第三讲形容词副词.doc

中考英语总复习第三讲 形容词和副词主讲人：郑艳丽 班级：三班1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film?(3) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.(4) 当名词被多个形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为： （限定词）一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词（名词）。如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。(5) 有些以-ly为结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如， friendly, lovely, silly, lively等。(6) 以-ing为结尾的形容词通常修饰物；以-ed为结尾的形容词通常修饰人。2. 副词的用法(1) 副词用来修饰动词，形容词或其他副词，在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr. Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.5)按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如： We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. He watched TV at home last night. (3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, also, either这三个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句置于句末，also用于肯定句句中，either用于否定句句末。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.They are also students.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready和yet通常用于现在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句末。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.5) hard, hardlyhard“努力地，辛苦地”，“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly“几乎不，几乎没有”是频率副词。例如： We should study hard.I can hardly see the words on the blackboard.6) too, enough, sotoo“太， 很”用于“tooto”结构中，表示否定含义，“太而不能”enough“足够”用于“形容词/副词+enough to”结构中，表示“足够”so“这样”用于“sothat”结构中，表示“如此.以至于”例如：Im too tired to go on the work.The girl is old enough to go to school.The lake is so deep that nobody dare swim in it. 7) so, suchso是副词修饰形容词或副词; such是形容词修饰名词，so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，例如，he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy. It is such cold weather. They are such good students.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1) “as+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，用来表示双方（人或事物）程度相等，意为“和一样”This box is as big as mine. This computer runs as fast as that one.2) “not so (as) +形容词/副词原级+as”结构，用来表示双方（人或事物）程度不相等，意为“不如” Jack is not so/as tall as Mike. Henry doesnt study as hard as his elder brother.3) than置于形容词副词比较级之后是基本的比较级的表示法。 I dont think his handwriting is more beautiful than yours. 可以修饰形容词比较级的一些词：a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, yet, rather, far等。4) “比较级 + and + 比较级 ”, 表示“越来越. ”。Its getting hotter and hotter.5) “the+比较级, the+比较级” 表示“越. 就越.”。 The more exercises you do, the healthier you will become.6) “the +最高级”用来表示某人或某物查过同一范围的其他的人或事物。 主语+谓语（系动词）+the+最高级+（名词）+in/of+范围 Bob is the tallest boy in our school. Lin Tao jumped the farthest of all.7) “one of the +最高级+名词复数”表示“最之一”Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.8) 比较级和最高级的转换主语+谓语（系动词）+比较级+than+any other+单数名词=主语+谓语（系动词）+比较级+than the other+复数名词=主语+谓语（系动词）+the+最高级+单数名词例如：The Yangtze river is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in China.=The Yangtze river is the longest river in China.形容词和副词过关检测I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。（20分）1. Bill is _(tall) than Tom.2. Helen is the _ (young) in our class.3. The boy put on his coat and went out _(quiet).4. Alice felt very (happy) at her birthday party.5. Which is (far) from us, the Mars or the moon?6. She is_ (thin) than me.7. It snowed _ (heavy) last week and now the hills are covered with snow.8. John seems to be the (busy) boy in his company.9. “The sooner, the _ (good)”, the teacher says to us.10. Tammy has the (little) bread of the three girls.11. We dont think their classroom is as _(clean) as ours.12. Lily walks as _ (slow) as Nancy does.13. -Who does_(good) in English in your class? -Its Li Lei.14. She asked us to take a _ (care) look at everything in the lab.15. Shanghai is one of the _ (big) cities in the world.16. Whose is the (beautiful) skirt of the three?17. The sick old woman is getting _ (ill).18. The meat smells _(bad). Please take it away.19. The wind is blowing _ (strong).20. How _ (heavy) it is raining!. 单项选择。（50分）( ) 21.Im shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board _.A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good( ) 22. Jean works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as( ) 23. This is _ book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting( ) 24. Do you think maths is _ important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite( ) 25. They got a Christmas tree and it was _ ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as( ) 26. What news it was! Yes, all of the adults were very . A. surprising; surprised B. surprising; surprising C. surprised; surprised D. surprised; surprising( ) 27. This kind of apples looks . I think so. They taste even .A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best( ) 28. Tim became when he heard the exciting news.A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. happily( ) 29. The ice is more than one meter thick and its _ enough for us to skate on.A. long B. high C. thick D. wide( ) 30. She is _ to dress herself.A. big enough B. old enough C. enough tall D. enough good( ) 31. What_ things can you see in the box? Nothing, I think.A. other B. else C. another D. others( ) 32. He is _ careful as me, but Im_ than you.A. as; much careful B. as; much more carefulC. so; more careful D. so, very careful( ) 33. Jack has made _progress this month than before.A. little B. less C. fewer D. much( ) 34. What is_ from us, the sun, the moon or the earth?A. far B. farther C. the farthest D. the farther( ) 35. Maria sings English songs _of us all.A. badly B. worse C. more badly D. worst ( ) 36. Of the two boys, Dick is_ one. I think you can find him easily.A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest( ) 37. What a_ cough! You seem_ ill.A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly( ) 38. If you want to know the word_, youd better look it up in the dictionary.A. hardly B. carefully C. mostly D. exactly( ) 39. Would you please speak _ to an old man?A. kind B. kindly C. bad D. badly( ) 40. Lily always finishes her homework on time. She_ leaves it for tomorrow.A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes( ) 41. Can you catch what I said? Sorry, I can _understand it.A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. hard( ) 42. Hi, Lucy! I cant find my English book. Have you seen it_? Sorry, I havent. Why not ask Ben? Maybe hes seen it.A. somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere( ) 43. Have you had your breakfast_? Yes, I have _had it.A. already; yet B. yet; yet C. already; never D. yet; already( ) 44. I havent been to New York yet. I havent been there_.A. too B. also C. either D. neither( ) 45. Please dont eat_ chocolate. Its bad for your health.A. much too B. too much C. too many D. many too( ) 46. The house is _ expensive that I cant afford it.A. so B. such C. very D. quite( ) 47. I felt tired yesterday evening, so I went to bed _ than usual.A. early B. earlier C. late D. later( ) 48. The dog is getting old and cannot run _it did.A. as faster as B. so fast than C. faster D. so fast as( ) 49. I think computer science is _ foreign languages.A. so difficult as B. as difficult asC. very difficult than D. much difficult than( ) 50. Which one do you like_, the bigger one or the smaller one?A. well B. good C. better D. best( ) 51.Tom never does his homework _ Alice. So he makes more mistakes. A, as carefully as B, so careful as C, less carefully than D, more careful than( ) 52.Water pollution is one of _ in our country.A, serious problem B, the more serious problemsC, most serious problems D, the most serious problems( ) 53.The pizza was too small, so she decided t