativeVerbsNegativeAdjectivesContrastivestatementsRaisingaQuestion 2 3Howtooccupythegap need Move3a 1 Outliningpurpose obligatory Theaim purpose objective goalofthispaperisto Thispaperaimsat intendsto 2 Statethenature focus thesisofthepresentresearch3 Announcingmethodofpresentresearch 4 Announcingprinciplefindings5 OutlineoftheResearch6 ValueofResearch 2 LiteratureReview 1 3Functionofliteraturereview2 1Howtoorganizetherevieweditems 2 1What sthefocusoftheLiteratureReview 1 3Functionofliteraturereview literaturereviewmayIndicatewhothemainwritersareinaparticularareaEvaluatepreviousstudiesIdentifyagapinpreviousstudy ProvideacleartheoreticalframeworkDefineyourterms drawingonotherwriters definition 2 1Howtoorganizetherevieweditems Thebodyofthereviewdependsonhowyouhaveorganizedyourkeypoints Typicalwaysoforganizingthesourcesintoareview ChronologicalTrendImportance value authorityClassificationRelationshipwiththepaperProblemandsolutionComparisonandcontrast 2 1What sthefocusoftheLiteratureReview MethodologyOutcome findingsTheoryApplication 3 Methodology Componentsof M sectionDescription Materials Researchinstrument Procedure Componentsof M section Field subject basedresearch Sample specimenorsubjects selection collectionCollection Location collectionmeans storage esp container quantity etcPreparation treatment processing preservation etc Meansofanalysis machinary Dataanalysis software 1 OriginofdifferentsourcematerialsNameandlocationofsuppliersConcentrationorotherpropertiesmeansofproduction 2 SamplepreparationQuantityContainer dimensiondescription Procedure Equipment 3 Samplecharacterization analysis Equipment procedure etc 2 Descriptionof Materials 3 Equipment 1 NameandlocationofsuppliersExample Model480thermocycler Perkin Elmer Norwalk CT 2 Components3 Dimension4 Functioninthisexperiment5 Workingprinciple6 Operation7 placement 4 Procedure Procedure elaboration 注意 程序 和 详述 Procedure steps verbsElaboration togivemoredetailsornewinformationaboutsomethingmeansofrecording analysis justification carewastaken etcPossibledifficulty 4 Results 2 Majorcomponentsofdatapresentation3 Beginningof Results 2 MajorcomponentsofdatapresentationSwalesandFeak 1994 StepOneInvitationtoviewtheresultsofthedata subject StepTwoMakeageneralstatementofthemaintrendStepThreeShowsomeofthesignificantfeaturesIfappropriate compare contrastvariousaspectofthedata Attention data indication meaning ofdata 3 Beginningof Results Revisiting expandingmethodologyFindingsofotherresearchinthisareaRevisitingtheresearchaim theoriginalpredictionorassumptiontobetested 5 Discussion Conclusions 0 Differencebetween Results or Discussion 1 1Majortypesof Discussion 1 2Majorcomponentsof discussion 2 Majorcomponentsof Conclusion 0 Differencebetween Results or Discussion Overall Results dealswithdescriptivefacts Discussiondealswithinterpretivepoints Discussionshouldgobeyondtheresults bemoretheoreticalormoreabstractormoregeneral 1 1Majortypesof Discussion in ResultsandDiscussion Reasonanalysis justifytheresults Implication indicationoftheresultsMapping comparisonofyourstudywithexistingwork conventionalsystem previousresearch traditionaltechnology etc Possibleapplication 1 2Majorcomponentsof discussion Reasonanalysis resultjustification Implication indicationoftheresultsMapping Comparisonofyourstudywithotherwork traditionaltechnology previousstudy etc toshowcontribution achievementofthisresearchimplicationofthisachievement Possible Application Possible Limitationtoprovidesuggestionsforfutureresearch torevisitresearchaim assumption previousresearch mythologytosummarizethekeyresults Mapping relationshiptoexistingresearch ContributionApplicationsDiscussfuturework 2 Majorcomponentsof Conclusion 6 Abstract 0 Majorcomponentsof Conclusion 2 Keycomponents2 1Thesisstatement2 2results2 3Discussion3 Conciseabstracts4 ThreeC sofAbstractWriting torevisitresearchthesisstatement aim assumption previousresearch tosummarizekeymythologytosummarizethekeyresults Mapping relationshiptoexistingresearch ContributionApplicationsDiscussfuturework 0 Majorcomponentsof Conclusion Anabstractisacondensedversionofalongerpieceofwritingthat highlights 突出 themajorpointscovered Introduction Thesisstatement scopeofthestudy purpose KeymethodsusedThemostimportantresult s Themostsignificant discussion orrecommendation 2 Keycomponents Theauthor 作者 2 1Thesisstatement explore investigate present include focus 等 主语一般是paper report thesis we时一般用一般现在时 主语是study research investigation experiment时一般用一般过去时 强调研究活动本身有时用现在完成时 英文摘要时态 Thesisstatement Purpose nature 2 3Discussion 2 2results show demonstrate display etc Attention Writeonlyonetho