岩土工程施工中关于深基坑支护的研究.docx

附录2外文资料ThestudywithregardtodeepfoundationpitduringgeotechnicalengineeringconstructionAt present of the rock engineering,the excavation of deep foundationand supporting structurerelate tothe engineering geology,engineeringstructure,building materials,construction technologyetc.Because supporting structureis composed ofseveralindependent functionsystem. Regardless of the overallfunctional structure designand construction organization. Itshouldstart to eachpart coordination to ensure safe, reliable,economical and reasonable.This essay mainly analyzes thedeep foundation supportingproblems andof geotechnical engineering construction.Keywords:Geotechnical engineering;Deep excavation; Supporting; BuildingconstructionThe foundation engineeringis a practicalandvery strong empiricallydiscipline. In the actual construction, we need facemore and moredeepfoundation trend. Especially theincreaseofenvironmental protection requirements on nowadays. We need morerigorous scientificattitudeto treat thedeep foundation support. The article will discuss deep foundationsupporting about the common problemsand the countermeasures in this context studying.The author hopes sum upandimprove the technical levelin the future engineering practiceconstantly, and makes contribution for thedevelopment of theory and practice ofdeep foundation pit engineering.There are problems in the construction of deep foundation pit support.1.sloping repairis not up to the standardof over breakand under breakphenomenoninconstruction of deep foundation pitin the actualrequirements. These areaffected by theconstruction managementis not in place andthe manipulatoroperation leveland other factors. Itmakes the slopesurfacemechanical excavationtheflatnessand straightnessof irregular,and the artificialrepairsanddue to the limitation ofnotfor the depth of excavation. Itoften appearsretaining paymentof over breakandunder break phenomenon.These are more commondeficiencyin the constructionof deep foundation pit support engineering.2.The differences between the construction process and constructiondesignofdeep foundation pitengineering construction. Deep mixingcementpileare often inadequate, this will affect cement-soil retaining Gongman change and then make thecement soilcracks. In addition,in the actual construction,shoddyphenomenonis not uncommon,the designof excavationdeep foundation pit excavationprogramoftenonrequestto reduce the deformation of bracing anddrawing. Butin actual construction,it oftenregardless ofthese patterns,rob progress,diagramoflocalbenefit.ThiscageengravedmasterwillcauseJerryphenomenon.Deepexcavation is a space problem.The traditional deep foundation pit supporting structure design istreated as planestrain problem.The problemofspacebefore the treatmentand required bytheplane stressmomentsectiondesignin failed. The structure of the supporting structureshould be adjusted to adapt to the requirements of thespaceeffect ofexcavation.This pointin the designand actual construction isbigger. It also need high value.3.The soil excavation and slope supporting do not form a complete set of earthwork excavation technology including leads,so the organization managementis easy.Whileretainingthehigh technical content,construction organizationandmanagement are morecomplex about earthwork excavation.So in the actual construction process, the large engineering is completed bya professional construction team usually. And the vast majority aretwo parallelcontract.So,in the construction of harmoniousmanagement are very difficult. Earthwork construction units tograb progress,drag period,open bidding andares sequenceis chaotic,especiallypropose anotherperiod ofconstruction,and even regardless of retainingconstructionwork required for thesurface,leaving afirstsupporting constructionsurfaceis almostunable to operate,timecan not be completed.Nursingwork,the underground constructionproject belongs to the geotechnical engineering,qualification does not limit strictly,foundation pit engineeringsub contractis more common, some construction unitsdo not have thetechnical conditions. In pursuit of profits and modify on engineering design,broadssafety degree.Siting managementconfusion, resulting in danger,notthe information constructionand dynamic management.This is one ofproblems in deep foundation pit supportconstruction.Implementation