CityEngine-User_Interface_用户界面.doc

User Interface 用户界面This page gives a quick overview of the user interface of the CityEngine. On the one hand the main types of windows are described, and on the other hand basic functionalities like project management and navigation are shortly explained.本页给我们快速阐述了城市引擎的用户界面。一方面描述了窗口的主要类型，另一方面简短的解释了诸如项目管理的基本函数。The CityEngine Main Window城市引擎主窗口The user interface revolves around a main window, which consist of several sub-window components. The screenshot below shows a typical CityEngine modeling session.用户界面是由数个子窗口部件组成并循环出现在主窗口的四周，下面的截图显示为典型的城市引擎建模绘画框。这个用户界面表示为一个打开的场景 1: Navigator 导航器 2: Scene Editor 场景编辑器 3: CGA Shape Grammar Editor CGA形态语法编辑器 4: First Viewport 第一视窗 5: Second Viewport 第二视窗 6: Inspector 检查员窗口 7: The default area for the Console CGA Problems, Progess, etc. 默认区域控制台，CGA问题提示，进程等等。 Individual sub-windows can be opened in the menuWindow. Each window can have multiple tabs, which can be freely arranged via dragndrop. By dragging a tab into the corresponding half of another window, the tab becomes a single window. Most windows (except the editors) can also be detached. The window layout configuration (a perspective) can be stored and loaded viaWindows Layout . For example for grammar editing we recommend the corresponding default perspective.个别子窗口能在菜单栏的窗口中打开。每个窗口拥有多个标签，并可以被自由的通过拖曳安排布局。通过拖曳一个标签到相应的另一个窗口的一半位置，标签将变成一个独立的窗口。大多数窗口（除了编辑器）都能被关闭。窗口布局结构（a perspective）能通过Windows Layout . 加载多个，例如语法编辑窗口是我们推荐的标准窗口。In the following the different sub-window types and their main functions are described.导航器导航器是描述被使用的项目和场景管理，因此窗口显示为打开或者链接进来的工作空间。一个新的项目可以通过创建。以下是一个标准项目的文件夹构成。应用于生成三维模型的图形语言。它能置入.obj格式文件（附和任意.mtl文件）包含纹理和其他格式。这个文件夹包含一些常用数据。例如一些以组或者块的模型（.obj组文件）将被存储在这里。他们能以shape图层导入到城市引擎里面，其图形语言规则也会被导入。存储例如视图快照存储使用中的map 图层里面的图片，例如高度和水纹理以.cga格式，存储CGA图形规则语言以.cej格式存储城市引擎文件以下是不同子窗口类型及主要功能描述。Besides project management, other main function done in this window are the opening of a scene via double-click, assigning CGA shape grammar rules to the selection via corresponding right-mouse-button, investigating assets via left-click (they appear in the Inspector window then), or refreshing folders via F5 (useful when assets are modified or for collaborative working environments i.e. a project is shared on the network and rules, scenes etc. have been added/modified).In addition, the file navigator can inspect selected files. In the case of CGA rule files, the functions and rules are listed. Clicking on entries in the CGA file inspector will let CGA Shape Editor to scroll to the corresponding entry in the rule file. Hence the file navigator inspector is a powerful tool to navigate in a rule file.除项目管理之外，其他主要功能作用于窗口中通过双击打开文件，CGA图形语言规则通过选择图形和鼠标右键，asset调查属性通过左键单击（然后会出现在检查窗口），或者通过F5刷新文件夹（这样针对联合工作环境，某个网络共享的工程、规则或者场景的变动的asset修改就会被正确附加进来）。此外，文件导航器能检查所选择的文件，就CGA规则文件的来说，其函数和规则会以表显示，点击CGA文件，检查窗口会滚动到相应的CGA图形编辑器位置并出现规则文件打开对话框。因此，文件导航器是一个强大的规则文件导航工具。Scene EditorThis window is the central place where you manage your scene. A CityEngine scene is organized in layers. Currently, five different layer types exist: Environment Layerscontrol common 3D viewport parameters such as scenes panorama or the scene light. Both layers are configured using the inspector. Map Layerscontain arbitrary maps (images) and can be used to globally control object attributes. Graph Layerscontain street networks and blocks, dynamically generated shapes and generated models. Shape Layerscontain static shapes, typically building lots used for generating CGA models.场景编辑器这个窗口主要控制管理你的场景，城市引擎场景是以层级别组成的，当前图例包含了5种不同类型的层方式。 环境控制层 表现于3D视窗的显示灯光和全景天，这两个层在检查器中可编辑。 纹理控制层 总体控制物体属性中的专有贴图或纹理 曲线控制层 控制道路和街道，动态产生二维图形和模型 模型控制层 用于CGA模型所构成的静态二维图形，代表性建筑The Scene Editor with a graph layer, two inital shape layers and a layer with generated models.此场景编辑器包含一个图标层，两个初始图形层和一个模型产生层层级树允许你控制，删除或者拷贝，每个层以及所包含的物体不但可以控制可见性，通过开启和关闭左边的眼睛图标达到在这种情况下，在外部所编辑的大量及块模型就能以import方式作为图形层应用，首先，必须将外部图形以组形式的obj格式（每个组对应相同的一个图形），然后，复制obj到所在工程的Data文件夹中，通过import它 File Import CityEngine Layers OBJ Import .或者在导航器使用右键点击obj文件，既而CGA规则将以默认形式应用于你所导入的模型上。