2016-2017高考英语复习 主谓一致 讲解与练习.doc

主谓一致1. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 【注意】 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books. What I say and do has nothing to do with you. a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine. The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon. 如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数： a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语 a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语 The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people. The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love. 有些用and连接起来的单数名词，关系密切，已被看成一个整体，作主语时，谓语单词用单数knife and fork 刀叉 needle and thread 针线 bread and butter 面包和黄油 fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条 the stars and stripes 星条旗Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England. The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A. 主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:The factory with all its equipment has been burnt. The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight. The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident. 由any, some, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Everybody is doing his best. There is nothing you can do to help. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：He who laughs last laughs best.试比较：He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式, 这些词有army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：The graduating class is in the laboratory. The class were all cheerful.A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win. The team were talking over some new plans. 【注意】people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数: The police are looking for the lost child. 1. Between the two roads _ (stand) a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.2. Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, _ (go) to France?-Really? No wonder I havent seen him these days.3. There _ (be) a pair of trousers on the bed.4. _ and _ are going abroad next Thursday? Which of the following is wrong?A. The father; son B. The singer; dancer C.A singer; a dancer D. He; I 5. A _ and _ has been bought for you. Which of the following is wrong?A. gold watch; chain B. knife; fork C. desk; but D. pen; pencil6. Every student and every teacher _ (attend) the meeting.7. The New York Times _(read) all over the United States. 8. I think Tom, rather than you, _(be) to blame.9. The speakers at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person_ (be) almost infinite. 10. My family _(be) large and my family _(enjoy) reading. 11. Only one of the students who _(be) present _(be) to speak at the meeting. 2. 逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。） what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Which is you favorite subject? Which are your favorite subjects?All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念单数：Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is too much to pay for the shirt. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. The good are well rewarded, and the bad punished. 【练一练】12. The rich _(be) not always happy. 13. What she left me _(be) a few old books.14. Ten minutes _(be) an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. 15. The Philippines _(consist包括) of more than 7,000 islands. 3. 就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。 or; eitheror; neither nor; whetheror; not only but alsoGeorge or I am wrong.Either John or his friends are to blame for the bad results.Neither my brother nor I am going to the summer camp. Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to the party. there be There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty girls and only one boy in our class.16. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _（be） tired of having one examination after another. 17. Either the teachers or the president _（attend） the meeting. 18. The manager or his secretary _（be） to give you an interview. 19. Neither of your suggestions _（make） sense. 表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式1. “many a / more than one + 单数名词” 作主语时，谓语用单数：Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition. 2. 表示鸟兽鱼群的词, 如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish等作主语，谓语用单数：A flock of birds is circling overhead. 3. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the percentage of, 分数词 + of, a quantity of, quantities of 作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifths of the money is mine. Two-fifths of the students in the class are from English-speaking countries.There was quantities of rain this fall.【练一练】20. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. （be）21. The number of people invited _ fifty; but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. （be）22. Many a child _ （learn）to walk before he can speak. 23. More than one girl _ （be）late for class this morning. 24. The population of China _ over 1,200 million and eighty percent of the population _ peasants.（be）1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ （be）visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. 2. This special strain of rice _ one-third more of the crop in the same field. A. makes possible to produceB. makes it possible to produceC. make possible producingD. make it possible producing3.