核心词汇突破系列课程-第4节(通版版).doc

31. base/oralOn most days, our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions. (2014.湖南阅读B)大部分日子里，我们的成绩是基于我们对作业问题的口头答案。basebesn. 基础；基地；（棒球）垒 v. 基于拓basic a. 基础的配at the base of 在的基部be based on/upon 以为基础/根据的baseon例Their relationship was based upon mutual respect.他们之间的关系以相互尊重为基础。a novel (which is) based on his lifeBasing his film on the novel, he won great popularity.Ones success is based on how hard he has tried. 一个人的成功基于他的努力程度。（2005 重庆） lie in, consist inoralrla. 口述的，口头上的拓orally ad. 口头上配oral English 英语口语oral exam 口试oral communication 口头交流例Michael was late for Mr. Smiths oral class this morning. 迈克尔今天早上在史密斯先生的口语课上迟到了。（2006 江西）32. complete/usual /according to /calculationThis particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations. (2014.湖南阅读B)在这次特别的时间里，我根据自己的估计完成了一惯的两个或三个问题。completekmplita. 完全的 vt. 完成，结束例I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. 我站在那里简直不敢相信一个完全的陌生人会如此体贴。（2009 浙江）considerate But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. 但是在这个所有人与我完成买卖之前，他的妻子改变主意了，希望能留着它，于是他加价让我返还他的农场。（2008 四川）Sun, sand and romance - her holiday wascomplete.阳光、沙滩加上浪漫的爱情她的假期完美无缺。Their engagement came as acomplete surpriseto me.他们订婚使我感到非常意外。This is acomplete waste of plete with sth装备有某物; 具有某特点: be equipped withThe housecomes complete withswimming pool and sauna.这栋房子配备有游泳池和桑拿浴设备。usualThis shop is open for businessasusualdespite the shortages.尽管商品短缺，这家店还是照常营业了。usual practice It s usual practice to exchange business cards at the beginning of the meeting.习惯；惯例 (ROUTINE)according tokd tprep. 按照，根据拓accordingly ad. 因此；相应；于是例Which of the following is true according to the text? 根据文章，以下哪一个是对的？（2009 山东）Calculationby sbs / some / many calculationsBy some calculations, the population will reach 8 million soon.据一些人估算，人口很快将达到八百万。calculateklkjuletv. 计算，核算，推测calculator 计算器配calculate on/upon 期待，指望例Since the beginning of the spread of AIDS in 1981, about 11.7 million people have died of it. It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2, 3 million people died of it. 自1981年艾滋病开始传播以来，大约有1170万人死于该病。据粗略计算，单1997年就有大约两三百万人死于该病。（2007 湖北）33.characteristic /optimism /alive /remindMy characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteenteaching english. (2013.浙江阅读D)只有当我想到我将从事我十四岁以来的我想做的事情教英语，我特有的乐观才会复活。characteristickrktrstka. 典型的，独特的 n. 特征，特点be characteristic of sth / sb是 的特征；特点；品质:The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.需要交流是人类社会最重要的一个特征。With the hospitality socharacteristicofthese people, they opened their house to over fifty guests.这些人生性好客，他们敞开家门接待了五十多位客人。She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.她说话带着特有的热情。optimism /ptmzm/乐观；乐观主义Judging from/by your examination results, I think you have cause/grounds/reason forcautiousoptimismabout getting a university place.从你的考试成绩来看，我认为你有理由对在大学得到一席位持谨慎的乐观态度。optimisticp.tms.tk乐观的She isoptimisticabouther chances of winning a gold medal.她对赢得金牌很乐观。alivelava. 活着的，存在的拓living a. 活着的配be buried alive 被活埋come alive 睡醒; （地方）变得繁忙，热闹起来，活跃起来; 显得逼真；变得有趣；鲜活起来alive to 认识到例Though a doctor told Karen that she would soon follow her husband into death, she is still alive. 