学好英文句式-提高写作能力Microsoft-Word-文档.doc

学好英文句式，提高写作能力 英文写作一直是很多高三学生的软肋，他们要么把写作当初一种纯粹的翻译，出现很多汉式英语；要么文不对题，语法错误太多，导致写作分数不高。因此要求老师的写作教学要有针对性，而且做到每一堂课都有其高效，让学生能学有所获。 要想提高学生的写作能力，老师得付出很多的心血，课前、课中和课后，尤其是课后的批改非常重要，及时的批改能帮助我们充分了解学生的不足。以下的错句是我从学生的一篇习作中摘录出来的。一、 学生常见错误及分析：1、 主谓不能搭配，只顾中文意思 Many people think that working in the metropolis can get higher salary.2、 主谓不一致 Some thinks that working 3、 时态不一致 Working in the hometown is the best choice when we graduated.4、 动词作主语 Work in the metropolis is better.5、 不懂词性，单词混用 Its very common that competitive is like air which is everywhere.6、 想用高级句式，却因理解不到位出现错误nly work hard can we get success.7、 修饰关系紊乱 each /every people (每个人) another people（另一个人） less opportunities， more better 8、常见单词的拼写错误 把true 写成 ture 把quite写成 quiet 9、多个谓语 There were many students attended the lecture. He thought only improve themselves can people get success.二、 针对学生的错误，我们在平时的教学中就要有的放矢，高效实用1、 狠抓五个简单句型的训练，做到基本句式不出错。要想写好作文，首先要熟悉五种基本句型，尤其是对于成绩平平的学生，如果能把基本句型写对，构成基础写作的5个基本句子就能信手写来。句型一：主语+系动词+表语很多学生以为系动词只有be，在写作时造成一些不必要的错误。因此我在讲到这类句型时，会把系动词归类1） be2） 表感官的系动词 look, sound, feel, taste, smell, seem, appear3） 表持续的系动词：remain, keep, stay, stand, lie, 4） 表变化的系动词：become, get, turn, grow, come, fall,5） 可带名词的系动词：be, remain, turn, become, sound, prove 根据表语的不同， 可分为：1). He is a boy.2). The book is hers.3). The flowers smell sweet.4). John is in good health.5). We were excited at the good news.6). The book is boring.7). Her dream is to become a doctor.8). My hobby is collecting coins.9). The fact was that he had told a lie.10). The reason for his failure was that he didnt put his heart into study.根据这十个句子，再让学生依葫画瓢，反复操练，那么句型一也就掌握了。基本句型二：主语+不及物动词1)、The rain stopped.2) The old man waited.基本句型的扩展1)、主语+不及物动词+副词状语2)、主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语3)、There+不及物动词+主语基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语1)、主语+及物动词+名词或代词2)、主语+及物动词+不定式 I want to get your help.常用语此句型的动词有： attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, offer, need, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, would like3)、主语+及物动词+疑问词+不定式4)、主语+及物动词+动名词 The old man enjoys living in the countryside.常见动词： admit, advise, avoid, appreciate, allow, ban, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, look forward to, pay attention to, 5)、主语+及物动词+宾语从句 I dont think he is right.句型四：主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾1)、主语+及物动词+（人）间宾+（物）直宾Tom left Mary a message.This will save you much time.2)、主语+及物动词+（物）直宾+to+（人）间宾He offered a job to her.I owe my success to you.归纳：间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, pass, offer,3)、主语+及物动词+（物）直宾+for+（人）间宾归纳： 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy， choose， bring， save， make，order， sing， do， 4)、主语+及物动词+（人）间宾+of+（物）直宾归纳：直接宾语前加介词of的动词有：cure, convince, deprive, inform, rob, remind, rid, warn基本句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补1)、主语+及物动词+宾语+名词President appointed John manager of Marketing.归纳：常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, 2)、主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词The news made me happy.归纳：常用于此句型的动词：make, paint, dye, get(ready), cut (short), set (free), keep, drive (mad), 3)、主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语I found myself in the dark.4)、主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式 He encouraged me to work hard.归纳： 要求用to do 作宾补的的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, want, tell, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, want, wish,warn etc. 但是： The boss made him work ten hours a day.5)、主语+及物动词+宾语+分词 Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. I heard my name called.归纳： catch, find, get, have, keep, set, leave, notice, feel, see, observe, smell, watch, hear, 等动词后可以接分词作宾补6)、主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语a. 主语+谓语+it+adj/n+to do sth. I found it pleasant to be with your family.b. 主语+谓语+it+adj/n+that从句 He believed it unlikely that she would agree.c. 主语+谓语+it+adj/n+doing She thinks it no use talking with him.二、教会学生使用高级句式早两天听到一位从高考改卷场回来的友人说，高校专家的评卷标准有些不同：语言结构第一，内容要点第二。并且以一篇考生作文（基础写作）为例，文章中运用分词，出现了得当的定语从句、强调句和倒装句。阅卷小组的组长说亮点都有，语言使用正确，出现了高级词汇，这个时候就不需要过多的去思考内容了，完全可以给满分。根据改卷小组长的说法，要想在高考中写作拿高分，必须要有高级句式。英文中的高级句式包括定语从句、名词从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、倒装句、强调句、with句型等1、 巧用复合句According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, which ranks the first in the world.But Id like to attend the English lectures, from which I can get more information on British and American cultures.解析：这两个句子都运用了定语从句，给文章增色添彩。2、 巧用倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气、with句型等Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people. I couldnt go on studying with so much noise troubling me. It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.第一句为倒装句，第二个句式with短语作伴随状语，第三句是强调句，这些句式使得文章更生动，语气也大大加强了。3、 巧用非谓语动词 They each gave a speech teling us what they would do when they were elected. Although (he was) left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all .运用非谓语动词，可以使文句看起来更简洁，使语言更加丰富多彩，重点更为突出，增加文采。4、 巧用名词从句 What he should do is that he has to stay at home, waiting for his mother. Word came that our team had won in the end.第一句运用了主语从句和表语从句， 第二句运用了同位语从句，这样可以使句式多样化，语言丰富多彩。三、 学会使用过渡词一篇好的文章，必须要做到上下连贯，句与句之间逻辑关系衔接的非常好，而许多学生在写作时往往忽视这一点，上下句之间的跳跃性很大，让人感觉极不自然，面批时也会在这样的地方停下来，这样的作文很显然是得不到高分的。所以要想取得理想的分数，还要在文章的衔接方面下功夫，也就是要有适当的过渡词。英语中常用的过渡词有如下一些。1.表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later, before long, shortly after that,to this day, just now, just then , as soon as, was doingwhen, just at this time, immediately=in a flash=at once=in an instant, suddenly= all of a sudden=all at once2.表示顺序，动作：first, firstly, second, secondly at first, at last, next, finally3.表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although in spite of, anyhow, nevertheless4.表示因果关系：thus, therefore, so , as a result. seeing that, luckily, unfortunately, to ones luck5。表示强调：above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most, what I want to stress is6、表示并列: and, also, as well as, and then7、表示递进: besides, whats more, in addition, moreover, furthermore, even, whats worse, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing for another8、表示解释和说明：that is to say, namely, for example= for instance, actually, and