已阅读5页,还剩93页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
Unit6 FraudandAcademicDishonesty 1 Inthisunit youwilllearnabouttheconcepts academicintegrity and academicdishonesty research Dr HwangWooSuk ontheInternetandfindreliableinformation learnwords expressions andsentencepatternsrelatedtothethemeandusetheminwritingandspeech learnstrategiessuchaslisteningforemphasis listening guessingwordmeaningsfromlexicalclues reading givingevidenceforarguments discussing andachievingcoherence writing etc giveanoralpresentationonanassignedtopictotheclass 2 BackgroundInformation ApproachingtheTopic ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercises 3 BackgroundInformation aboutAcademicIntegrity theHealthpartnersResearchFoundation HwangWooSuk theCommitteeonPublicationEthics Science Nature 4 aboutAcademicIntegrity Integritywithoutknowledgeisweakanduseless andknowledgewithoutintegrityisdangerousanddreadful SamuelJohnsonThefunctionofeducation therefore istoteachonetothinkintensivelyandtothinkcritically Buteducationwhichstopswithefficiencymayprovethegreatestmenacetosociety Themostdangerouscriminalmaybethemangiftedwithreason butwithnomorals Wemustrememberthatintelligenceisnotenough Intelligencepluscharacter thatisthegoaloftrueeducation MartinLutherKing Jr 5 HwangWooSukisaSouthKoreanveterinarianandresearcher HewasaprofessoroftheriogenologyandbiotechnologyatSeoulNationalUniversity dismissedonMarch20 2006 whobecameinfamousforfabricatingaseriesofexperiments whichappearedinhigh pro inthefieldofstemcellresearch UntilNovember2005 hewasconsideredoneofthepioneeringexpertsinthefield bestknownfortwoarticlespublishedinthejournalSciencein2004and2005wherehereportedtohavesucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning Hewascalledthe PrideofKorea inSouthKorea OnMay12 2006 Hwangwaschargedwithembezzlementandbioethicslawviolationsafteritemergedmuchofhisstemcellresearchhadbeenfaked TheKoreaTimesreportedonJune10 2007 thatSeoulNationalUniversityfiredhim andtheSouthKoreangovernmentcanceledhisfinancialsupportandbarredhimfromengaginginstemcellresearch HwangWooSuk 6 HealthPartnersisanintegrated nonprofithealthcareproviderlocatedinBloomington Minnesotaofferingcare coverage researchandeducationtoitsmembers patientsandthecommunity HealthPartnerswasfoundedin1957asGroupHealth aconsumer governednonprofithealthplanwithaboardofdirectorsmadeupofitsownmembersandpatients In1992 GroupHealthmergedwithMedCentersHealthPlan andtogethertheyformedHealthPartners Inlate2012itwasannouncedthatHealthPartnerswouldmergewithParkNicolletHealthServicesofSt LouisParkonJanuary1 2013followingfederalapproval theHealthpartnersResearchFoundation 7 Science alsowidelyreferredtoasScienceMagazine istheacademicjournaloftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience AAAS andisoneoftheworld stopscientificjournals Thepeer reviewedjournal firstpublishedin1880 iscirculatedweeklyandhasaprintsubscriberbaseofaround130 000 Becauseinstitutionalsubscriptionsandonlineaccessservealargeraudience itsestimatedreadershipis570 400people Themajorfocusofthejournalispublishingimportantoriginalscientificresearchandresearchreviews butSciencealsopublishesscience relatednews opinionsonsciencepolicyandothermattersofinteresttoscientistsandotherswhoareconcernedwiththewideimplicationsofscienceandtechnology Unlikemostscientificjournals whichfocusonaspecificfield ScienceanditsrivalNaturecoverthefullrangeofscientificdisciplines AccordingtotheJournalCitationReports Science s2012impactfactorwas31 027 Science 8 Natureisaprominentinterdisciplinaryscientificjournal Itwasfirstpublishedon4November1869 Itwasrankedtheworld