尽管有位医生告诉凯伦她不久就会随她的丈夫死去，但是她现在仍然活着。（2007 湖北）The city centre really comesaliveat the weekend.到了周末，市中心就变得十分热闹。Shes a writer who really knows how to make her characters come alive.她是一位真正懂得如何把人物塑造得栩栩如生的作家。Be aware ofSchools must be alive to technological change.学校必须意识到技术的变化。remindrmandvt. 提醒，使记起构re- （回）+mind （v. 在乎，介意）拓reminder n. 提醒物；提示配remind sb. of 提醒某人remind about 提醒例While reading Platos The Republic, for example, I needed to keep looking at the introduction of the book to remind myself what the text was about. 比如，在阅读柏拉图的理想国时，我需要不停地参阅前言来提醒我这本书到底是说什么内容的。（2007 四川）1比较下面两句：He reminded meto writethe letter.（他有意地或无意地提醒我，叫我写那信。）He reminded meof writing the letter.（他有意地或无意地使我想起写过那信。）2remind 的宾语后面可以接以 that，how 等词引导的从句。例如：He reminded methatI ought to do it at once.和 He reminded mehowcareful I ought to be in doing it.3“某人（A）remind 某人（B）of某人（C）”往往作“A 在外貌上像 C，所以使 B 见了 A 便想起 C”解。例如：You remind meofAddison.（你在外貌上像 Addison，所以使我见了你便想起 Addison。）这用法有时也用在比喻里。例如：He reminded meofa tiger.（他在外貌上像虎，所以使我见了他便想起虎。）reminder/rmand/提醒记忆之物serve/act as a reminderThe cold served as a reminder that winter wasn t quite finished.寒冷提醒人们冬天还没有过去。34. confident /textbook /behaviour /disappear /positive / attentionSo I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behaviour would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.(2013.浙江阅读D)我确实这样做了，正如教科书上所说，当我积极地关注我的学生时，他们的坏的行为会消失。confidentknfdnta. 自信的；确信的形近记忆：confidential a. 秘密的高考考点：be confident of对有自信词汇扩充：confidence n. 信心，自信例句精选：We are confident of success.我们确信会成功。I have complete confidence in you.我对你绝对有信心。Confident 后面接 of 或以 that 引导的从句，不接不定式，如可以说 I am confidentofsuccess（或 succeeding）和 I am confidentthatI shall succeed，不可说 I am confidentto succeed。confidentialknfdenla. 秘密的，机密的例句精选：The information is strictly confidential.这个信息是严格保密的。textbook n.教材 adj.典范的；合乎规范的；典型的 typicalIt was atextbookexampleof how to deal with the problem.这是如何处理此问题的一个范例。behaviour /bhevj/举止；行为1BAD: Such a behaviour can easily cause offence.GOOD: Such behaviour can easily cause offence.Behaviour为不可数名词2BAD: Sometimes Juan has a very strange behaviour.GOOD: Sometimes Juan behaves very strangely.GOOD: Sometimes Juans behaviour is very strange.BAD: There are very few people having such a behaviour.GOOD: Very few people behave in such a way.不要说have+behaviour, 用behaviour+be或behave+ adverbdisappeardspvi. 消失构dis-（否定前缀）+appear （v. 出现）拓appear v. 出现配disappear into the air 不知去向，消失得无影无踪例Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. 事实上，过去的几十年已经见证了森林逐渐消失、全球不断变暖了。（2011 全国）We looked for her but she haddisappearedintothe crowd.我们找寻她，但她已在人群中消失了。positivepztva. 明确的，肯定的，积极的拓negative a. 消极的，负面的 +aboutYouve got to be more positive about your work.你必须更积极地对待自己的工作。positive attitude / approach / outlook etc例Shes got a really positive attitude to life.她对生活抱有非常乐观的态度。the power ofpositive thinking乐观思想的力量Think positive! she advised herself. “往积极的方面想！”她劝自己。Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. 2/3受访的家庭表示他们和宠物猫、宠物狗之间关系良好。（2011 广东）attentiontennn. 注意；注意力；照料构atten(d)（照料）+tion（名词后缀）拓attentively ad. 