必修3Unit1重点词汇.doc

必修3 Unit11be meant to应该做某事(尤因某人的吩咐或职责)；意在做某事Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.(P1)节日是来庆祝一年当中重要日子的时间。I think the police are meant to protect people.我认为警察的职责就是保护人民。Rules are rules.Rules are meant to be followed.规则就是规则，规则是要人们去遵守的。Christmas time is meant to bring the relatives together.圣诞节是亲人相聚的时间。be meant for为某人/某目的而准备的，打算作用mean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean to have done sth.本打算做某事但实际未做means n方法，手段(单、复数同形)That room was meant for our reading room.那个房间打算用作我们的阅览室。Playing computer games means wasting time.玩电脑游戏意味着浪费时间。Its streets were never_for heavy traffic.AtestedBmeant Ckept DusedWhy dont you tell Anna the truth? _.AI meant to.But I didnt meet her BNo.But I wanted toCYes.I was afraid to be scolded DI meant to have.But I was lacking in the courage2Discuss when they take_place，what they celebrate and what people do at that time.(P1)讨论一下这些节日在什么时间举行，庆祝什么，在那个时间人们做什么。(1)take place发生The 2012 Summer Olympic Games took place in London.2012年夏季奥运会是在伦敦举行的。Great changes have taken place in China(China has changed greatlyThere have been great changes in China)in the last few years.过去的几年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。take place/happen/break out/come abouttake place发生、举行、举 办常可与happen换用(用具体事物作主语时)，但较多地指事情的发生不是偶然出现的，而是按意图、计划进行的。引申用法可表示“举行、进行”之意。happen发 生、碰巧做 一般用于偶然或突发性事件。break out发生、爆 发常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。come about发 生中性词语，可用于表达正面事物的发生，又可用于表达负面事物的发生，可与happen换用。On March 11,2011，a big earthquake happened in Japan.2011年3月11日，日本发生了一次强烈的地震。When did the second World War break out?第二次世界大战是什么时候爆发的？【提示】take place，happen，break out，come about不可用于被动语态。take the place of.代替take ones place代替某人；就座take(the) first place居首位，得第一Nowadays plastics have taken the place of many materials.现在塑料已经代替了很多材料。 用上述词汇的适当形式填空Terrible diseases_after the flood.The meeting will_in the hall.The accident_the day before yesterday.Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel_.单项填空Great changes_in my school up to now.Atook place Bhave taken placeChave been taken place Dwas taken place(2)celebrate v庆祝They had a party to celebrate Mothers silver wedding.他们为庆祝母亲的银婚纪念日举行了宴会。The occasion was celebrated at many schools by a threeday holiday.许多学校放假三天庆祝这个节日。celebrate/congratulatecelebrate 指对某一节日、胜利或成功等的“庆祝”，其宾语是物。congratulate指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示“祝贺，庆贺”，其宾语是“人”，常用于congratulate sb.on(doing)sth.结构。Lets congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.恭贺你生了个女儿。He congratulated himself on his narrow escape.他庆幸自己死里逃生。celebration n庆祝；祝贺in celebration of为举行庆祝活动用celebrate或congratulate的适当形式完成句子The family decided to_(庆祝) the occasion by a large dinner party.We_(祝贺) him on winning the competition.On October 1st all the Chinese people hold great parties in_(庆祝) of the birthday of New China.3At that time people would starve if food was_difficult_to_find，especially during the cold winter months.(P1)那时，如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿，特别是在寒冷的冬天里。(1)starve vi.&vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死Millions of people starved to death during the war.战争中数以百万计的人挨饿至死。When will the dinner be ready？Im starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。starve for sth.极需要；渴望starve to do sth.渴望去做starve to death饿死be starved ofbe starved for缺乏；渴望；极需要be starvingbe starved饿极了starvation n挨饿；饿死They got lost in the desert and starved to death.他们在沙漠中迷路并饿死了。The people in the disaster area are starving for medicine.灾区人民急需药品。单项填空Millions of people starved_during the war，because the harvest was hard_.Ato death；to get in Bto die；to get Cdying；to get in Ddying；getting(2)food was difficult to find为“主语beadj.to do不定式”固定句式，意为“某事做起来”。不定式作表语形容词的状语，并和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。The book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，interesting，important，pleasant，impossible等。The man is hard to get along/on with. 这个人很难相处。His room is too small to live in. 他的房间太小了，不能住。This machine is very easy_.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.Aoperating Bto be operating Coperated Dto operate完成句子有时候她很难让人理解。She was_at times.他很容易相处。He is_.4either.or.