2013年高考英语冲刺讲义.doc

请上或上百度,输入沈阳高分英语家教吴军查询!2013高考英语完形填空技巧点拨一、猜题思路分析 从近三年来全国及各省高考英语试卷“完形填空”试题的命制，基本上遵循了“突出语篇， 强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路。试题特点鲜明“考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况”，即要求考生通读短文，掌握文章大意，综合运用所学的词汇、语法等知识，从试题所提供的词汇、短语中判断出使短文意思通顺、结构完整的词汇或短语，在语篇中考查学生的语言知识灵活运用能力。完形的选材通常是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动方面的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富，文章内容健康、时尚，将知识、文化、教育、趣味融为一体，即：时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐。2013年的完形填空将会继续朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展。 二、完形填空的命题特点 完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型， 它要求学生掌握词汇知识，习惯用语，语法知识，句法结构，而且要有一定的语篇领悟能力，逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能力，是综合了现行的单选和阅读的考查，特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用。 一）完形填空所考查的能力： 词汇(词的基本用法、词的搭配和习惯用语、同义词/近义词/形似词的区分)语法(句型结构分析) 阅读理解能力（快速阅读、找中心句和理顺文章结构） 推理、分析、判断、归纳概括能力 背景知识和生活常识 二）完形填空的命题特点 1高考完形填空试题材料的词汇量比以前有所增加，文章的难度也相应增大，考查由局部理解向整体理解转移，增加了语篇理解的试题，设问角度突出考查对上下文乃至全篇的理解。 2试题考查点减少了单句层次的试题，淡化语法，而被情景选择所取代。 3文章体裁仍以记叙文或夹叙夹议为主，选材体现时代性、思想健康。在布空方面以实词为主，其中以动词、名词、形容词、副词为核心，另外，选项具有扰性有效性和干，充分体现语言知识灵活运用的特征。 4对民族文化和语言背景知识的考查加大。 三、完形填空解题步骤 总则：在把握整篇文章的基础上对句子内部的情况进行分析。 1.必读首尾句,预测主题,判断文体 完形填空短文无标题,首句不设空,所以要必读首句。另外，学生还要认真读第二段的首句，第一段的尾句及整篇文章的尾句（文章的主题句有时在第二自然段的句首，有时在第一自然段的句尾或整篇文章的句尾）。 记叙文:首句交待4个W(when, where, who , what)； 说明文:首句提出/解释说明某事物； 议论文:首句提出一个论点； 2.跳读全文，领会大意 借助首尾句提示，跳过空格，快速把短文从头至尾读一遍，进一步从整体上理解短文大意。 3通读全文，试选答案 抓住上下文内容联系和逻辑关系，把所给4个选项分别放入空格所在句子中试填，弄清空格处待填的是什么词，起何作用，同时注意习惯表达及语法知识。 4细读全文，推敲难题 根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案提供的信息，对难的备选项仔细推敲。 如实在难以确定，采用“排除法”，首先排除在语法/内容上明显不符合要求的答案，再对剩下的选项比较。 5复读全文，调整答案 把所填的答案代入空格，检查所选答案是否能使文章上下连贯，前后照应，逻辑合理（对于模棱两可的答案，最好尊重第一印象，不改动为好；实在不能解决的空格，只能凭语感来选择）。 四、完形填空解题方法及备考策略 一）词汇知识的运用（各类词的用法及搭配、词语辨析） 1动词 1）动词的结构功能（vi./vt./linkv., 接什么样的宾语，能否接复合宾语，接什么样的复合宾语） eg （1）. But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students improve their reading skills. A. force B. help C. get D. wish 析：选【B】。只有help 可接help sb.do sth. 2)分析上下文情景，注意词汇与话题的同现 结构是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的，所以要分析上下文情景。 （2）（Father）“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We_,went to our room and closed the door. A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied 析：【C】上文父亲吩咐她们上楼到自己的房间去，她们去了，说明按父亲的吩咐做了，所以选C。 2代词（不定代词/指示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑问代词/关系代词/相互代词等） 1.不定代词（some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等） 2指示代词（that, this, these, those, such ,same, so） one 代C 泛指，指非限定的一个；可代人/物 that 代C 特指；不可代人；代物U this 近指，后指 that 远指，前指 （3）_ is the sports programme. 开始体育节目。 （4）_ is the end of the news. 新闻到此结束。 Keys: （3）This 4）That 3.名词/形容词/副词/介词（依上下文语义/语境要求，搭配，话题来选） 4同义词/近义词/形似词 1）词的搭配能力(rise/raise, hope/wish) 如：demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick ones pocket request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sh. from sb. 2)单词的适用范围/场合 如：voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg，kill/murder等 3）单词的感情色彩 如：die 中性词，pass away 表示对死者的尊敬 4）过程与结果的不同 look for/search 重过程 find/discover 重结果 5)区分结构类似而意思不同的表达法 如：be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth. take place/take ones place/take the place of cant help do sth./cant help doing sth./cant help but do sth. 6)注意有意识与无意识 如：notice:表无意识行为，observe/watch/see 表有意识行为 5.词语的搭配 1）动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强，要常记，记牢，记熟) do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.) make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, ones way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.) 2）名词的搭配 形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，学生要注意“貌合神离”的词语。