smostcitedbytheScienceEditionofthe2010JournalCitationReportsandiswidelyregardedasoneofthefewremainingacademicjournalsthatpublishoriginalresearchacrossawiderangeofscientificfields Natureclaimsareadershipofabout424 000totalreaders Thejournalhasacirculationofaround53 000butstudieshaveconcludedthatonaverageasinglecopyissharedbyasmanyas8people Nature 9 Researchscientistsaretheprimaryaudienceforthejournal butsummariesandaccompanyingarticlesareintendedtomakemanyofthemostimportantpapersunderstandabletoscientistsinotherfieldsandtheeducatedgeneralpublic Towardsthefrontofeachissueareeditorials newsandfeaturearticlesonissuesofgeneralinteresttoscientists includingcurrentaffairs sciencefunding business scientificethicsandresearchbreakthroughs Therearealsosectionsonbooksandarts Theremainderofthejournalconsistsmostlyofresearchpapers articlesorletters whichareoftendenseandhighlytechnical Becauseofstrictlimitsonthelengthofpapers oftentheprintedtextisactuallyasummaryoftheworkinquestionwithmanydetailsrelegatedtoaccompanyingsupplementarymaterialonthejournal swebsite Nature 10 TheCommitteeonPublicationEthics COPE isanonprofitorganizationwhosemissionistodefinebestpracticeintheethicsofscholarlypublishingandtoassisteditors publishers etc toachievethis COPEprovidesadvicetoeditorsandpublishersonallaspectsofpublicationethicsand inparticular howtohandlecasesofresearchandpublicationmisconduct Italsoprovidesaforumforitsmemberstodiscussindividualcases meetingfourtimesayearvirtuallyandatothermeetingsaroundtheworld COPEdoesnotinvestigateindividualcasesbutencourageseditorstoensurethatcasesareinvestigatedbytheappropriateauthorities usuallyaresearchinstitutionoremployer COPEalsooffersandeLearningcourse fundsresearchonpublicationethics publishesamonthlyeNewsletter COPEDigest PublicationEthicsinPractice andorganisesannualseminarsaroundtheworld theCommitteeonPublicationEthics 11 retractv topull something backintosomethinglargerthatusuallycoversite g Thepilotretractedtheplane slandinggear n retractionimpactn theactorforceofonethinghittinganothere g Thesewarningshavebeenheardsooftenthattheyhavelosttheirimpact resignationn anactofgivingupajoborpositioninaformalorofficialwaye g Themanagerreceivedresignationsfromthreemembersofthestaff v resign ApproachingtheTopicReading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 12 detrimentaladj causingdamageorinjurye g Therewereseriousconcernsthatthefactory swastewasdetrimentaltothelocalenvironment taintv tomake something dangerousordirtyespeciallybyaddingsomethingharmfulorundesirabletoite g Criticismofhersister ssingingthatwastaintedbyenvy bottleneckn asectionofroadorhighwaywherethetrafficmovesveryslowlye g BridgeconstructionhascreatedabottleneckonthesouthernpartofMainStreet Reading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 13 fabricatev tocreateormakeup something suchasastory inordertotrickpeoplee g Theirplanistofabricatethehouseoutofsyntheticmaterials fraudn thecrimeofusingdishonestmethodstotakesomethingvaluablefromanotherpersone g Hewasfoundguiltyofbankfraud modifyv tochangesomepartsof something whilenotchangingotherpartse g Wecanhelpyoumodifyanexistinghomeorbuildanewone n modification Reading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 14 cherry pickingn topickoracceptthebestpeopleorthingsinagroupe g Hollywood sbiggeststarscancherry pickthebestprojectsanddirectors selectivelyadv carefullychooseonlythebestpeopleorthingse g Theadvertisementselectivelytargetsmenbetweentheagesof18and24 v selectacquisitionn somethingorsomeoneacquiredorgainede g Thebigcompany snewestacquisitionisasmallchainofclothingstores Reading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 15 admittedlyadv