宾语从句讲解及练习.doc

初中英语宾语从句专项复习目标：1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌握宾语从句的语序主句+连接词+主语+谓语3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。重点：语序和时态呼应 难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析 考点梳理： 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。也就是充当宾语的是一个完整的句子，有自己的主谓结构。及物动词、介词、形容词之后可以接宾语从句。(宾语就是动作的承受者，分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是事物，间接宾语是人，Tell me the story . 及物动词就是动词后面可以直接跟宾语的动词，也叫作实义动词)例子：我认为看太多电视对我们的健康有害。I think that watching TV too much is bad for our health.我认为读书对我们的学习有好处。那么宾语从句都作哪些词的宾语呢？1. 作及物动词的宾语。大部分宾语从句直接跟在及物动词后。有时动词后先接间接宾语然后再接宾语从句。如：I dont know where he has gone.He told us that the reform of the government was necessary.（us为间接宾语）2. 作介词的宾语。I am not interested in what he is doing. 我对他做的事不感兴趣。/ He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English. 他将写一本中国人如何学英语的书。和动词后的宾语从句一样，介词的宾语从句直接跟在介词后面。但要注意以下三点：（1）that很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等少数介词后使用。如：Your report is good except that there are some spelling mistakes.（2）其他介词后若需用that从句作宾语，则须用it作形式宾语。如：I will see to it that everything is ready.我会负责把一切准备好。3. 某些形容词后常跟宾语从句。be形容词与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句(这种结构中的“be形容词”可以被视为发挥着及物动词的作用， 其后的从句具有宾语从句的性质)， 例如： Are you certain that youll get there in time? 你有把握及时赶到那里吗？/ He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree. 他很失望没有获得硕士学位。表示知觉、感情等的形容词，如sure, afraid, glad, certain, confident等作表语时，可接that从句作宾语。如：I am sure that we will win.&宾语从句的连接词A：从属连词（在句中不担任成分，只起到连接作用）that if whether(是否) 口语中多用IF（I dont know 在口语中用I wonder ）He knew (that) he should work hardTom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。与or not连用：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）They are talking about whether to go there or not. Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）I dont know whether if he does any washing or notwhether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来B: 连接代词 who(主语) what which whose（定） whomThe teacher asked the new students which class he was in.C：连接副词（作状语）where when why how I wonder where he got so much money.【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序： 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语其他成分）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?() Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( ) The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分) Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔A: 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk. He said that he could finish his work before supperB: 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。用原来的特殊疑问词引导 “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are. Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？三、宾语从句的时态呼应： 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。1、如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语选用相应的任何时态I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了2、如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的I dont know why he refused my invitation.Shell tell me how she spent the night . I thought (that) you are free today. () I thought (that) you would be free today. ( ) 3、如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 四、其他需要说明的问题：1、标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。 I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take? 2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分： 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。 判断方法： 1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。 2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”， 充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候” 3从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。 I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship. An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher. They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend Could you tell me when （什么时候）the train arrives ? Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow. =If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall. They knew each other when（当时候）they were children. =When they were children简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.练习题I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.习题（一）1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled习题（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose习题（三）1. They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing习题（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting