跨文化交际论文.doc

成绩西南大学本科生课程论文 论文题目：An understanding of language-and-culture, two sides of the same coin in the perspective of intercultural communication课程名称： 跨文化交际导论 任课教师： 杨杰 专 业： 英语（师范） 班级： 14 学号： 222009310011414 姓名： 何南霖 2011年 12 月 25 日1. Abstract2. Body2.1 What are intercultural communication, language and culture?2.2 What is the relationship between language and culture?2.3 What is my view on the language-and-culture?3. Conclusion4. References1. AbstractThe language and the culture belong to the social phenomenon, the language, one of social cultural essential factors, which is the cultural carrier. The culture is handed down through language, they have close relationship. The language is used in the certain cultural context, the language use receives cultural the restriction, the differences between languages have reflected the differences of national culture. Because each nationalitys geographical position, the historical development, the thinking mode, the habits and customs, the value , the religious belief and so on are different, thus has formed the different cultural standard, namely so-called cultural difference. The culture teaches people how to use the language, but certain language forms only then in the specific cultural context, can have the related language human relations significance. Like the Chinese culture adopts frequently from censures or the denial form replied the commendation shows modestly, but English nationality then adopts the affirmation form, replies Thank you”. The human relations ability both included four languages abilities (to listen, to say, to read, writes), and has included the social culture ability, namely could carry on the harmonious human relations with another kind of cultural person the ability. In the intercultural communication background language learning environment, the biggest barrier is the cultural difference brings the influence. Therefore, lacking the understanding of the culture, we cant communicate easily and we may misunderstand each other.Key words: interculturalcommunication;understandingobstacles;culturaldifferences2. Body2.1 What are intercultural communication, language and culture?2.1.1 Intercultural communicationInternationalcommunication referstothecommunicationofpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Ininterculturalcommunication,incorrectpronunciation,grammarorvocabularymistakesarelikelytoleadtomutualmisunderstandingandcommunicationbarriers.However,whenthepronunciationandthegrammararecorrect,theobstacleswillbecontinuetooccurduetothefactthatonesidecannotexpresstheirideasaccurately,orlackofresponsetotheothersideofthetopic,orsomewordsseemtoodomineering,etc.Atpresent,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbeenregardedasancomprehensivedisciplinecombiningofanthropology,linguistics,psychology,communicationstudies,sociologyandotherdisciplinesbyinternationalscholars.Todaysworldisaneraofglobalization,peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundshavingmoreandmorecommunication,interculturalcommunicationisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Inthispaper,twotypesoftheunderstandingobstaclesininterculturalcommunication,failuresin interculturalcommunicationprocessbecauseofthelanguagedifference,orbecauseoftheculturaldifferencebarriers,generalreactionstotheproblemandsomeeffectivesolutionswerediscussed.2.1.2 LanguageThere are lots of definitions of language. For example, Language “is not to be confused with human speech, of which it is only a definite part, though certainly an essential one. It is both a social product of the faculty of speech and a collection of necessary conventions that have been adopted by a social body to permit individuals to exercise that faculty”.(Ferdinand de Saussure 1857-1913)Language is a set of (finite or infinite) sentences, each infinite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. (Chomsky, 1957)Or a language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates.”- Bernard Bloch (1907-1965) & George Trager (1906-1992)Besides these definitions, in broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2.1.3 CultureCulture (from the Latin culture stemming from cohere, meaning to cultivate) is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of culture in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word culture is most commonly used in three basic senses: one is excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture; the second is an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning; the last is the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group. While broadly speaking, culture has a broad sense. It means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language.2.2. What is the relationship between language and culture?Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, they maintain, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.Cultures differ from one another, that each culture is unique, as cultures are diverse, so languages are diverse. And learning a foreign language well means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms. It means learning also to see the world as native speakers of that language see it, learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customers, and behavior of their society, learning to understand their “language of the mind”. Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable from learning its culture.2.3. What is my view on the language-and-culture?Language is an essential and important part of a given culture. The impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable.It is well known, the person is the main part which the social group composes, was persons existence constituted the entire societys formation. Thus, a person speaks, a human relation way, even is the life custom, and the entire environment which is together with it is closely linked. At the same time, a persons words and deeds manner, also inevitably can come under the environment influence. Is not difficult to know that, the so-called human relation process is the people utilize the language knowledge and the social culture knowledge transmission information process. But two come from to the different region person, deeply oneself in environment influence, no matter is in speaks, handles matters, in the life custom, can have the enormous difference, therefore the study language and the understanding language reflected the cultural context knowledge is cannot separate.Because the cultural background is different, hold the person of dissimilarity language at confabulation, even the language be without any error accurate, will also produce misconstruction. Usually say because of a words can not body, make the hearer hold the belly cachinnation. The language reflects a characteristic of race and it not only includes history and cultural background of that race, but also contains that viewpoint, life style and mode of thinking of race to life. Language and culture influence each other, interplay; Comprehend the language has to understand culture, comprehend that the culture has to understand language. Pass various outlet, I understood more knowledge concerning the language and the cultural. Because of the difference of culture, usually discover audience hazing no a reflection to a certain joke that he speak at the person of foreign lecture. An inside country youth arrives a nearby swimming pool to swim, in a short while came back, a foreigner ask why, his explanation say:” Person in the swimming pool is too many and water is too dirty, early should change. Be like the sesame sauce cooks dumpling.” Another Chinese youth smiled, but that foreigner doesnt know that what sesame sauce is at all with cook dumpling. The basic felling doesnt arrive the slightest humor. Often said when Chinese met to say hello each other:” Did you eat?” But the foreigner will think that this kind of hello is to say:” I also didnt eat and lets walk to eat some thing together!” This kind of hello thinks that invites other people to have a meal. Also ever foreign scholars stammer Ba Di4 who just got to China said with the Chinese language:” You why old ask me have already eaten? I am rich. There is Good morning in English, Good afternoon, you good in the all equal to Chinese language of the Good evening. But Good noon, all of Good nights is take leave say of words. At the United States, we often hear the American women talk how the work of her husband make great effort and do so outstanding, get reward etc. An American university starts the Chinese language vernacular speech training class, there are two teachers to teach and their native languages talk isnt all Chinese language. While have a class, the male teacher points oneself to say:” Is this a thing?” The female teacher shakes to say:” You arent a thing.” The male teacher asks again:” Are you a thing?” The female teachers answer:” No, I am not a thing. In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kinds of meanings: On the other hand symbolize longevity, and then call names on the other hand. But didnt associate so in the western culture, tortoise however is activity slow-moving, ugly animal just. T