或者或者；要么要么Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.(P2)有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为他们有可能回到世上给人们提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么同政府作斗争。either(两物或两人中)任一的；(两物或两人中)各一的；也(仅用于否定句)neither两者都不neither.nor.既不也不I made a call to my parents yesterday.To my disappointment，neither of them answered.昨天我和爸爸妈妈打了电话，使我失望的是，他们谁也没接。There is no electricity or water and even no textbooks either.没有电，没有水，甚至连课本也没有。【提示】either.or和neither.nor连接两个并列结构作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式和相近的主语保持一致，这就是语法上常说的“就近原则”。用either/neither/either.or/neither.nor填空Watching too much TV is not good for teenagers.On the other hand，not watching TV at all is not good_.Dr.Black comes from_Oxford_Cambridge，I cant remember which.Do you want tea or coffee？_.I really dont mind.No progress was made in the trade talk as_side would accept the conditions of the other.5in memory of纪念，追念For the Japanese festival Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(P2)在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。I send you this card in memory of our happy summer together.我送给你这张卡片以纪念我们在一起的那个快乐的夏天。They set up a monument in memory of the soldiers who died in the AntiJapanese War.他们建起一座纪念碑，用以追念抗日战争中牺牲的战士们。A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。in memory of纪念，追念in honour of为纪念in terms of就而言in need of需要in case of万一in charge of负责掌管in search of寻找in favour of支持It was in honour of this last lesson that he had put on his fine Sunday clothes.是为了纪念这最后一课他才穿上了他好看的周日礼服。Ring the alarm in case of fire.万一发生火灾，请按响警报器。It hasnt rained for several months and this place is in desperate(急切的) need of water.好几个月没下雨了，这一地区急需用水。When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside_younger men.Ain terms of Bin need of Cin favour of Din praise of完成句子他要写一首诗用以纪念他敬爱的父亲。Hell write a poem_his beloved father.种下了一颗橡树以纪念这一盛会。An oak tree was planted_the occasion.单项填空The film was made_the soldiers who were devoted to the liberation of our motherland.Ain praise of Bin celebration of Cin memory of Din search of6dress up盛装，打扮，装饰It is now a childrens festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.(P2)万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天，他们可以乔装打扮去邻居家要糖吃。We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day.我们为参加学校的圣诞舞会而盛装打扮。They tried to dress him up as a“national hero”他们想把他打扮成一个“民族英雄”。dress sb./oneself 给穿衣服dress for为穿好衣服be/get dressed in.穿着的衣服The boy is old enough to dress his younger sister.这孩子长大了，可以给妹妹穿衣服了。The band were all dressed in green and red jackets.乐队里的人都穿着红绿相间的短上衣。dress/put on/wear/have ondress表示动作，意思是“(给自己或别人)穿衣服”，可用作不及物动词；作及物动词接宾语时要接表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。put on表示动作，意思是“穿上，戴上”，是终止性短语，其宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等。wear表示状态，意思是“穿着，戴着”，除了指普通衣服外，还可指佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花以及留发型、胡须等，含义最广。have on表示状态且是静态，意思是“穿着，戴着”，多用于口语，是比较普通的用语，不用于进行时。用dress/put on/wear/have on的适当形式填空Wait a minuteIm just _ the baby.She got out of the bath and _ her clothes.Do you know the lady _glasses?The little boy _ nothing _ except a hat.7trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.(P2)如果邻居不给糖吃，孩子们就可能捉弄他们了。The boys hid Jons bike to play a trick on him.孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。play a trick/tricks on sb.搞恶作剧；开玩笑play a joke on sb.取笑某人make a fool of 愚弄；欺骗laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑take in欺骗The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。Dont feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them，and dont ignore them either.不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。On April，Jim tried to play a trick_his teacher but the teacher wasnt taken_.Aby；on Bin；in Con；in Don；on8honour v向致敬，n.荣誉，名誉；光荣，荣幸；崇敬，敬意Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.(P2)也有纪念名人的节日。It is a great honour to be invited.承蒙邀请，十分荣幸。During the postwar in Germany，many honours were given to Einstein.战后，爱因斯坦在德国获得了不少荣誉。The young should show/pay/give honour to those who are older than them.年轻人应该尊重年长者。in honour of为向表示尊敬；为了纪念in honour of sb.in sbs honour.do honour to sb.do sb.honour=honour sb向某人表示敬意May I have the honour of doing/to do sth.?(极客气的问话)我有此荣幸去做吗？