传媒和传媒人的素养之我见——小悦悦事件.doc

传媒和传媒人的素养之我见小悦悦事件一、 对小悦悦事件的看法在佛山发生了小悦悦事件，事件的发生除了令人愤慨之外，由于媒体曝光后善心人士的捐助，也令人唏嘘。如果说2008年的四川大地震令世人看到中国人美好人性的一面，现在的小悦悦事件，却让世人看到中国人人性丑陋的一面。看过小悦悦被车碾的视频后，我真的非常的气氛，如果说第一次碾过是由于意外导致的，但是接着再碾第二下这又是怎么一回事呢？只能说这司机太冷血了，应该受到道德的眼里谴责和法律的严惩。假想第一次碾过之后能够及时的拨打急救电话，又或者路人发现情况后能够及时的送往医院，我想小悦悦的情况比现在肯定要好。对于这件事情我本来是非常失望的，其中包括司机的冷血和前18位路人的无情，但现在我却心里感到了一丝的安慰了，自从小悦悦的时间被报道之后，很多好心人都赶来医院看望她以及她的家人，给他们送去了祝福和资金，从这看来好心人还是很多的。对于这次事件，我有以下几点看法：第一，加强对公民的道德素质教育。尊老爱幼和助人为乐都是中华民族的传统美德，我们应该在全社会范围内继续弘扬这种好的传统，给未来的一代做好榜样。社会上以前是出现过一些有损感情的事情，如钓鱼执法、搀扶老人反被告的一些现象，但我们不能因噎废食，如果大家都这么想，那以后将是一个什么样的社会。第二、加强普法意识宣传。当前中国在建设法治国家上投入了巨大精力，但还得继续努力，加强普法的力度与广度，尤其是要加大在基层的普法力度，让广大底层人民也能够学法，懂法和用法，假设那位撞人的司机具有一定的法律意识，那么他就应该不会逃逸，而是想办法如何救人，承担起该负的责任。第三，加强制度的完善。当记者采访者为撞人的司机时，司机说了这样的一席话：“假如这个小孩没被撞死的话，有可能在治疗上回花掉自己几十万，而撞死了几万就可以了。”从这我们可以看出，当前中国的制度设计确实存在一些问题，相关部门应该找出制度的漏洞，提高违法犯罪的成本，我想他们就不会有这种愚蠢的想法了。如今，只望肇事司机得到应有的惩罚，希望类似小悦悦事件不再发生。二、相关事件的报道这件事，影响之广，不仅仅在佛山、在广东、在全国，还传到了海外华人那里，更甚至，美国、日本、韩国也有很多媒体分析报道这件事。 一下是几篇相关事件报道：【1】美国报道Bystanders Neglect of Injured Toddler Sets Off Soul-Searching on Web Sites in China2011年10月18日 来源：The New York Times 作者： MICHAEL WINES BEIJING Last Thursday, a van navigating the narrow streets of a hardware market in Foshan, in the southern province of Guangdong, struck and ran over a 2-year-old girl. The driver paused, then drove away. A surveillance camera showed that the toddler lay grievously injured for seven minutes, ignored by at least 18 passers-by, while a second vehicle ran over the child and drove on. A 57-year-old rag collector finally went to her aid. The next day an apparently suicidal woman jumped into a lake in Hangzhou, a city southwest of Shanghai, and began flailing helplessly. A woman widely reported to be an American threw off her coat, swam the 65 feet to the drowning woman and expertly hauled her to shore. And then, seeing she was safe, the rescuer left without giving her name. Neither episode is necessarily representative: many Chinese do help those in dire straits, and, obviously, Americans do not always come to the rescue. But thousands of microbloggers in China have used the juxtaposition of callousness and heroism to fuel a wrenching debate over whether people in their country lack compassion and, if so, why. It is the sort of national conversation, increasingly common now, that did not exist before in a land where the printed press and broadcast media largely remain controlled by a Communist Party more interested in directing public opinion than in reflecting on the national mood. “What kind of nation is this?” asked one microblogger who called himself Patton Yu. “It doesnt matter if an individuals nature is good or bad, its the system that has made us deteriorate.” Said one commentator about the Hangzhou rescue: “Yesterday Obama had a beer with out-of-work