注意地配pay attention to 注意attract /draw /catch ones attention 引起某人的注意stand to attention 立正bring sth. to ones attention 使某人注意某事distract ones attention from分散注意力例The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. 向蜜鸟发出尖叫，这一声引起了路过的动物和人的注意。（2012 云南）Theyre organizing a campaign todrawpeoplesattentiontothe environmentally harmful effects of using their cars.他们正在组织一场运动，目的是使人们意识到开车对环境造成的危害。35. strict/demanding/fire/inexperienced/observe/exhibitBy the time my boss, who was known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. (2013.浙江阅读D)我的上司，素以严格、苛刻和快速炒缺乏经验的老师的鱿鱼而闻名，走进教室观察我的时候，学生的行为很糟糕，无可称赞的地方。Strictstrkta. 严格的，严密的拓strictly ad. 严格地，确实地配strict control 严格控制strict with sb.对要求严格be strict in sth.对要求严格例However, the popular teacher is at the same time the one who should be strict with students. 然而，受欢迎的老师同时也是对学生要求严格的人。（2006 辽宁）Demanding /dmnd/要求高的；费时费力的a demanding job 费时费力的工作Firefan. 火；火炉；火灾 vi. 开火，开（枪，炮等），开除；射击拓firefighter n. 消防人员fireplace n. 壁炉firewood n. 木柴firework n. 焰火配catch fire 着火set fire to 点燃on fire 烧着be fired (out) 俚被解雇play with fire 玩火，干危险的事例His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time, so he went to the doctor for help. 如果他上班还是迟到的话，老板就会解雇他，所以他去向医生求助。（2011 四川）They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. 它们（指灭火器）必须在发生火灾时能立即投入使用。（2006 安徽）Fire 使充满激情，激发I had a brilliant English teacher whofiredmewithenthusiasm for literature at an early age.我有过一位出色的英语老师，在我很小的时候就激起了我对文学的热情。Talk of treasure and lost cities hadfiredtheirimaginations.这些关于宝藏和失落的城市的传闻让他们浮想联翩。Inexperienced经验不足的，不熟练的:They areinexperiencedwhen it comes to decorating.说到装修，他们就没有什么经验了。Observebzvv. 观察，监视，观测拓observation n. 观察；观察力observer n. 观察者配observe on 谈论observe a rule 遵守规则observe the discipline 遵守纪律例I observed a number of intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a regular class. 我看到一些天才儿童被从特殊班里抽出来安排到了普通班。（2011 广东）People mustobservethe law. Nobody should be an exception.人们必须遵纪守法，谁都不应该例外。1observe（无意间注意到）的宾语后面的不定式没有 to。例如：I observed him go out.但假使把 observe 改作被动语态，那不定式便该有 to。例如：He was observedtogo out.2下面两句意思略有不同：I observed himgoout.（我无意间注意到他出去。）I observed himgoingout.（我无意间注意到他正在出去。）第二句着重在那个人正在出去而恰巧被我看见。exhibitgzbtvt. 展览，陈列，显现 expose-exposure拓exhibition n. 展览，陈列例Shes beginning to exhibit symptoms of stress. 她开始表现出紧张的症状。Heexhibitedgreat self-control considering her rudeness.她那么无礼，他表现得如此克制已经很好了。exhibitioneksbnn. 展览；展览会构exhibit （vt. 展览，陈列，显现）+ -ion（名词词缀）配exhibition centre 展览中心exhibition hall 展览馆例They went to an exhibition of modern art yesterday. 昨天，他们参观了现代美术展览。36. strength/identify / weakness He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.Strengthstren. 力量，力气构str(oe)ng （a. 强）+th（名词后缀）拓strengthless a. 无力量的strengthen vt. 加强，增强配with all ones strength 尽力例Im trying tobuild upmystrength.我在努力增强体力。Be aware of your ownstrengths and weaknesses.要清楚你自己的长处和短处。We need someone who has the inner strength to take on a difficult job.我们需要意志坚强的人来承担重任。(意志力)Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. 渐渐地，桑德斯开始立志锻炼身体，增加他的速度和力量。（2006 浙江）strengthenstrenvt. 加强，增强构strength （n. 力量，力气）+en（动词后缀）拓weaken v. 削弱例strengthen sths ties / bonds / links etcThe university hopes to strengthen its ties with the local community.这所大学希望加强和当地社区的联系。