ashasbeenormustbeadmittede g Admittedly Ishouldnothavelostmytemperlikethat v admitconstraintn somethingthatlimitsorrestrictssomeoneorsomethinge g Lackoffundinghasbeenamajorconstraintonthebuilding sdesign v constrainmolecularadj oforrelatingtoindividualorsmallcomponentse g Shestudiedmolecularbiologyincollege Reading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 16 narrativen astorythatistoldorwrittene g Heiswritingadetailednarrativeofhislifeontheisland v narratestraddlev tositorridewithalegoneithersideof something e g Themoviestraddlestoomanygenres sloppyadj notcarefulorneat showingalackofcare attention orefforte g Yourworkhasbeenverysloppylately erroneousadj notcorrecte g Anewsarticleaboutthenewvirusthatwasfilledwithmucherroneousinformation Reading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 17 discernibleadj todetectwiththeeyese g Herfacewasbarelydiscernibleinthegloom v discernintentn thethingthatyouplantodoorachieve anaimorpurposee g ShethinksI mtryingtomakethingsdifficultforher butthat snotmyintent deficiencyn alackofsomethingthatisneeded thestateofnothavingenoughofsomethingnecessarye g Thebook smajordeficiencyisitspoorplot adj deficient Reading1 LanguagePoints ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 18 1 Whyhavesomanypapersbeenretractedfromhighimpactjournals Becausethepressureofanincreasinglycompetitiveresearchenvironmentcanleadtoscientificmisconduct 2 Whyshouldwecombatscientificmisconduct Becausemisconductisdetrimentaltoscientificprogressinmanyways ApproachingtheTopicTask1 ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 19 3 Whatdoesthemeta analysispublishedin2009covering18fraudsurveysimply Itsuggeststhatscientificmisconductmaybemorecommonthanwesuspect 4 Inwhatsituationaredeficienciesresultingfrompoorexperimentaldesignandinadequatelycontrolledorstatisticallyquestionableexperimentsconsideredmisconduct Ifthereisdiscernibleintenttodeceive ApproachingtheTopicTask1 ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 20 1 misconduct2 retract3 detrimental4 taint5 fraudulent6 fabricate7 cherry picking8 coverage ApproachingtheTopicTask2 e unacceptableorbadbehaviourbysomeoneinapositionofauthorityorresponsibility h takebackanofferorstatement etc oradmitthatastatementwasfalse m causingharmordamage k affectwithabadorundesirablequality n dishonestandillegal i inventorproducesomethingfalseinordertodeceive b selectivelychoosing themostbeneficialorprofitableitems opportunities etc fromwhatisavailable a thereportingofaparticularimportanteventorsubject ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 21 9 set up10 constraint11 massaging12 straddle13 sloppy14 discernible15 deficiency ApproachingtheTopicTask2 o thewayinwhichthingsareorganizedorarranged l stateofnothaving ornothavingenough ofsomethingthatisneeded c manipulating factsorfigures togiveamoreacceptableresult f tostretchacrosssomethingorexistonbothsidesofsomething d notdonecarefullyorthoroughly g perceptible j weaknessorimperfection ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 22 1 ThecloningresearcherWoo SukHwangwasaccusedofthreeoffencestoday 12May 2 TheSeoulCentralDistrictprosecutor sofficeinSouthKoreachargedWoo SukHwangwithsecretlytakingKRW2 8billionandusingthefundstopurchaseacarforhimselfandgiftsforfamilymembers 3 FiveotherresearchersonHwang steamwerealsochargedwithvariousoffences ApproachingtheTopicTask4 False False True ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 23 AGermanuniversityhaswithdrawnthedoctoraldegreeoftheformerBellLabsscientistwhoclaimedaseriesofresearchbreakthroughs thenwasfiredtwoyearsagowhenitwasdiscoveredthathehadmanipulateddataandfabricatedresults