construction workers. Today, I see a story about an American tourist jumping into the water to save someone. I finally realized why America is such a strong country and will continue to be one.” By Tuesday, more than 9.3 million people had posted comments on the toddlers accident on Sinas Weibo, the leading microblog, or Tencent Holdings QQ service. Chinese reports on Monday quoted doctors as saying that if the child survived, she was likely to remain in a vegetative state for the remainder of her life. Far fewer commented on the Hangzhou rescue in the scores of thousands but those who did raised the same ethical concerns about going or not going to the aid of a fellow Chinese. In an unscientific online survey conducted by the Web site an arm of the independent Hong Kong-based Phoenix Television some 170,000 respondents, who voted on their own initiative, judged by a wide margin that the toddlers case was proof that the Chinese peoples morals and mutual trust were eroding under the pressures of modern society. Yet the question of compassion in Chinese society is not a new one. In 1894, an American missionary, Arthur H. Smith, wrote an influential book, “Chinese Characteristics,” in which a chapter, “The Absence of Sympathy,” raised similar questions. “Unwillingness to give help to others, unless there is some special reason for doing so, is a trait that runs through Chinese social relations in multifold manifestations,” he wrote. Mr. Smith offered only anecdotes to back his beliefs. But some current observers in China say his views carry an element of truth, albeit for different reasons. More than a few blame the state of Chinese law, which they contend is too subject to judges whims and hidden influences, for making people afraid to help their neighbors. Most cite the widely publicized case of Peng Yu, a Nanjing resident who in 2006 stopped to help a 65-year-old woman who had fallen, only to be accused by the woman of causing her fall. A court ruled for the woman, using the logic that Mr. Peng would never have assisted her had he not been responsible for the fall in the first place. The decision angered many Chinese, but it also may have made them more reluctant to act in others behalf. Unlike some Western nations, China has no “good Samaritan” laws that protect people who render emergency aid from prosecution. Some also cite what they say is a skewed legal code that actively discourages good Samaritans. News accounts of the Foshan case quoted one driver who hit the toddler as saying, “If she is dead, I may pay only about 20,000 yuan,” or about $2,135. “But if she is injured, it may cost me hundreds of thousands of yuan.” While the account could not be independently verified, tapes of the drivers phone call to a journalist are widespread