strategies of deep excavation in geotechnical engineering:Change the traditional deep excavation engineering design.In recent years,our country hasaccumulated a lot of experience really in deep excavation technology and worked out the laws of rock supporting changes in the actual hook stretched preliminarily. For building the sound new theories and methods of deep foundation pit supporting structure design to lay a good foundation. But forrock and soilof retaining structure of deep foundation pitdesignandconstruction method ofpractical trainingis stillin the process of learning and discussing. And at present there is no unifiedsupport structure design normsandsocksbetter.The distribution of earth pressure according toKulunor Rankinetheory to determine,retaining pilesare still using equivalent beam methodto calculate.These oldcalculation theory ofthe calculated results with thesupporting structure of deep foundation pit and the actual stressof large difference,neither safe nor economic.Therefore,the constructionof retaining structure of deep foundation pitdesignshould notusethe traditionalload structuremethod,but it shouldchange the traditional design idea completely, and establishinformation dynamic gradually to feedbackdesignsystem based on the construction monitoringoriented.2. Pay attention to observe deformationandremedy timely.Geotechnicalengineering ofdeep foundation pit supporting structureobservation of deformation includes:Viewing of the pit slope deformation.,observation ofdeformation,surrounding buildingsand underground pipelines.Over the monitoring data can be analyzed in a timelymanner and to keep abreast of earth excavation and support design in the practical application case. Analyzing the existence of deviation can understand deformed condition of the soil excavation and earthwork excavation as well as the impact of the settlement of the case, such as deformation of underground pipelines.The deviationin designing,correctingdesign of the trainingparameterstimelyinthelowerconstruction,theconstructionsitetotakeappropriateremedialandcontrolmeasures.Therefore,requireon-sitedeformationo bservationdatamustbe accurateand reliable.And In strict accordance with the requirements of the deformation observers carefully measuring predetermined design side, serious and responsible to ensure quality of the observation.If you find anomalies in the actual measurement, youneed to take immediate measures to prevent it and its evil once large deformation or sliding, immediately analyze the main reason to make reliable reinforcement design and construction programs that work quickly and reinforcement effectively prevent the deformation or sliding continue to develop. Norms as well as local and regional research and application engineering experience have been the excavation industry. For currently used by experts in the form of major domestic complicated excavation of the project to ensure safety. Reduce the cost effective and realistic approach.3.Construction quality of drawing excavation all the way.Geotechnical construction deep excavation lies process control. If control link of construction process has some problems,it will be difficult to correct and repair. So the penalty door must be strictly control the construction process management to insure the quality ofconstruction.附录3中文翻译岩土工程施工中关于深基坑支护的研究目前在岩土工程中，深基坑的开挖及支护结构涉及工程地质、工程结构、建筑材料、施工工艺等诸多方面。因为支护结构是由若干具有独立功能的体系组成的整体,所以不管是结构设计还是施工组织都应从整体功能出发,要把各个组成部分协调好,才能确保它的安全可靠、经济合理。本文主要解析了岩土工程施工中深基坑支护出现的问题及处理。 关键词：岩土工程；深基坑；支护；建筑施工 当前基坑工程专业是一门实用性及经验性很强的学科，在实际施工中面临着基坑越来越深的趋势，尤其是在环保要求逐渐提高的今天，我们需要以更加严谨的科学态度来对待深基坑支护问题，文章正是在这样的背景下探讨了深基坑支护中常见的问题及其处理对策，作者以期在今后的工程实践中不断总结和提高技术水平，为发展深基坑工程的理论和实践做出贡献。 一、深基坑支护施工中存在的问题 1.边坡修理达不到规范要求 实际的深基坑施工中常存在超挖和欠挖的现象，都是由于受到施工管理人员不到位以及机械操作手的操作水平等多种影响因素的影响，使得机械开挖后的边坡表面的平整度和顺直度不规则，而人工修理时又由于条件的限制不可能作深度挖掘，故经常性的会出现挡土支付后出现超挖和欠挖现象。这是深基坑支护工程施工中较为常见的不足之处。2、施工过程与施工设计的差异大 深基坑支护工程施工中，深层搅拌桩的水泥掺量常常不足，这就会影响水泥土的支护弓曼变，进而使得水泥土发生裂缝，另外，在实际施工中，偷工减料的现象也并不少见，深基坑挖土设计中常常对挖土程序有所要求来减少支护变形，并进行图纸交底，而实际施工中往往不管这些框框，抢进度，图局部效益，这笼刻主就会造成偷工减料现象的发生。深基坑开挖是一个空间问题。传统的深基坑支护结构的设计是按平面应变问题处理的。在未能进行空间问题处理前而需按平面应刻段设设计时，支护结构的构造要适当调整，以适应开挖空间效应的要求。这点在设计与实际施工相差较大，也需要引起高度的重视。3.土层开挖和边坡支护不配套土方开挖技术含引氏，组织管理容易。而挡土支护的技术含量高，施工组织和管理都较土方开挖复杂。所以在实际的施工过程中，大型的工程一.般都是由专业的施工队伍来完成的，且绝大部分都是两个平行的合同。这样，在施工中协调管理的难度大，土方施工单位抢进度，拖工期，开招顷序较乱，特另提雨期施工，甚至不顾挡土支护施工所需工作面，留给支护施工的铡乍面几乎是无法操作，时间上也无法完成支护工作