如： lucky dog 幸运儿 right hand得力助手 narrow escape死里逃生 dark horse出人意料的获胜者 3）形容词的搭配 有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰，表示强调，使表达更加生动。常见的有：pitch dark（漆黑的）, brand new （崭新的）,crystal clear（水晶般的） ,wide open（张得大大的）, fast asleep（睡得很熟的）, wide awake（完全醒着的）, icy cold（冰冷的）, etc. 有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配，学生应注意比较、归纳。如： sick for 渴望 tired from因 而疲劳 engaged in 忙于 sick of 厌倦 tired of 对 厌倦 engaged to 与某人订婚 二）篇章技巧的运用 一个完整的语篇，一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章结构技巧。作者借助于篇章技巧成文，学生在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。 1复现 “词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词（总分关系）以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现（其中一种表达是对另一种的解释）。具体指某一词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词、同源词、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，并起到了衔接全文的作用。 （5）First of all, he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to_ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 析：【D】同源词复现，由window-cleaner可知为clean the window2. 同现 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇（篇章中的词汇链）。 1) 名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2) 动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3)形容词同现 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：（key）school（optional）course（compulsory）course 4) 结构同现 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如： some,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former,latter; sothat; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when; （6）I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 析：【A】名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。 （7）We were _42_ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, 42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 析：【A】结构同现，be about to do when 3逻辑关系 一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词： 1.递进 in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比较 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.强调 certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially in particular, absolutely, 6.让步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary 超级雷人的技巧 顶极给力的规律2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则（教案）什么是矩阵法则？在复杂的阅读问题中，往往存在许多成对的质量因素将这些成对因素找出来，分别排列成行和列，其交点就是其相互关联的程度，在此基础上再找出存在的问题及问题的形态，从而找到解决问题的思路。2012高考英语如何才能“马”上成功？ 努力+骑上一匹好马！你和马赛跑，谁跑的快？当然是马！尤其是一匹可以成为冠军的快马！即使你没成为冠军，但因骑在“马”上，从而也非常接近成功了！众所周知，姚明因NBA火箭队这匹快马而星光璀璨！您的孩子就如同刚刚加入NBA小牛队的易建联！矩阵法则将使您的孩子 快速提分 易如反掌！ 学习信心 建入佳境！ 金榜题名 浮想联翩！还记得吗？吴军老师在2011年高考英语阅读中帮您解决了下列问题：高考英语如何才能瞬间大幅度提分？模棱两可处和看不懂，该怎么办？2012年将为您解密高考阅读标准答案设置规律: 矩阵法则比如我给你三个矩阵法则序列，来选择下列无法定位的2007辽宁卷58题：出题大概是按照顺序出的；选项中被动结构的容易是答案；找不到或找不全关键字无法确定出题点时,可按出题顺序,大致找到未出题的段落,然后看段首尾有没有段落中心句,没有就看该段反复出现了哪个名词,含有它或与其意思倾向就是答案了.What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Todays leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory. In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on-in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones. It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.56According to the passage, human death IS now mainly caused by_.Adiseases and aging Baccidents and warCaccidents and aging Dheart disease and war57In the author s opinion, todays most important advance in technology lies in_. 细节题可根据提干关键字到原文中定位！Amedicine B. the Internet Cbrain cells D. human organ58Humans may live longer in the future because_.Aheart disease will be far away from usBhuman brains can decide the final deathCthe basic materials of cells will last foreverDhuman organs can be repaired by new medicine59We can learn from the passage that _. 推论在尾段，找不到就向中心靠拢，或找but句。