The organizations aim is tostrengthenthe cultural ties between Britain and Germany.这个机构的宗旨是加强英德两国的文化联系。It strengthens ones ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quality of data. 它可以增强一个人解决问题的能力，沟通的能力，梳理各种想法和问题的能力，说服的能力，在大量数据中获取最重要信息的能力。（2007 江西）identify aden.t.fa 认出，识别; 确定；发现You need toidentifyyour priorities.你需要确定自己优先要做的事情。identify with sb与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情sympathize with:I didnt enjoy the book because I couldnt identify with any of the main characters.我不喜欢这本书,因为我无法与其中的任何主要角色产生共鸣。weakness wiknsn. 软弱；弱点构weak （a. 差的，弱的）+ -ness （名词后缀，表“性质，状态”）拓strength n. 力量；优点配have a weakness for 迷恋，无法抗拒strengths and weaknesses 优缺点例In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. 在动物王国，软弱会招致其他动物的攻击。（2011 全国）37. express/emotion/satisfaction/recordI did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from my experiences recorded on paper. (2013.湖北阅读A)expresskspresvt. 表达；表示 n. 快车，特快专递构ex（前缀，“外，外部”）+press （v. 压，挤）express（由“挤出外面”引申为“表达”）拓expression n. 表达；表情expressive a. 表达的；富于表情的配express oneself 表达自己的思想（感情，意见）air express 特快空运；空运邮件例For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. 一个领导要道歉的话，需要一个很好很强大的理由。（2011 江苏）expressionksprenn. 表达；词句；说法；表情构express （v. 表达）+(s)ion（名词后缀）拓expressional a. 表现的，表情的expressionless a. 无表情的，缺乏表情的配beyond expression 无法形容，难以表达facial expression 面部表情give expression to 陈述（表达出）例Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. 面部表情所传达的意义由（所处的）形式和（对话双方的）关系决定。（2012 全国）Emotionmnn. 感情，情绪，激情例Our faces show emotions, but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. 我们脸部能显示感情，但我们不应以“解读”自己文化中的人的面部表情的方式去“解读”另一种文化中的人。（2012 全国）emotionalmnla. 情感的，情绪的例Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life. 学业很重要。但如果你没有情商，那么在职场和情场你将不会成功。（2012 北京）satisfactionstsfknn. 满意构satisf(y) （v. 满意）+action （名词后缀）satisfaction n. 满意拓satisfactory a. 满意的，赎罪的配feel satisfaction at 对感到满意find satisfaction in 对感到满意with satisfaction 满意地例Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction. 莎伦满意地看着那幅已画完的油画。（2012 全国）She derived/obtained greatsatisfactionfrom/out ofhelping other people.她帮助别人，从中获得无比的满足。satisfystsfavt. 满足，使满意构satis（拉丁词根表示足够）+fy（动词后缀）拓satisfied a. 感到满意的satisfying a. 令人满足的，令人满意的satisfy sbs needs / demands / desiresThe program is designed to satisfy the needs of adult learners.这一课程是为满足成年学习者的需要而设计的。I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. 我有足够的积蓄放一年的假不工作，我决定设法满足内心的渴望来写一本小说。（2012 四川）satisfiedstsfada. 满足的，满意的构satisf(y) （vt. 满足，使满意）+(i)ed （形容词后缀）配be satisfied with 对感到满意例If not satisfied, return everything within 10 days, and then youll get your money back and there will be no further obligation. 若不满意，十日之内一切商品均可退货，您无需承担更多责任就可拿回退款。（2005 辽宁）recordrkdv. 录制，记录rekdn. 记录；唱片拓recording a. 记录的；记录用的配break the/a record 打破纪录hold record 保持纪录on the record 记录在案的，公开发布的record holder 纪录保持者例Do you mind if I record your lecture? 你介意我录下你的演讲吗？（2008 江苏）She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records. 她已经六次赢得了伦敦轮椅马拉松，超过了其他任何竞争对手，而且她还创造了三十多项世界纪录。（2008 福建）recorderrkdn. 录音机构record （n. 纪录；唱片 v. 录制，记录）+ -er （名词后缀）38. treasure/symbol/appreciation/pride/matchTo me, it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (2013.