高二下学期英语词汇双解及用法.doc

SBIIBUnit 11 Scientific achievementsWords and expressionssolar adj. 太阳的；利用太阳能的 solar energy 太阳能giant adj. very big 巨大的 There are two giant pandas in the zoo. 在动物园里有两只大熊猫。 n. a man of very great size and strength 巨人；巨物 The whale is the giant of the sea. 鲸是海洋中的庞然大物。 leap v. jump; jump over 跳；跳跃 (leaped, leapt; leaped, leapt) Can you leap the wall? 你能跳过墙吗？ n. the act of leaping; a jump or spring 跳跃 A frog gave a leap. 青蛙跳了一步。 mankind n. the human race 人类 It will bring peace to all mankind. 它会给全人类带来和平。 constitution n.c the fundamental principles of a nation that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people 宪法 The constitution was adopted. 宪法被通过。 eureka int. 我发现了!man vt. get enough people for a job给提供人员；配备人手；操纵 We need twelve people to man the ship. 我们需要十二人以配足此船的人手。 hi-tech ZXn. =high technology 高科技；高技术support v. keep something or someone up; hold the weight of something支持；支撑 That small chair isnt strong enough to support that heavy man. 那把小椅子经不住那个大胖子。 v. give food, clothes, and a home to someone 供养；养活 He has a wife and fifteen children to support. 他要养活妻子和十五个孩子。 n.u supporting someone or something; thing that gives support支持 We cheered to show support for our team. 我们欢呼以表示对我们队的支持。 n.u 供养 means of maintenance Hes the only support that his poor old mother has. 他那可怜的老母亲只靠他一个人瞻养。 daily adj. happening every day 每日的；日常的 There is a daily train service. 每日均通车。 adv. every day 每日；每天 I clean my teeth twice daily. 我每天刷两次牙。 n. newspaper published every day or every week day每日或每周日出版的报纸，日报 Have you read todays China Daily? 你读过今天的中国日报吗？ achieve vt. do or finish something well after trying hard 实现；获得 In order to achieve the four modernizations we must carry on our technical revolution. 为了实现四个现代化，我们必须进行技术革命。 likely adj. probably, expected to happen 很可能的；有希望发生的 Its likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. 很可能明天我要去上海。 economic adj. connected with the producing and distributing of wealth经济的 Beijing is the political, economic and cultural centre of China. 北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。 zone n. an area of ground (especially in a town) 地区（特别指在城镇）；地带 A war zone is a district where fighting is going on. 战区就是进行战争的地方。 private adj. concerning one or a few people only - not people in general; not public私人的；个人的 Your letters are your private property. 你的信件是你的私有物。 institute n. group of people who often meet for a special reason, to talk or do something together学会；学院；研究所 There is an exhibition held by the Institute of Modern Art. 现代艺术协会正举办一个展览。 grasp vt. to take with or as with the hand(s); understand 抓住 Grasp my hand and I will pull you over the wall. 抓住我的手，我就把你拉过墙来。 vt. understand 掌握领会；理解 When you listen, you must try to grasp the main point. 你听的时候一定要努力抓住要点。 master n. chief man head of the family主人 The Chinese people have become masters of their country. 中国人民已经成为自己国家的主人。 vt. learn how to do something掌握；精通 We dont think it too difficult to master a foreign language. 我们认为学好一种外语不太难。 perfect adj. completely correct and good; with nothing wrong 完美的；极好的 She speaks perfect English. 她说得一口极好的英语。 arrange vt. make a plan 安排；筹划 Can you arrange a visit to the exhibition? 你能安排一次参观展览会吗？vt. put things in a nice, neat way 整理；布置 set foot (in) 到达；进入；踏上have an effect on 对产生作用；对有效果Lenovo liXnRuvRu n. 联想公司Founder n. 