Ahuman life will not last more than 120 years in the futureBhumans have to take medicine to build new skin cells nowCmuch needs to be done before humans can have a longer lifeDwe have already solved the technical problems in building new cells发现此细节题通过关键字无法定位，但57和59题都解决了，发现第二大段没出题或只出了一个题，按出题顺序，本问题58题应该定位在第二段。通过选项中被动结构的容易是答案原则，可定位58题D选项容易是答案！然后划D项中的名词medicine和organs，到第二大段中去找。发现medicine在第二大段中反复出现，即为中心词。当然就可以确定D是答案了！ 我们刚刚出炉的2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则，因商业秘密而只能点到为止，欢迎懂英语的父母或其亲属认真考核，从速折扣预定！吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗？是！一点儿没错！效果是绝对的真实！作为一种标准化考试，选择题本身是有很多缺陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点，就是解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究，对这些暗示点进行了全面、深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀!每一个秘诀的准确率都在95%以上，甚至是100% 吴军英语高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影！甚至是一剑封喉！马上用吴军英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇到吴军老师，您太幸运了！请上或上百度,输入沈阳高分英语家教吴军查询!现在预定吴军2012高考英语高分秘诀系统教案巨划算！2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则教案 原价3200元 现5折 1600元2012高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案 原价3200元 现5折 1600元2012高考英语3天提分秘诀教案 原价6000元 现6折 3600元2012高考英语高频答案词汇教案 原价5000元 现5折 2500元2012年4月初恢复原价！唤起迅捷激情 震撼学子心灵2012高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案透过已知信息推断未知信息不易策略，扫描选项，在万变中找到不变的规律！简易策略，瞻前顾后，化繁为简，化难为易！变易策略，左顾右盼，以变制变，熟能生巧！首尾段首尾句,边做边看选项中与中心同现词或复现词!扫描选项 同义词 / 同类词排除 高频答案词 相反项有解 同现思路 瞻前顾后 复现 逻辑结构 左顾右盼 P原则 关联结构技巧归纳: 感情色彩 时态暗示法 动词综合法(主语/宾语是人是物? 及不及物?过程还是结果?.), . (略) 共20多项法则,交叉都指向同一个答案才最准确!满分策略: 五四运动法 串线交叉法 主线贯穿法, .(略) 节选教案试看!瞻前顾后同现复现逻辑结构同现中心同现是指段落的首段的中心词或段落中反复出现的名词或名词词组,在被选空格内的句子中也重复出现或与其意思倾斜向;词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。首段首句一般都是中心句,名词是核对重点!Then , mountain - climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly _28_ about getting to the _29_ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle _30_other human begins. And then , when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult _31_, what a _32_ reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look _33_ on everything within _34_! At such time , you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down _35_. 与首尾句名词 动词 形容词 副词倾向!28.A.excited B. interested C.dangerous D.terrible 32.A.surprising B.excited C.disappointing D.astonishing Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her _1_ concert. She had been waiting for this _2_ for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her _3_ is.”The song made her _4_ to the days when she was Laurens _5_. As a young _6_, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied _7_ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine _8_ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be _9_ to study hard and work for many years. 3. A. voiceB. faceC. dressD. life7. A. FrenchB. musicC. pianoD. dance8. A. actressB. studentC. singerD. dancerK抓住中心意思-围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词)Every Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall ( 演讲厅 ) but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or there of the _1_, many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. The professor begins by selecting one _2_ of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class _3_. 1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures仅有技巧和词汇是不够的,高频答案词及短语,是突破的关键!但相当多的具体情况和难以处理的选项,做起来还是有些吃力,怎么办?吴军老师刚刚出炉的2012高考英语完形暗示点全归纳将使您傲视群雄!宾语从句是特殊疑问句WH-或whether/if时,要选下列动词:ask, doubt, wonder, want to know, know, guess答题选动词:2011全国新课标卷The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 41 an important lesson about science.38. Acount B. guess C. report D. watch考察动词，或根据后文wildly wrong guesses的提示，考虑复现选B。 