湖北阅读B)treasuretren. 金银财宝，财富拓treasurable a. 可珍爱的，可珍藏的配treasure hunt 寻宝priceless treasure 无价之宝例I shall alwaystreasurethosememoriesof her.我会一直珍藏对她的回忆。By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past,archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures. 通过告知公众水下“博物馆”的过去和了解其重要性，考古学家们希望得到法律的支持来保护水下宝藏。（2006 重庆）symbolsmbln. 象征，符号拓symboliz(s)e vi. 采用象征；使用符号；作为的象征例Of all systems of symbols (符号), language is the most highly developed. 在所有的系统符号中，语言是最高度发展的。（2005 北京）Knowing our products are symbols of social change is really encouraging. 得知我们的产品是社会变革的象征，实在令人鼓舞。（2009 浙江）Appreciationappreciatepriietvt. 赏识，欣赏；感激；重视配appreciate doing sth. 感激做了某事Id really appreciate it. 我很感激。appreciate for sth. 为而感激例It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 最近当我重新读了他的诗后我开始欣赏这些诗的美了。（2008 陕西）Its a city from many places, and a multicultural marketplace will help Torontonians to understand and appreciate the rich variety of cultural groups in our city. 它是由多个地方组成的城市，多元文化市场可以帮助多伦多人理解、感激我们城市文化的丰富多样化。（2005 山东）appreciationpriienn. 欣赏，鉴赏，感谢构appreciat(e)（v. 赏识，欣赏）+ -ion（名词后缀）配self appreciation 自我欣赏例As he grew older, his appreciation of art grew. 随着年龄的增长，他对艺术的鉴赏力也提高了。Children rarely show anyappreciationof/forwhat their parents do for them.孩子对父母为自己所做的一切鲜少表现出感激之情。Pridepradn. 自豪，骄傲拓proud a. 骄傲的，自豪的配take pride in 以自豪put ones pride in ones pocket 忍辱负重例One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing ones sense of pride and self-dependence. 一个人可以贫穷，但绝不能失去自尊和自立。（2005 江西）matchmtvt. 使相配，使成对 n. 比赛，竞赛；火柴配match against/with 使与相竞争例At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watch the 90-minute football match. 一开始，我不太情愿坐下来观看长达90分钟的足球比赛。（2005 浙江）You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. 你可以从他们脸上稍带困惑的表情看出，这个地方跟地图上显示的完全不匹配。（2009 福建）39. memorize/wheneverI usually memorize twenty words a day and put them to use whenever possible.(2010江苏写作)Memorizememrazv. 记住；熟记构memory （n. 回忆，记忆）+ -ize （动词后缀）拓memorization n. 记住，默记配memorize words 记单词memorize ones part 记住某角色的台词例If you memorize a poem, you can say it without looking at a book. 你若记住一首诗，不看书就能脱口而出。wheneverwenevconj. 每当，无论何时构when （conj. 当的时候 ad. 什么时候）+ever （ad. 到底，曾经）拓anytime ad. 任何时候，总是，无例外地，在任何时候配or whenever 或者任何时候whenever possible/necessaryUse fresh vegetables whenever possible. 只要可能尽量用新鲜蔬菜。Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxide level. 科学家发现，无论何时冰冻记录里温度上升，二氧化碳水平也会上升。（2005 天津）40. explain /basic/ principle/ simple/ arouse/ curiosity/ discovery/ scientificUsually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way and can arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.(2014浙江写作)explain ksplenvt. 解释，说明拓explanation n. 解释，说明配explain to 向解释，说明explain yourself 说明自己的意思例How can I explain to my parents that I need some free time? 我怎么跟我的父母解释我需要空余时间呢？（2008 浙江）1explain 用在以 that 引导的从句前面作“说（作为说明）”解，并没有“说出的原因”的意思，如 He explained that he could not come 是“他说他不能来”。不是“他说出他不能来的原因”。 2explain 不可有双宾语，如不可说 He explained me all those words 或 He explained me that he could not come。这两句都该在 me 前面加上 to。explanationeksplnenn. 解释，说明构explain （vt. 解释，说明）+ -ation（名词词缀）拓explain vt. 解释，说明例While space may hold many wonders a