方正公司rely vi. depend on; trust upon依赖；信赖；指望 We rely on our own hands. 我们靠自己的双手。 rely on vt. failure n. the fact of failing. something which fails失败 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 come to life 苏醒过来；(变得)活跃silicon: n. 硅valley n. low land, usually with a river, between hills or mountains山谷；峡谷；凹地 the valley of the Nile 尼罗河峡谷 base n. place to start from and go back to 基地；根据地 That pilot travels all over the world but London is his base. 那位飞行员飞遍全世界，但伦敦是他的基地。n. the lowest part of anything 基础；底部 The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上。 agency n. 机构；代理(处)organ n. a part of a plant or animal which serves some special purpose 器官 The eyes, stomach, heart, and lungs are organs of the body. 眼睛、胃、心脏和肺都是身体的器官。 forward adv. to the front向前；朝前方 History is moving forward(s). 历史在前进。 put forward propose (a demand, a fact, a plan, a suggestion, etc.) 提出；建议Who put forward this new theory? 这个新理论是谁提出的？ rejuvenate vt. 使返老还童；使恢复活力 He was rejuvenated by his trip. 旅行使他恢复了活力。 breakthrough n. 重大突破；突围This is a major breakthrough in computer technology. 这是电脑技术上的一大突破。impressive adj. deeply impressing the mind and feelings给人深刻印象的 He has a very impressive manner. 他的态度予人以深刻的印象。 march vi. walk like a soldier 行军；前进 The soldiers marched over the bridge. 士兵在桥上行进。 n.c long walk长途跋涉；行军 The Red Army covered 25,000 li on their Long March. 红军在长征中行军二万五千里。 aim v. point a gun, etc. at something or someone 瞄准 Peter aimed the gun at the bird, but did not fire. 彼得用枪瞄准鸟，但没有开枪。 aim (sth) at direct against 瞄/对准；针对 In saying this I am not aiming at you. 我说这话可不是针对你的。 announce vt. to make known publicly 宣布/告；发表 The news was announced by Radio Beijing. 这消息由北京（英语）广播电台发表了。 genome n. 基因组；染色体组evolution n.u the way in which the development of living things from a few simple forms of life, or from a single form, has taken place 进化；发展 The teacher is explaining the theory of evolution to the students.老师正在给学生们解释进化论。 byte n. 字节；比特humanoid adj. 有人的特点的element n.c any of the more than 100 simplest materials that make up all substances（化学）元素 Gold, iron and tin are elements. 金，铁和锡是化学元素。n.c a necessary part要素；成分 Cells are the elements of living bodies. 细胞是有机体的组成部分。 battle n. a big fight between armies 战役；战斗 No one was killed in that battle. 那次战斗中无一人阵亡。 n. trying very hard to do something that is not easy斗争；奋斗 The doctors had a battle to save Jons life. 为抢救乔恩的生命，医生们进行了艰苦的工作。 strategy n. 战略；策略Unit 12 Fact and fantasyWords and expressionsfiction n. 小说；虚构 Fact Truth is stranger than fiction. (谚) 事实奇于小说。 belief n. sure feeling that something is true 信念；信仰；相信 She has lost her belief in religion. 她已不信仰宗教了。 league n. a unit of distance equal to 3.0 statute miles (4.8 kilometers)里格 长度单位，相当于3.0法定英里（4.8公里）n. group of persons or nations together for common goal联盟；社团 Are they League members? 他们是团员吗？ balloon n. bag that becomes bigger when filled with air or with gas and can float in the sky 气球 bulb n. 球状物；球茎；灯泡make a living 谋生botany n.u 植物学apply v. use; put into practice应用；运用 We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。v. ask for 申请；请求 He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。 applied adj.应用的；实用的 applied science 应用科学 foundation n. the act of starting the building of something 基础 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 农业是国民经济的基础。 n. the action of founding, establishing； placing on a basis建立 the foundation of a new school 创办一所新学校 servant n. someone who works in another persons house, cooking, cleaning, etc. 仆人；公务员；雇员We should always be the servants of the people. 我们应该永远做人民的勤务员。 whale n.c a large fish like animal which lives in the sea 鲸The whale is the largest animal in the world. 鲸是世界上最大的动物。hunter n. someone who chases wild animals for food or sport猎人；搜索者 set out begin a journey; start 启程；出发；开始 We set out for the Western Hills at 10:30. 我们十点半出发去西山。 collision n. 碰撞with, againstHis car had a collision with a truck. 他的车子与货车相撞。 n. (利害、意见、目的等的)不一致；冲突 come into collision (with.) (与) 冲突/抵触/对立 companion n. someone who is with another person同伴；同伙 She seemed to be the companion of the young man. 她似乎是那青年的伴侣。 overboard adv. over the side of a ship or boat into the water向船外；从船上落（或抛）到水时 Dont throw that box overboard. 别把那只箱子抛入水中。 submarine n. ship that can travel under the sea 潜水艇 Some submarines carry many men and stay underwater for several weeks. 有些潜水艇能装很多人，并在水下呆好几个星期。 permanent adj. 永久的；固定的 permanent residence 永久住处 guest n. a visitor, someone whom you have invited客人；旅客 They are expecting a guest to dinner. 他们在等一位客人来吃饭。 voyage n. sea journey 航海；航行；航空 He made a voyage to Japan. 他航行至日本。 iron n.u strong hard metal 铁 Strike while the iron is hot. （谚）趁热打铁。 aboard prep. On, in, or into a ship(aeroplane,train, etc.)在船（飞机、火车）上；上船（飞机、火车） They went aboard the ship. 他们上了船。 adv. Its time to go aboard. 上船（飞机等）的时间到了。 lamp n.c thing that gives light灯 He worked for a whole night with the lamp lighted. 他点着灯，整整工作了一夜。 dislike vt. not to like, to hate 不喜欢；讨厌 I dislike being alone. 我不喜欢独居。 n.c a feeling of not liking 不喜欢；讨厌 I took a dislike to him. 我讨厌他。 prisoner n. a man who is locked in a prison 囚犯；俘虏 gentle adj. kind and friendly 温和的；温柔的 Mothers are gentle with their babies. 母亲对婴儿总是温柔体贴的。 adj. that moves softly; that feels soft轻柔的；柔和的 The gentle breezes rustled through the leaves. 微风穿过树叶吹了过来。 Iceland n. 冰岛layer n. a thickness of some material which is laid on or spread over a surface层；地层 I have three layers of blankets on my bed in winter. 我冬天在床上铺三层毯子 marble n.u hard stone for statues and special buildings大理石(制品) The temple had a marble floor. 教堂有大理石地板。 shore n. ground next to the sea or a big lake 岸；滨 The ship stopped a little way off the shore. 船停在离岸不远的地方。 luggage (总称)行李 =(美)baggage three pieces of luggage 三件行李 in public where other people are, openly 当众；公开地 She is too shy to sing in public. 她很腼腆，不敢在众人面前唱歌。 throw light upon/on 阐明，使明白/清楚The fact throws light on the problem. 事实说明了这个问题。 brilliant adj. very clever 非常聪明的；才华横溢的 She is a brilliant student. 她是一个有才华的学生。 adj. very bright 光辉的；辉煌的；耀眼的 She is wearing a brilliant jewels. 她戴着耀眼的珠宝。 n. 大理石，云石，大理石制品 agate chalcedony quartz adj. 大理石般的 glossy hard lustrous polished smooth adj. 铁石心肠的 cold cold-hearted cruel flinty hard-hearted marble-hearted merciless relentless steely uncompassionate unfeeling unkind v. 把（书边、纸页）弄上大理石花纹 dapple fleck mottle pea striate variegate vein white adj. 无色的 colorless phenomenon n.c 现象；奇迹 (pl. phenomena ) A rainbow is a natural phenomenon. 彩虹是自然现象。 labour n.u hard work that you do with your hands 劳动；努力 It is necessary for us to take part in physical labour. 我们参加体力劳动是十分必要的。 hesitate v. to stop and consider before an action犹豫；踌躇 If you hesitate too much, youll lose the game. 