宾语从句讲解.doc

宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。如：Let me know whether he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态1）当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.2）当主句为过去时的时候：从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.3）如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.4.动词的宾语从句1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 2）运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. 有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语与从句前加it，这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.5、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.6、注意1）宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party. 而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?2）当that分句置于动词后面时，that可有可无，但在下面情况that不能省略：宾语分句前置That George was really afraid, I cant believe.宾语分句被插入语分隔Everyone could see, I believe, that he was terrified.两个宾语分句，第一个是wh-分句，第二个是that分句Everyone could see what was happening and that poor George was really scared.3)人称、时间、地点、动词、情态动词的变化人称：I-he/she my-his/herWe-they our-theirMe/you-him/her mine-his/hersUs-them ours-theirs Myself-himself/herself时间Now-then today-that dayLast night-the night before yesterday-the day before/the previous dayTwo days ago-two days before/earlier this evening-that eveningTomorrow-the next day/the following day地点Here-there this place-that placeThese places-those places动词Come-go bring-take情态动词Can-could will-wouldMay-might shall-shouldExercise:一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1）I know that the young man _(come) to the village every Saturday.2). We have learnt that the earth _(go) around the sun.3) He was afraid that he _(forget) his Chinese.4)I am sure that she _(like ) this book.5)He told me that he _(tell) a story when I came in .6)Could you tell me when you _(leave) England, last summer or last autumn?7)She asked me if she _(can, borrow) the science book.8)I cant remember when he _(come) last night.9)He said he _( fly) to Shanghai .10)She is happy that she _(find) the lost purse .二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.三、选择填空1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris5. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in6. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left7. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen8. I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got9. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter10. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen11. No one tells us_, so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we doC. how to do it D. what to do it12. Could you please teach me _ the computer.A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA.A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has goneC. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _.A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will