on the Web. (Chinese news reports say that the drivers of both vehicles that struck the child have been arrested, but offered no details.) Dai Qing, a Beijing journalist and social activist, said the cases of the toddler and the near drowning raised two issues: “The first one is that Chinas law has proved again and again that it cannot protect justice. The second issue is a vacuum of beliefs.” She added: “All the traditional values of Chinese society were thrown out the window to make way for Mao and the rest of the party leadership. But that died long ago, and there was nothing to replace it except a materialistic hunger.” In truth, everyone has empathy for his fellow citizens, said Lynn Hunt, a U.C.L.A. historian whose 2007 book, “Inventing Human Rights: A History,” charts the Wests development of the concept. But whereas a Westerner might stress an individuals ability to change the world with one good deed, the Chinese worldview might center more on the duty to protect family members and close friends. Pu Zhiqiang, a Beijing lawyer frequently involved in civil rights cases, recited the tale of a neighbor who recently fell on a concrete floor and whose pleas for help were ignored by bystanders. “The law is supposed to be the bottom line of a society,” he said. “Anything above that line is not about the law. Above the bottom line, China does not have any guideline for social behavior. There is no religion or faith. There are no role models.” That is one theory. But many Chinese clearly do care: just as Americans were stirred to national outrage in 1964 after news reports (since disputed) said that dozens of New Yorkers ignored the cries of a young woman, Kitty Genovese, who was being stabbed to death, Chinese microblogs are filled with outrage over the toddlers fate. “We do not want to be Chinese bystanders,” wrote one commentator who called himself Zuoyunwangyadong. “Who you are makes who China is; how you are makes how China is. If you are bright, then China is not in the dark; but if you are indifferent, then China will be.” 【2】 韩国报道 交通事故冷漠“够比人”的话题2011年10月27日 来源：Pop News 作者： Min JongSik . CCTV . , vs . . . . . 18 , . . 无关心产生道德麻木症 2011年10月25日 来源：NEWSCJ . . . (南方都市報) 8 4 (廣東) (東莞) . , 30 . 30 . . . . . . . , . . , .【3】中国报道“小悦悦事件”的法律思考2011年11月03日 来源：光明日报 责任编辑： 章丽鋆最近，广东“小悦悦事件”在社会上引发了强烈反响。大家一方面谴责18位冷漠路人，另一方面也都在反思和探讨，以寻求解决摔倒不扶问题的出路。有人说必须立法惩治见死不救者，有人说必须对见义勇为进行奖励，还有人说要向因做好事而遭讹者提供帮助。这样能解决摔倒不扶的社会问题吗？见死不救入罪可能事与愿违“小悦悦事件”后，冷漠路人受到严厉谴责。有律师和学者提出必须严厉惩治见死不救者，这样不仅可以使社会的救助需求得到满足，还可以提升民众的道德水准。我以为，道德的法律化必须有其限度，超过限度的法律不是无效，就是无理。鉴于中国目前的社会情势和民众道德水准，把见死不救行为规定为犯罪，未必能够促使民众去救助困境中的人。在中国目前的社会情势下，这种制度的实施不仅不能使更多的人得到救助，反而会使更多的人因不能得到救助而加重伤害或死亡。这是因为，在没有把见死不救规定为犯罪之前，虽然也常遗憾地出现民众围观而不予救助的冷漠情景，但国人的围观也具有极强的信号功能。很多情况下，一些道德高尚者，如军人、学生等，在较多情形下，正是凭借这种信号发现处于困境中的人并进行施救。