如果你太犹豫，你就会输掉这一局（游戏、球类等）。 creation n.u making something 创造；建立 The creation of new playground will benefit the local children. 新游乐场的建立将给当地的孩子带来益处。 horror n.u great fear or dislike恐惧；恐怖 She ran away in horror from the snake. 她很恐怖地跑了，躲开那条蛇。 horrible adj. making one very afraid, very sad, of shocked 可怕的；恐怖的 Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。 grave n. the place where a dead person is put in the ground 墓穴；坟墓 Is there life beyond the grave? 人还有来生吗？ cut up cut small; cut into pieces 切碎；切成小块 The cook is cutting up the meat. 厨子正在切肉。 butcher n. a man who sells meat卖肉者；屠夫 He is a butcher by trade. 他的职业是屠夫。 curtain n. piece of cloth that hangs in front of a window or a door 窗帘；门帘 Will you draw the curtain? 请你拉上窗帘好吗？ n. a large piece of heavy cloth which separates the stage of a theatre from the audience（舞台上）幕 The curtain dropped on the last scene. 幕在最后一场拉了下来。 lip n. one of the two soft front edges of the mouth 嘴唇；唇状物 She had a cigarette between her lips. 她嘴里叼着一支香烟。 brainstorm n. a sudden clever plan or idea 突然的灵感；突然想到的妙计/好办法 =brainwave(英)vt. engage in or organize shared problem solving 献计献策 n. 仆役 hireling n. 主人 master think of or produce (a solution to a problem, for example) by this method. 想出办法Unit 13 The water planetWords and expressionscube n.c solid shape with six square sides 块；立方形 He bought a jin of cube sugar yesterday. 他昨天买了一斤方糖。 sailor n. someone who helps to control a boat or ship船员；水手；水兵 The sailors landed on Dalian. 海员在大连上岸。 mariner n.c 船员；水手 (=sailor)benefit vt. help someone or something; make someone better, happier, etc.获益；对有利；使受益 The fresh air will benefit you. 新鲜空气对你有益。 benefit from be helped by something 受益于 You will benefit from experience. 你一定会从经验中获得益处。 n.u anything which is for the good of a person or thing; an advantage; profit 利益；裨益 He gave us the benefit of his advice. 他的劝告对我们很有好处。 transport v. carry people or goods from one place to another运送；运输 They transported the bricks in a lorry. 他们用卡车运砖。 n.u carrying people or things from one place to another 运送；运输 We hired a van for transport. 我们雇了一辆货车运东西。 property n. the special and peculiar character of a thing 特性；性质 One property of steel is its hardness. 坚固是钢的特性之一。 n. a thing owned, possessions所有物；财产 Those books are my property. 那些书是我的东西。 range vi. vary within specified limits(在一定范围内)变动；变化ages that ranged from two to five 两岁至五岁年龄段n. 范围 beyond the range of human understanding 超越人类理解的范围 plankton n. 浮游生物all the way 一直；一路上molecule n. the smallest possible portion of a substance that can exist in the free state分子 A molecule is a thousand times bigger than an atom of hydrogen. 一个分子比一个氢原子大一千倍。 unique adj. 唯一的 This is a unique example of this word before 1800. 这是此一单字在 1800 年前被用过的唯一例子。 adj. 独特的；特有的 Every individual is unique. 每一个人都有他的特色。 hydrogen n. a gas without color, taste, or smell, that combines with oxygen to form water, symbol H 氢 Water, you know, is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. 你知道，水是由氢和氧构成的。 atom n. the smallest piece of a simple substance 原子 According to the theory of atoms all elements consist of atoms. 根据原子理论，所有的元素都是由原子所组成的。 oxygen n.u gas in the air that we must breathe to go on living氧；氧气 Oxygen is necessary for all forms of life. 氧气是一切生命所不可缺少的。 