反过来选WH-或whether/if:2011安徽卷One afternoon. I walked into a building to ask 41 there were any job opportunities(机会)，The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 42 .41. A. why B. wherever C. whether D. whenever一天，作者走进一座大楼去问“是否”(whether)有自己能做的工作。选C。A项为“为什么”；B项为“无论在那”；D项为“无论何时”怎么样?这样做题快吗?为了让您更加深信不疑,我们再免费发布一个法则,你可以马上用下列真题或你学校的模拟练习题来验证一下,好使,就要赶紧预定呦!每省仅限定10套,额满即!止正面的,积极的,肯定的, 还是负面的,消极的,否定的?“Im sorry, but we have enough 27 for the newspaper already. Come back next year and well talk then.” Jenna smiled 28 and left. “Why is high school so 29 ?” she sighed. 叹气sighed说明是勉强的,选消极的weakly28. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedly D. brightlyTired and sad,she told her story 38 ,not to anyone in particular.38.A.tearfully B.seriouslyC.carefullyD.calmlyIt seems funny that we are _40_ for things, with which we are unfamiliar or about which we are _41_, but we all, my friends as well as I, consider this one of lifes _42_ .41. A. uncertain B. unhappy C. not pleased D. careful 2011四川卷I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as a happy wife and businesswoman. When Mum 21 in October 2007, I was a cook. In December that year. while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me 22 . I was distraught（忧心如焚的）.Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day. “could probably have made a fortune 24 he necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. 22.A. burned B. disappeared C . broke D. dropped 22空就近distraught（忧心如焚的）是负的,只有disappear是负的；burn燃烧；break打破；drop降低，落下。有后文的我感到“忧心如焚”及“归还”（return）可知此处是指项链丢失了。B2011安徽卷Nearly ten minutes later, he 45, He asked me about my plans and encouraged me to stay 46 . Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak to 47 a job. 积极的! I was a little surprised. but had a 48 feeling about him. Along the way ,I realized that I had 49 resumes(简历). Seeing this, the man 50 at his business partners office to make me fifteen 51 copies. He also gave me some 52 on dressing and speaking. I handed out my resumes and went home feeling very 53 . The following day, I received a 54 from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job.46. A. silent B. busy C. positive D. comfortable他问了问我的打算，鼓励我要振作起来，不要灰心。选C。A项为“沉默不语的”；B项为“忙绿的”；C项为“积极乐观的，有信心的”；D项为“舒适的，舒服的”。48. A. dull B. good C. guilty D. general作者对他的主动帮助感到有点惊奇，但是对他充满了“好感” (good feeling)。选B。A项为“阴暗的，无趣的”；C项为“内疚的”；D项为“一般的，普通的”。53. A. lonely B. funny C. disappointed D. satisfied我分发完简历回到家感到非常“满意”(satisfied)。选D。A项为“寂寞的，孤独的”；B项为“滑稽的，可笑的”；C项为“失望的，沮丧的”。2011四川卷Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day. “could probably have made a fortune 24 the necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. Hearing how Id 26 Mum for six months before her death, he said, “Christmas is going to be 27 why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks?27.A.long B. hard C. merry D. freedeath.在27空附近是负的,B项对应。在万家团圆的圣诞节，母亲刚去世，对我来说一定很难熬。B吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗？是！一点儿没错！效果是绝对的真实！作为一种标准化考试，选择题本身是有很多缺陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点，就是解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究，对这些暗示点进行了全面、深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀!每一个秘诀的准确率都在95%以上，甚至是100% 吴军英语高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影！甚至是一剑封喉！马上用吴军英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇到吴军老师，您太幸运了！请上或上百度,输入沈阳高分英语家教吴军查询!号外！想揭秘高考出题者的答案最爱吗？想毫无顾忌地秒杀正确答案吗？梦想今天就可以成真！联想记忆法,词根记忆法,记忆树学词汇和右脑记忆法是挺好的,但就是学起来太累!而且还与答题语境和正确选项无关！好不容易记住了,考试却选错了!付出了100%却得不到5%的回报!另外，有些知名的英语考试专家，虽然发现了很多规律，但相当部分都是太复杂，好比又多学了一科哲学课程。那么，有没有既简单又易理解,还能在考试中立竿见影的学习秘诀呢？继沈阳吴军老师2011-2012年推出的高分密码后，2012年他又创意出高考英语高频答案词一本通教案。这套系统教案在发布高频答案词的同时，又大量加入了11年来高考真题和模拟题做为考例并做