Thephysicist J HendrikSch n 33 didnotcommitanacademicoffenceinhisdoctoralresearchattheUniversityofKonstanz aninvestigationtherefoundlastyear ButonFriday theuniversitysaidithadalegalrighttowithdrawadegreewhentherecipientbehaved unworthily ofit Thatwasinterpretedhereinthecontextofscience saidDr WolfgangDieterich chairmanofthephysicsdepartmentatKonstanz ApproachingtheTopicTask5 1 2 3 4 ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 24 Mr Sch n aresearchscientistatBellLabs LucentTechnologies researcharminMurrayHill N J wasanauthororco authorofmorethan70scientificpapersonanarrayofsupposeddiscoveries likenewsuperconductorsandtiny molecular scaletransistors Thetransistorsappearedparticularlyexcitingbecausetheyseemedtoworkthesamewaycurrentsilicontransistorsdo suggestingthatthetechnologycouldbestraightforwardlytransferredtocomputerchips Otherswereunabletoreproduceanyofthefindings Then inMay2002 outsidescientistsdiscoverednearlyidenticalgraphsinseveralofMr Sch n spapers eventhoughtheysupposedlyrepresenteddifferentdatafromdifferentexperiments Fourmonthslater aninvestigatorypanelledbyDr MalcolmR Beasley aprofessorofappliedphysicsatStanford foundthatMr Sch nhadmanipulatedorfabricateddatain17papers BellLabsfiredMr Sch nandthepublishedpaperswerewithdrawn ApproachingtheTopicTask5 5 6 7 ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 25 Mr Sch napologizedformistakesbutinsistedthatthefindingswerereal Soonafterhewasfired KonstanzassembledacommitteetoexamineMr Sch n sthesisresearchonsolarcells Dr Dieterich whowasnotpartofthatinvestigation saidthecommitteefoundinstancesofmislabeledgraphsand somesmoothingofdata whichwasnotexplained ButDr Dieterichsaid Onecouldnotdrawtheconclusionthatintentionallythingshavebeenpresentedinawrongway andthecommitteedidnotaccuseMr Sch nofmisconduct TheKonstanzphysicsdepartmentthenbeganitsreview ItaskedMr Sch ntoparticipate buttheonlyreplywasaletterfromhislawyer Dr Dieterichsaid addingthathewouldnotsaywhatwasintheletter ApproachingtheTopicTask5 8 9 10 ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 26 1 Whatdothepassageandnewsshare Academicdishonesty 2 Dr Hwang steamclaimedtohavedoneresearchinthecontroversialfieldofcloning What syourviewonhumancloningresearch 3 What syouropinionontheinvestigatorypanelthatclearedMr Sch n 4 Whatcouldbethepotentialbenefitsofscientificmisconduct 5 Whatarethepotentialnegativeinfluencesofscientificmisconduct ApproachingtheTopicTask7 ReadingabouttheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 27 scandaln anoccurrenceinwhichpeopleareshockedandupsetbecauseofbehaviorthatismorallyorlegallywronge g Therewasamajorscandalinvolvingthemayor stieswiththeMob outstripv tobeorbecomebetter greater orlargerthan someoneorsomething e g Thenewhoteloutstripsallotherhotelsintheareainsizeandluxury peern apersonwhobelongstothesameagegrouporsocialgroupassomeoneelsee g Hewasrespectedandadmiredbyhispeers ReadingabouttheTopicReading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 28 replicationn ananswertoareplye g We llneedtodoareplicationofthatexperimentsowecancollectmoredata malfeasancen illegalordishonestactivityespeciallybyapublicofficialoracorporatione g Theinvestigationhasuncoveredevidenceofcorporatemalfeasance suspicionn afeelingthatsomeoneispossiblyguiltyofacrimeorofdoingsomethingwronge g Ithoughtthewatermightbemakingussick andmysuspicionswereconfirmedbythelabtests Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 29 swirlv tomoveincirclesortocause something tomoveincirclese g Thewaterswirledaroundthedrain outdov todobetterthan someoneorsomething tobemoresuccessfulthan someoneorsomething e g