而若把见死不救规定为犯罪，民众必然会有其对策行为。因害怕一不小心涉及犯罪，大家对需要救助的对象，如摔倒的老人、落水的人，连看都不敢再看一眼，最后连围观的都没有，需要救助的人因此不能经由围观信号而被道德高尚者及时发现，从而导致更多的人因得不到救助而死亡。另一方面，这种制度使人人自危，从而不仅不能提升民众的道德水准，反而使民众之间变得更加疏远。这种冷漠才是真正的人间悲剧。再从执法机关的角度看，确定见死不救者并追究其责任需要信息支持，执法机关面临着发现见死不救者的信息障碍，从而会使该制度形同虚设。对做好事反被讹者提供法律援助有难度面对问题，还有人说要对因做好事而遭讹者予以帮助。日前，国内有律师针对连续发生的救人反被诬陷的案例，倡议成立“停止冷漠律师团联盟”，如果有人主动救人遭遇讹诈，律师团将免费提供法律援助。这自然是好事，对被诬陷者而言，有帮助总比没帮助好。但问题在于，这种帮助所能起到的作用会有多大？国内救人反被诬陷的案件之所以很难判决，不是法律适用上的疑难，而根源在于事实问题。这种瞬间发生的事，如果没有摄像头的记录，没有目击证人，事实就很难再搞清楚，律师对这种瞬间发生的事情在事实问题上所能起的作用极小。相反，在事实不能再搞清楚的情形下，律师的这种援助可能还会惠及真正的致害人。因此，从案件的性质看，法律援助在这类案件中所能起的作用不会有想象中那么大。法律必须对诬陷者作出反应面对摔倒不扶体现出的社会冷漠我们究竟该怎么办？对冷漠路人的谴责、处罚以及对扶助者的奖励、帮助能较好地解决这一社会问题吗？我们首先应该问一问，究竟是谁制造了这种冷漠？解铃还得系铃人，从解决问题的角度看，法律必须对诬陷者和真正的撞人者作出应有的反应，否则我们现在说的“拒绝冷漠，传递温暖”仅仅只会是一个口号而已。当然，这种反应的前提是社会要具有一定发现真相的能力。如何发现事实真相？有记者对近年来媒体报道的15起搀扶街头摔倒老人反被“诬陷”的事例进行分析发现，有6位当事人成功证明了自己的清白，其中2位是通过监控录像，4位是通过其他目击者的指证。40%的比例让我非常意外。随着更多摄像头的安装以及更多目击者的出现，更多的真相会被发现，诬陷不成功的比例会在50%以上。这类信息应该广为传播，让潜在的诬陷者知晓。当然，仅仅知晓是不够的，法律还必须对诬陷者作出反应。法律的反应也必须在“较多案件的真相会被发现”的大前提下，才会起到好的效果。这种反应包括对诬陷者进行行政处罚和让其承担刑事责任。这种惩罚是必要的，因为诬陷者的行为产生了极强的负外部性，对他人和社会造成了严重后果。可以相信，救人反被诬陷的情形在以后还会出现，为了有效解决问题，国内必须出现对诬陷者进行严厉处罚的案例。只需一例，其对潜在的诬陷者的抑制以及对民众的鼓舞作用不可估量。因此，执法机构应该积极执法，不能因为摔倒的老太太可怜或反悔道歉而放弃执法。须知，这种执法是当下解决摔倒不扶社会问题的最关键所在。“诬陷不成功的较高比例+诬陷不成功的法律后果+对诬陷者不利的案例”这种模式必然使潜在的诬陷者不敢铤而走险。要找出并依法严惩肇事者除了对诬陷者的处罚外，还应该通过具体的措施促使真正的撞人者主动履行扶起被撞者并送其至医院的义务。因为如果不是他的逃脱，也不至于形成如此之社会局面。法律对撞人者的反应可以包括设定严厉的民事责任、行政责任，以及考虑设定刑事责任。其中，民事责任上必须设定惩罚性赔偿制度，即撞人逃脱者须承担受害人医疗费用和其他损失的三至五倍。还有一类人，即主动把被撞者送到医院的撞人者，由于自己坚信不可能有证据证明是撞人者，而假称自己是做好事的人。这类人在现实中也会存在，只是由于瞬间发生的事情真相不能被发现，所以也没有进入大家的视野。虽然这类人把被撞者送到了医院，但其否认行为直接导致了社会民众的冷漠性反应，其负面影响更为显然。因此，他们应该比脱逃者承受更为严厉的法律责任。当然，与对前述的诬陷者的处罚类似，对撞人者的法律责任作为一种威胁的有效性，也决定于通过监控录像、目击者指证等方式而达致的一定比例的真相发现。而一定比例的真相发现在目前是可行的。（应飞虎 作者为深圳大学法学院教授）“小悦悦”事件折射出人性冷漠之疼2011年11月03日 来源：中国公路网作者：陆建宝“小悦悦”事件虽然过去二十几天了，但是自从看到这个事件时，内心就一直在伤疼不已。人性冷漠到禽兽不如，委实是和谐盛世下的一个莫大的悲哀。 据媒体报道，2011年10月13日下午5时30分，居住在广东佛山南海黄岐镇广佛五金城两岁的“小悦悦”像一块试金石，意外之中检验了人性到底在道德准则的天平上有多重。先后两辆机动车从小悦悦身上碾过后漠然逃逸，已经是人性之悲，更令人疼心的是十多名目击路人若无其事，亦或逃也似的不吭一声从“小悦悦”身边走过，实属可恶、可耻、可恨之极。大概近期又现身的“彭宇案”让一些人吓破了胆子，才昧了良心，采取了所谓明哲保身的“多一事不如少一事，事不关己高高挂起”的处世之道吧。 记得曾经有这么一个故事：冬日里，两只流浪猫四处流浪觅食玩耍，其中一只流浪猫在一次黑夜中横穿巷口时被一辆疾驰而过的汽车碾压断了后腿，只能瘫伏在冰冷的地面上，又冷又疼的流浪猫悲哀的呼号着，另一只流浪猫闻听后立马飞了过去，为受伤的同伴舔舐着滴血成冰的伤腿，并艰难而又执著地用嘴巴叼着同伴离开是非之地。它也许不知道一只动物在世间的冷暖，也许只知道见义勇为、扶贫积弱是任何生灵内心生发慈善的代名词。连猫狗尚且如此，作为灵长类高级动物的人呀，不该时刻反悔自己平日里的一举一动么？！ 记得在观世音妙善成佛之前有句偈语：莫道世态炎凉，世上还是好人多。不管今后“小悦悦”的命运如何，应该感谢拾荒阿姨陈贤妹。在这个危急关头，这个矮小的贫民用实际行动真正诠释了什么叫良心。她的这一举动看似是平淡如菊，实则彰显了人性中伟大的光辉，那就是做人要对得起自己的良心。 毕竟，人的生命只有一次，任何生命都值得珍惜。那些漠视“小悦悦”生命安危的人哪，是否想到，今天你漠视了“小悦悦”，明天呢，后天呢，你能漠视了今天的“小悦悦”，在自己的亲人被别人漠视后，你是否能够承担这人性的冷漠之疼？！千万别让清贫成为慈善爱心的代名词。千万别让这世间的真情消失在弥足珍贵的人间大爱之中！ 别忘记小悦悦事件的核心议程2011年11月04日 来源：华商报 作者： 乾羽在小悦悦去世以后，小悦悦的爸爸陷入了一种被质疑的处境：有人建议他赶快把收到的善款捐出去，有人甚至怀疑他在借机敛财。更多的人则向其伸出援手，希望他收到的善款可以解燃眉之急。舆论的善变让小悦悦的爸爸一时难以适从，原本让其感觉到温暖的善款，现在成为了烫手的山芋。（11月3日人民网） 在小悦悦事件的最新舆论动向中，出现善款使用被质疑的声音并不奇怪。善款使用情况的确是一个