The layers tree allows you to navigate, delete or duplicate the layers and its objects as well as control the visibility of objects in the tree through the search field. The visibility of each layer in the viewport can be toggled by clicking on the eye symbol left to the layer name.In the case where building lots or mass models have been already modeled with an external program, these can be imported as shape layers. First, you have to convert your shapes into a grouped obj file (each group corresponds one shape). Afterwards copy it into the data folder of your project and import it via File Import CityEngine Layers OBJ Import . or via right-mouse-button on the .obj file in the Navigator. Afterwards, CGA rules can be applied in the typical way on these imported meshes.CGA Rule EditorBy double clicking on a .cga file in the Navigator window, the corresponding file is opened in the CGA Rule Editor. Another possibility to open a .cga file for editing is to click on Rule File in the Inspector window if the selected object has already a rule file assigned. The typical efficient workflow with the CGA Rule Editor is:1 Assign a rule to the selected objects either via the RMB-menu on the rule file in the Navigator, or via RMB-menu in the Viewport, or via Shapes Assign Rule File . In the latter two cases the rule has to be selected in the opened dialog.2 Open the rule file in the CGA Rule Editor and edit the rules.3 Press Ctrl-s for saving the rule file.4 Press Ctrl-g for (re-)generating the model.The rule editor has syntax highlighting and shows syntax errors (the latter are described in more detail in the CGA Problems window where you can double click on each entry). Furthermore, during typing, command completion can be invoked via Ctrl-Space.CGA规则编辑器在导航器中，通过双击一个cga文件，会打开对应的CGA规则编辑器。另一种可以打开cga文件的编辑方式的方法是，在检查器窗口点击Rule File按钮，只要所选择物体已经指定好了规则文件。默认CGA规则编辑流程是：1：通过导航器菜单里面显示的规则文件指定给选择物体，或者通过视图右键菜单指定，又或者在菜单栏的shape栏中的 Assign Rule File . ，在后者两种情况，都能给选择物体指定规则文件并开启指定对话框。2：在CGA规则编辑器中打开规则文件编辑语法3：用Ctrl-s 保存编辑后的规则文件4：用 Ctrl-g可以指定规则文件给模型规则编辑器使用高亮显示语法和提示语法错误（后者是说明CGA问题的详细说明窗口，我们可以通过双击检查每个条目）此外可以通过键盘的Ctrl-Space.结束语法的输入。ViewportThe Viewport is the main view to interact with the 3D scene. As many Viewport windows can be opened as required by the user (usually with other cameras or a different render mode). The 3D scene can be rendered as wireframe, shaded, with textures and/or lighted. The default navigation works as follows: Alt-LMB: Tumble camera around the center of interest. Alt-MMB: Track (also called pan) camera parallel to the view plane (through the center of interest). Alt-RMB: Dolly the camera to or away from the center of interest, means the distance of the camera to the center of interest is alternated. f: Frame the selection. The cameras center of interest is placed into the center of the selection and the distance is adjusted accordingly.As a consequence, the typical navigation works by selecting an object via LMB or via drag-LMB and then pressing f to frame the camera. Afterwards the selection can be explored via tumble, track and dolly.Other practical functions include the isolation of the selection (toggle it via short-key i), framing all content (via short-key a), superimposing an information display (toggle via short-key d followed by another d). or the bookmarks which store camera positions. New bookmarks can be simply created by clicking on the bookmark icon.Furthermore, in the corresponding drop-down icons of the Viewport, zooming (changing the focal length) can be done either via camera preferences or the by setting the focal length directly to one of the presets.Note: The CityEngine preferences (Preferences Navigation Devices Mouse) allow you change the mouse navigation schemes according to the schemes of other 3D applications. Linux users might want to change the modifier key mapping for navigation to CTRL since some window managers catch the ALT key.主视图主视图是3D模型交互式的窗口，和大多数试图窗口一样，是根据用户指定（通常指定相机和特殊的渲染模式）。3D文件可以以线框，是、着色、纹理或者高亮显示，基本试图操作如下：Alt-LMB alt+鼠标左键以视图中心Alt-MMB alt+鼠标中键 平移视图Alt-RMB alt+鼠标右键 推拉视图F 锁定选择物体并移动放大到视口中心另一个实用功能就是：在选择好物体后通过键盘i 来隔离出选择物体；使用 a 全显场景；使用 d 用来显示和关闭显示边角场景信息；或者可以在相机视图使用 d 记录相机的位置，可以在视图的右上角找到书签图标定义好透视模式下的视点角度。此外，在相应的下拉按钮我们可以找到预设好的不同焦段参数的相机。Note: 城市引擎可以通过 (Preferences Navigation Devices Mouse)允许你改变鼠标的选择方式，不同的系统平台可能会有所不同的配合组键，例如：windows系统，增加选择通过shift+左鼠；减少选择通过ctrl+shift+左鼠；反选通过ctrl+左鼠Inspector 检查员窗口The Inspector is the main tool for viewing and modifying CityEngine objects. Depending on the type of object selected, the inspector adapts its user interface to provide full access to the objects attributes. The inspector is invoked via WindowInspector in the main-menu, or by pressing ALT+ I .检查员窗口是主要修改物体的工具栏，显示内容以选择物体为标准，其中涵盖了全部的物体属性。通过WindowInspector in the main-menu调用或者快捷键ALT+ I 打开检查窗口For CityEngine layer objects such as shapes, the insp