sb.be honoured to do sth.It is/was honour for sb.to do sth.某人很荣幸做I am honoured to be your assistant for the next few days.十分荣幸能在随后的几天里做您的助手。As the first president of the United States，Washington was very important.Many monuments have been built in his honour.作为美国首任总统，华盛顿的地位十分重要，为了纪念他建起了很多纪念碑。The famous scientist，_a dinner party will be held tonight，is to arrive soon.Ain honour of him Bin his honour Cin whose honour Din which honour9gather vt.& vi集合；聚集；搜集；理解；收集People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.(P2)人们心中充满了感激，因为他们越冬的食物已收集好，农活结束了。His supporters gathered in the main square.他的支持者聚集在主广场上。The girl is gathering flowers in the garden.那女孩正在花园里采花。gather/collectgather是普通用语，指把分散的东西集中在一起，主要是为了使用，如收集庄稼、树叶、花草等。collect常指精心地、有目的地、按一定要求进行有选择性地收集。When people and animals and factories produce carbon dioxide，I gather it up and return it to the air as oxygen for everyone to use again.当人们、动物和工厂排放出二氧化碳时，我把它收集吸收然后再以氧气的形式释放出去，使它得以再利用。Every day I work from half past seven in the morning till half past five in the afternoon，collecting garbage，sweeping the ground，and cleaning the dustbins.每天我从上午七点半干到下午八点半，收集垃圾、扫地、清理垃圾箱。用gather/collect的适应形式填空In order to do the project，she_a lot of valuable advice about how to keep the audience interested.Early in the morning we_at the school gate and went there together.单项填空 Thousands of fans_at the airport waiting to see Jay Chou.Areceived Bcollected Cgathered Dwelcomed10award n奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定Some people might win awards for their farm produce，like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.(P2)有些人还可能因为他们的农产品而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。He won the first awards of many English contests.他获得过许多英语比赛的一等奖。The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work.学校因为玛丽的出色表现而奖励了她。This award is given annually to a teacher who shows excellence in teaching.这一奖项每年颁发给表现优秀的教师。medal/prize/reward/awardmedal“奖章，勋章，纪念章”，如金牌、银牌等。prize指“奖品，奖金，战利品，捕获物”，如在竞争或比赛中赢得的，或作为对胜利或优胜的嘉奖的东西。reward指“回报，报酬，报应”，为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止作报应而授予或收到的某些东西。award指“奖品”，因优点奖励或授予的东西，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。用medal/prize/reward/award填空He was nominated for the best actor_.He got a gold_in the Olympics.Winning the match was just a(n)_for the efforts that the team had made.His poem won the first_in the contest.单项填空The prizes this year have been_to five students for their outstanding work.Arewarded Bawarded Cshown DsuggestedThe school_Tom a prize_his good work.Arewarded；for Bawarded；to Crewarded；to Dawarded；for11admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕China and Japan have midautumn festivals，when people admire the moon and in China，enjoy mooncakes.(P2)中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国，人们会品尝月饼。I cant help but admire his courage.我不得不赞赏他的勇气。I admire him for his success in business.我钦佩他事业有成。admire sb.for sth./in sth.钦佩某人的某些方面admiration n钦佩；赞赏in admiration of表示钦佩have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人in/with admiration心怀钦佩地I am filled with admiration for his bravery.我对他的勇敢十分佩服。Compared with his dramatic works，Yeatss poems attract much admiring notice.与他的戏剧作品相比，叶慈的诗歌得到更多的赞美之词。The school is widely_for its excellent teaching.Acompeted Badmired Cpromoted Dreduced12look forward to期望；期待；盼望The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.(P2)最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天，迎来春天的日子。We are all looking forward to our holiday.我们都盼望着假期。We are looking forward to seeing each other soon.我们期盼着不久再次见面。【提示】look forward to中to为介词，故接动词时应使用动名词形式。to为介词的短语：object to 反对be/get used to 习惯于be accustomed to 习惯于devote.to 献身于lead to 导致refer to 参考；指stick to 坚持Researchers have found that too much TV leads to poor health later in life.研究人员发现看电视过多会导致以后健康状况不佳。He has got used to getting up early，even in cold winter months.他习惯于早起，甚至在寒冷的冬天也是这样。At the age of 38，he sold the farm and used the money to take his family to England，where he could devote himself entirely to writing.38岁时他卖掉了农场，携全家到了英国，在那里他全身心投入到写作中。The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in，but I wasnt frightenedI was really just looking forward to the experience.