专题--过去进行时.doc

年 级初二学 科英语版 本上海牛津版内容标题寒假专题过去进行时编稿老师马霄骁【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假专题过去进行时过去进行时态表示的是过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作。其构成形式为：“主语was/were现在分词”构成。一般情况下，过去进行时态有一些提示性词语，如at this time yesterday, at that time，或由when引导的时间状语从句。过去进行时态用法简单列举如下：1. 肯定句式。过去进行时态的肯定句式一般体现为：“主语was/were现在分词其他”构成。其中凡是在主语是单数人称情况下一律用was，但不包括you做主语，复数人称情况下用were。如：I was working. We were working.2. 否定句式。过去进行时态的否定句式构成形式为“主语was/werenot现在分词其他”构成。was/were的用法与肯定句式的用法相似。如：I was not working. We were not working.3. 疑问句式。过去进行时态的疑问句式只需把was/were提前放在句首即可。其构成形式为“was/were主语not现在分词其他？”构成。如；Was she working? Were they working?其简略回答形式用“Yes主语动词”或“No主语动词not”。如：Yes, she was. No, she was not.其中，过去进行时态的现在分词构成规则与现在进行时态的现在分词是相同的。用法一、过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。 二、过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？（介词短语表示时间点）When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。（when从句表示时间点）三、在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）四、通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have（拥有）, hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如： 误：I was knowing the answer. 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 误：I wasnt understanding him. 正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 一般过去时（The past Indefinite tense）.一般过去时：简单地说是表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。我们首先来看看一般现在时的构成。 一般现在时的构成： a. be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not（wasnt）/were not（werent）。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。 b. 实义动词过去式的句式。 肯定式：主语动词过去式其它。 如：They had a good time yesterday. 否定式：主语did not（didnt）动词原形其它。如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did主语动词原形其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语did.否定回答：No，主语didnt. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词did主语动词原形其它？如：What time did you finish your homework? 知道了一般现在时的构成，我们在看看在什么情况下，我们才能使用它。 一般过去时的用法： 一般过去时的基本用法 （a）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 The engine stopped because the fuel was used up. 发动机因燃料用光而停机了。 （b）表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。 He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood. 他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。 注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used to或would来表示。 She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。 （c）表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。 The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air. 学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。（d）在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。 We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 She told me she would not go if it rained the next day. 她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。 一般过去时的特殊用法 （a）在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。 Its time we went. 该是我们走的时候了。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being. 我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。 （b）在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 I wondered if you could give me a hand. 我想请你帮个忙。 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？ 一般过去时的时间状语有：a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才）等。 我们在前面讲过一般现在时，那一般现在时和一般过去时有什么不同点呢？下面我们来看看两者之间的区别。 一般现在时和一般过去时的比较 一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”没有联系。 His father is a film director. 他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是）His father was a film director. 他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是）How do you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）How did you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）讲了关于一般现在时的这么多方面，还有一个非常重要的知识我们必须学会，就是动词的一般过去式。因为英语的不同时态主要是通过动词和时间状语来实现的。 动词一般过去式的构成 a. 规则动词过去式的变化可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。 以辅音字母y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。 规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读Id。 清辅音p k f s 等后，ed要读t。如：worked，finished。 元音或浊辅音b g v z m等后，ed要读d。如：lived，called。 t或d后，ed读id。如：started，needed。 b. 不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were。一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。一般过去时用动词过去式表示。动词过去式按其构成形式有规则和不规则变化两种情况。规则动词的过去式一般直接在词尾加-ed，即：动词原形ed；无规则变化的需要边学边记。其用法简单列举如下：1. 肯定句式。一般过去时的肯定句式由“主语动词过去式其他”构成。be作为主要动词应用时，在主语是第一人称单数和第三人称单数的情况下，用过去式was；其余人称情况下，用过去式were。如：She worked here. She was here.2. 否定句式。一般过去时的否定句式由：“主语动词过去式not其他”构成。be在不同的人称形式下，变化与在肯定句式下相似。如：I did not work here. We were not here.3. 疑问句式。一般过去时的疑问句式把动词be放在句首或在句首加助动词did构成。be在不同的人称形式下，变化与在肯定句式下相似。如：Did you work here? Was he here?其简略回答形式用“Yes主语动词”或“No主语动词not”。如：Yes, I did. No, I did not.一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它（如各例句的斜体字部分）。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有：yesterday, yesterday morning（afternoon, evening ）, just now（刚才）, before（以前）, then（at that time ）（当时）, last时间（如 last week, month, year, Monday, January, spring, , etc. ）, that时间（如 that day, afternoon, summer, , etc. ）, 时间ago（如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago, years ago, etc.）“过去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday, last week, ” 等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”，亦即“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。例如：He was here only a few minutes ago.（仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。）I came home just now.（我刚回到家。）在A项我们说明了“this时间，today, etc.”的时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时，但是实际上只要是“与说话时的现在”对立，就必须使用一般过去时。例如：I got up very early this morning.（今天早晨我起床很早。）He was late for school again today.（今天他又迟到了。）Drilling Square过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。 I was reading the book at that time.（未读完，“读”的片段）I read the book yesterday.（已读完，表整个“读”）B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用 It was raining all night.（优先用was raining, rained 为持续动词，故也可使用）He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon.（短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时）C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。 例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. D、while 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.（平行）I cooked the dinner while he played the piano. I saw him while I was walking to the station. 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）（1）表心理状态、情感的动词，如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。 Im forgetting it.（=beginning to forget ）（2）表存在、状态的动词，如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等 （3）表感觉的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等. （4）表一时性的动词，如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。 