relative adj. considered with other things; comparative相对的；比较而言的 All things are relative. 一切事物都是相对的。 solid n.c a solid thing 固体 Most solids are heavier than liquids. 大多数的固体比液体重。 adj. hard; not liquid or gas 固体的；坚硬的 Ice is solid water. 冰是固态的水。 freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的 freezing weather 严寒的天气 n 冰点 below freezing 在冰点以下 salinity n. 含盐量；盐度dissolve vt. reduce to liquid form by putting into a liquid; cause to melt溶解；使溶化Sugar dissolves in water. 糖在水里会溶解。 pure adj. totally clean; not mixed with any other thing纯净的 This water is pure-you can drink it. 这水是洁净的你可以喝。 gramme n. 克(重量单位=gram) density n. 密度；浓度 population density 人口密度 relationship n. 关系；联系；亲属关系 The United States has good relationships with most countries in the world. 美国与世界上大多数国家关系良好。 mass n. (物体的) 质量the law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律 n.c crowd; many things or people together块；团；堆 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky. 天空布满团团乌云。 n.c a large quantity or number together大量 There was/were a mass of children in the yard. 在庭院里有很多孩子。 Ive masses of work to do. 我有大量工作要去做。volume n.u amount of space that something fills; amount of space in something容积；容量；体积 Matter has volume. 物质有体积。 cubic adj. 立方的；立方形的 cubic content 容积；体积 kilogram n. (略作 kg.) a measure of weight（重量单位）公斤；千克 There are 1000 grams in a kilogram. 一公斤等于一千克。 float vt & i. to stay on the surface of a liquid (使)漂浮 They floated timber down the stream. 他们把木材顺水漂下去。 Cork floats on water. 软木漂浮在水上。 n. anything that floats on a liquid漂流物；浮物 float bridge 浮桥 take advantage of use someone or something to help oneself 利用 Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his French. 彼得利用访问巴黎之机提高法语。 decrease vi. become smaller, fewer, etc. 减少；减小 They tried to decrease the costs. 他们设法降低成本。 capacity n.u number of things or people that can fit into a place容量；容纳 The seating capacity of this hall is 300. 这个大厅能坐三百人。 n.u being able to understand or do something能力；才能 Gavin has the capacity to add numbers quickly in his head. 盖文能很快地做心算加法。 substance n. sort of thing; material物质；东西 Stone is a hard substance. 石头是硬的东西。 n. the chief ideas of a speech or book主旨；大意 The substance of what he said is that we have too little money. 他讲话的大意是我们的钱太少了。 centigrade adj. 摄氏的 Water boils at 100Centigrade. 水在100摄氏度时煮沸。 absorb vt. to take or suck in, eg water, heat, light, etc. 吸收（水、热、光等） The heat is absorbed by the water. 热量被水吸收了。 vt. take (learning; knowledge) into the mind 吸收（学问、知识） He absorbed the point of view of his teacher. 他接受了老师的观点。 vt. to take up all the attention of吸引注意力 His task absorbs him. 他的工作占了他全副精神。 give off emit, send out 发出；放出 The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 这种气体散发出一种不好闻的味道。 thus adv. for that/ this reason 因此；所以 Thus we see that plants need light. 因此，我们知道了植物需要阳光。 stable adj. firm; not likely to move 稳定的；安定的 He needs a stable job. 他需要固定的工作。 sensitive adj. feeling things quickly and deeply; that one can be easily hurt敏感的；容易生气的 Dont shout at her-shes very sensitive. 别对着她大声喊，她很敏感。 steady adj. not moving; firm 稳固的；平稳的 Hold the ladder steady while I stand on it. 我站在梯子上时，请你把它扶住。 motion n.u moving移动；运动 Their study group is in motion. 他们的学习小组正在活动。 dense adj. with many things or people close together 密集的；稠密的 There was a dense crowd at the match. 比赛场上有密集的人群。 trust n.u faith; believing that someone or something is go