初级英语语法.doc

第一章 BE动词的用法1-1 名词+IS+名词：单数名词+ IS+ 名词(a)Canada is a country在(a)中：单数的意思是“一个”Canada为单数名词；is为单数动词；country为单数名词(b)Mexico is a country.在(b)中：a经常用在单词名词前。在此例中，a放在单词名词country前面。a被称作“冠词”。(c)A cat is an animal.a和an意思相同，它们均为冠词，a用在以b, c, d, f, g等辅音开头的单词前。例如：a bad, a cat, a dog, a friend, a girl. An用在以元音开头的单词前。五个元音字母：a. o, e, i, u.例如：an animal, an ear, an island, an office.Exercise 1 Sentence practiceDirections: Complete the sentences. Use an article (a or an)1. horse is animal.2.English is language.3.Tokyo is city.4. Australia is country.5. Red is color.6. dictionary is book.7. hotel is building.8. bear is animal.9. bee is insect.10. ant is insect.Exercise 2. Sentence practice.Directions: Complete the sentences. Use a or an and the words in the list.animal country language city insect sport1. Arabic is .2. Rome is .3.A cat is .4. Tennis is .5. Chicago is .6. Spanish is .7. Mexico is .8. A cow is .9. A fly is .10. Baseball is .11. China is .12. Russian is .Exercise 3 Lets talk: small groups.Directions: Work in small groups. Choose a leader. Only the leaders book is open.Example: a languageLeader: Name a language.Speaker A: English is a language.Speaker B: French is language.Speaker C: Japanese is a language.(Continue until no one can name another language) 1. an animal 2. a color 3. a sport 4. a country 5. an insect 6. a city1-2 名词+are+名词：复数名词+are+名词(a) Cats are animals复数的意思是“两个、三个或更多”。在(a)中：cats为复数名词； are为复数动词； animals为复数名词。(b)单数:a cat, an animal复数: cats, animals复数名词以-s结尾a和an只和单数名词连用(c) 单数：a city, a country 复数：cities, countries一些以-y结尾的单数名词有特殊的复数形式：及去掉-y再加-ies名词 和 名词+ are +名词(d) Canada and China are countries.(e) Dogs and cats are animals两个有and连接的名词后面要有are. 在此例中，Canada 是一个单数名词， China是一个单数名词，它们有and连接在一起后就是复数，表示“不止一个”。Exercise 1 Sentence practiceDirections: Change the singular sentences to plural sentences.Singular plural1. An ant is an insect. Ants are insects. 2. A computer is a machine. 3. A dictionary is a book. 4. A chicken is a bird. 5. A rose is a flower. 6. A carrot is a vegetable. 7. A rabbit is an animal. 8. Egypt is a country. 9. Winter is a season. 10. Summer is a season. Exercise 2 GameDirections: Work in small groups. Example: Teacher: Spanish Group: Spanish is a language.1. A bear. 2. September and October. 3. China.4. An ant 5. Mexico and Canada. 6. Winter and summer.7. London. 8. Arabic. 9. Spri