Smallercompaniesoftenoutdolargeronesincustomerservice rivaln apersonorthingthattriestodefeatorbemoresuccessfulthananothere g Theteamshavebeenlongtimerivals Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 30 embryon ahumanoranimalintheearlystagesofdevelopmentbeforeitisborn hatched etc e g Theunbornchildatthisjunctureisknownasanembryoandisextremelysmall hailn precipitationintheformofsmallballsorlumpsusuallyconsistingofconcentriclayersofcleariceandcompactsnowe g Hegavethemhailforrain andflamingfireintheirland lapsev anoccurrenceinwhichyoufailtothinkoractintheusualorproperwayforabrieftimeandmakeamistakee g Heblamedtheerroronaminormentallapse Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 31 accusev toblame someone forsomethingwrongorillegal tosaythatsomeoneisguiltyofafaultorcrimee g Shewasaccusedoflyingontheemploymentapplication impoundv touselegalpowerstogetandhold something e g Thepoliceimpoundedhercarbecauseitwasillegallyparked adherev tosticktosomething toattachfirmlytosomethinge g Tpleteandtotale g Iwassurprisedbytheiroutrightrejectionoftheidea Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 32 respondentn apersonwhogivesaresponseoranswertoaquestionthatisaskedespeciallyaspartofasurveye g Amajorityofrespondentssaidtheydisagreedwiththemayor splan engagev tohire someone toperformaparticularservice topayfor help services etc e g Hewasengagedasatutor burstintov tosuddenlybegintomakeasound especiallytostartsinging cryingorlaughinge g Theaudienceburstintoapplause Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 33 deliberateadj tothinkaboutordiscusssomethingverycarefullyinordertomakeadecisione g Thejurydeliberatedfortwodaysbeforereachingaverdict castoutv toforcesomeoneorsomethingtogoawaye g Theytriedtocastoutthespiritsfromthehauntedhouse cardiologyn thestudyoftheheartandofdiseasesthataffectthehearte g Heisadoctorwhospecializesincardiology credibilityn thequalityofbeingbelievedoracceptedastrue real orhoneste g Thenewevidencelendscredibilitytotheirtheory adj credible Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 34 bleakadj withoutanythingmakeyoufeelcheerfulorhopefule g Withnomoneyandnojob myprospectsseemedbleak prestigiousadj havingprestigee g Thereisanutritionalstudythathasbeenpublishedbyaprestigiousmedicaljournal n prestigeunderscorev toemphasize something orshowtheimportanceof something e g Thesefailuresunderscorethedifficultyofwhatwe reattemptingtodo Reading2 LanguagePoints ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 35 Reading2 TextAnalysis ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 36 1 What sthemainideaofthearticle Thecasesofscientificmisconducthaveincreased whichhighlightstheneedforbettersafeguardsagainstscientificmisconduct 2 Whatcomposethetriplesafetynettobaracademicdishonestyandbadresearch Peerreview therefereesystemandreplication 3 WhathastheUnitedStatesdoneoverthelasttwodecadestocombatscientificmisconduct Inadditiontothetriplesafetynet theUnitedStateshasaddedextraprotections includingnewlawsandgovernmentinvestigativebodies ReadingabouttheTopicTask3 ApproachingtheTopic ExploringtheTopic IntegratedExercise 37 4 WhatoncemadeDr Hwanganationalhero Histeamclaimedtohaveextractedstemcellsfromclonedhumanembryosand
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 酒店行业简短分析
- 酒店加盟行业分析
- 公司督察工作总结
- 避免外伤的护理措施
- 速冻行业渠道分析
- 通讯行业swot分析
- 通信行业欠费分析
- 农村小学的调查报告
- 交通管理员年终工作总结汇报
- 关于“扶志”在脱贫成果巩固中的作用的思考
- 用人单位职业病危害风险分级管控体系细则( DB37T 2973—2017)
- 妇科绝经前后诸证更年期综合征诊疗方案试行版
- 五年级下册第五单元《图形的运动》旋转的教学设计
- 给水设计之混凝池沉淀池
- 2021年初中物理竞赛及自主招生专题讲义第四讲光现象初步第四节透镜与透镜成像含解析
- 食堂原辅料采购流程及验收标准
- 超市新商品分类表
- 11铸造企业双预防体系应急处置卡
- 球罐施工技术方案(完整版)
- 珍惜水资源ppt汇编
- 关于教职工编制中存在的问题及建议
评论
0/150
提交评论