飞机的噪音很大，但是我并不恐惧我非常期待这次飞行经历。Jim has been working hard and looks forward _ his vacation lying on the beach doing nothing.Ato spend Bto spending Cto have spent Dto be spending13as though好像，引导方式状语从句The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow.(P2)(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。He talks as though he knew about it.他说话的口气好像他知道这事。It looks as though our team is going to win.看来我们队有赢的可能。as though相当于as if，引导的从句中常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反，用一般过去时态，be动词用were；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。as though/as if 后面的从句也用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能是真实的。 It seemed as if the world was at an end.仿佛世界的末日到了。Dont handle the vase as if it_made of steel.Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad beenWhen his dad died，he felt_his whole world was hopeless.Ain case Bas though Cso that Deven thoughHow did you find the leader of the Youth League?Well，she talks_she herself were an expert on the teenagers.Aas if Beven if Ceven though Dso that14have fun with sb.与某人玩得开心People love to get together to eat，drink and have fun with each other.(P2)人们喜欢聚集在一起吃喝玩乐。The children were having so much fun.I hated to call them inside.孩子们玩得这么开心，我舍不得把他们叫进来。I had fun with my friends at the party.我和朋友们在晚会上玩得很开心。for fun/in fun取乐；闹着玩make fun of嘲弄；取笑It is fun to do/doing sth.做某事很有趣What fun！多么有趣！be full of fun很好玩；极有趣What fun it is to jump into the river to swim in summer！夏天跳进河里游泳是多么快乐的事啊！The game will be full of fun.I can not wait to join in the fun.这游戏将会很好玩，我迫不及待想去凑热闹。I need some fresh air，so I am going out for a walk._.AYoud better not BHave fun CWith pleasure DI am sure15fool n愚人；白痴；受骗者 vt.愚弄；欺骗 vi.干傻事；开玩笑However big the fool，there is always a bigger fool to admire him.(P4)傻瓜总会发现有比他更傻的人在赞美他。What a fool you were！你真是个大傻瓜！You cant fool me！I dont believe you.你骗不了我！我不相信你。He that walks with wise men shall be wise，but a companion of fools shall be destroyed.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。make a fool of sb.愚弄某人fool o doing sth.欺骗某人做某事fool around 闲荡；游手好闲As is often the case，nobody likes being _.Amade a fool ofBmade fun Cplayed tricks Dlaughed16permission n许可；允许You want to ask your mum for permission to go with your friends to the cinema.(P5)你想请求得到你妈妈的允许，和朋友一起去看电影。She took the car without permission.她未经允许擅自使用了汽车。Who gave you permission to leave class early?谁准许你提前离开课堂的？with ones permission经某人允许without permission未经允许ask sb.for permission请求某人准许give sb.permission to do sth.允许某人做某事permit vt.&vi.允许；许可；容许n.执照；许可证permit/allow doing sth.准许做某事permit/allow sb.to do sth.准许某人做某事Strangers are not allowed to enter the office _.Awith permission Bwithout a permissionCwith permit Dwithout permission17turn up出现；到场But she didnt turn up.(P7)可现在却不见她的人影。He promised to come at seven，but he has not turned up yet.他答应七点来，但是现在还未露面。Its no good waiting for something to turn up，you have to take action.等待出现转机是不行的，你得采取行动。turn up 开大音量；卷起；找到，发现turn on 打开turn off关上turn down放小音量；拒绝turn into 变成；变得turn out 结果是turn over翻转；交给turn to 求助于Could you do me a favour and turn off that light?请帮忙把灯关上好吗？I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.如果你能把音乐的音量调低我将十分感激。The road conditions there turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.事实证明那儿的路况非常好，这一点令我们喜出望外。You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal_again.Aturned overBturned on Cturned off Dturned downNone of us expected Miss Wang，our math teacher，to_at my birthday party.We thought she was still in hospital.Aturn up Bturn off Cturn down Dturn on18keep ones word守信用；履行诺言She said she would be there at seven oclock，and he thought she would keep her word.(P7)她说她会在七点到达，他认为她会守信用的。You promised to take the children camping, so you must keep your word.你答应过要带孩子们去野营，所以你必须遵守诺言。break ones word/promise失信have a word with sb.与某人谈话have words with sb.与某人吵架in other words 换句话说that is(to say)in a word 简言之in shortword came that.有消息说I guess you could say that I am“one in a million”In other words，there are not many people like me.我想你可能会说我是“百万人中才有一个”的那种人。换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。In a word，it is difficult to know what to do，in any culture，without watching，listening and asking a lot of questions.总