【典型例题】考题1. As she _the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.（95）A. read /was falling B. was reading /fell C. was reading /was falling D. read/fell 分析：时间从句的动作长，而“入睡”动作短，故前者用过去进行时，而较短动词用一般过去时，选B 考题2. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped/was looking B. had slipped /looked C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked 分析：此题先要理解好when，表“此时”，说明主句中slipped是较短行为，而look是较长行为的片断，即汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见，故选A为正确。【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）一、仿照例句用所给的词汇造句。1. I, see him, he, cross the street I saw him while he was crossing the street.（He was crossing the street when I saw him.）A. the sun, shine, we, come outB. she, study at college, the war, break outC. she, work in a factory, the city, be liberated（解放）D. he, lose his pen, he, go sightseeing in the city2. I, do my homework, last nightI was doing my homework last night.A. they, have a dress rehearsal, yesterday eveningB. my grandma, visit my family, half an hour agoC. I, travel in the south, at this time last yearD. they, build a power station, at that time3. she, not at home that evening, she, look after her sick child in hospitalShe wasnt at home that evening. She was looking after her sick child in hospital.A. it, rather chilly yesterday, the sun, not shineB. she, ill that day, she, suffer from a severe headacheC. I, not say anything, but a struggle（斗争）, go on in my mindD. We, be rather busy then, we, make preparation for the journey4. war, go on, during all those yearsWar was going on during all those years.A. a cold rain, drizzle down, all day yesterdayB. the whole night, the wind, howl like madC. in all those days, they, struggle heroically against the fascists（法西斯主义者）D. for three weeks, our forces, push forward at a great speed二、用动词的适当形式填空。1. While we _（wait）for the bus, a girl _（run）up to us.2. I _（telephone）a friend when Bob _（come）in.3. Jim _（jump）on the bus as it _（move）away.4. We _（test）the new machine when the electricity _（go）off.5. She _（not want）to stay in bed while the others _（all, work）in the fields.6. While mother _（put）Cathy to bed, the door bell _（ring）.7. As I _（walk）in the park, it _（begin）to rain.8. Even when she _（be）a child she _（already, think）of becoming a ballerina（芭蕾舞演员）.9. It was quite late at night. George _（read）and Amy _（ply）her needle when they _（hear）a knock at the door.10. There _（be）a group round the fire when they _（reach）it. An old woman _（sit）on the ground near the kettle; two small children _（lie）near her; a donkey _（bend）his head over a tall girl.三. 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空： 1. There（be）_some glasses on it. 2. He（go）_to the park every day. 3. My uncle（live）_ in Nanjing now. 4. _ Lucy and Lily（like）_China? 5. Li Lei（not like）_ to drink orange soda. 6. The girl（go）_ home at 4:30 in the afternoon. 7. _ Kate（speak）_ French? Yes, she does. 8. Jim（not ride）_his bike often. 9. If he（be）_ free tomorrow, he（go）_ with us. 10. As soon as they（get）_ there next month, he（call）_me. 11. _Li Mings father（have）_ his lunch at home? 12. Tom（not do）_the morning exercises often. 13. I（be）_ hungry and my sister（be）_ thirsty. 14. The baby（have）_ curly hair. 15. Everybody（have）_ a chance to win. 16. I（clean）_ my room once a week. 17. Nobody（tell）_ them anything. 18. There（be）_ a lot of chicken on the plate. 19. Mr. Li（teach）_ the second grade. 20. The boy（watch）_ TV every evening. 21. Mary（play）_the violin quite well. 22. David（study）_Chinese and I（study）_ English. 23. The game（be）_ interesting. 24. Many children（be）_ on the playground. 25. He（have）_ a good time at your party. 26. I（have）_ a new bicycle. 四. 用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. Tom and his father _（swim）now. 2. Look! They _（run）along the street. 3. We _（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month. 4. What _he _（do）at nine oclock last night? 5. They _（listen）to the music at that time. 6. When the headmaster came in, the students_（read）the text. 7. We _（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang. 8. She _（make）the paper flowers the whole night. 9. A: _ you _（studying）English? B: Yes, I am. 10. Lets go out. It _（not rain）now. 11. Hurry up! Everybody _（wait）for you. 12. A: _（you / listen）to the radio? B: No, You can turn it off. 13. I _（watch）TV at seven oclock yesterday evening. 14. A: What _（you / look）for? B: I _（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it. 15. Look. It _（rain）hard. Well get wet if we go out. 五. 选词填空：（一）选词填空： 1. I _（am, is, was, were）busy last week. 2. Tom and I _（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday. 3. I _（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day. 4. Rose _（does not, didnt, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month） 5. There _（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Mother _（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night. 7. It _（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year. （二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1. My uncle in London _（send）a birthday present to me yesterday. 2. When _（be）you born? 3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he _（phone）me. 4. When I _（knock）at his door, he was cooking. 5. We were watching TV when the light _（go）out. 6. He said he _（not like）maths at all. （三）用括当的词完成下列句子。 1. _you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _it for you. 2. Did Tom _ home at five yesterday? No, he _. He came home at six. 3. What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 5. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 【试题答案】一. 1. A. The sun was shining when we came out.（While sun was shining, we came out.）B. She was studying at college when the war broke out.（While she was studying at college, the war broke out.） C. She was working in a factory when the city was liberated.（While she was working in a factory, the city was liberated.） D. He lost his pen while he was going sightseeing in the city.（When he lost his pen, he was going sightseeing in the city.） 2. A. They were having a dress rehearsal yesterday evening. B. My grandma was visiting my family half an hour ago. C. I was traveling in the south at this time last year. D. They were building a power station at that time. 3. A. It was rather chilly yesterday. The sun was not shining. B. She was ill that day. She was s