2005-2009考研阅读真题核心词汇.doc

2005年真题Text 1They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. 合作Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. 有着同等地位的人或事When one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. 不情愿的/勉强的The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. 有指导的 情感Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. 可能的 稳定的/安定的/可靠的Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. 愤怒/愤慨/义愤核心词汇nature jealous instruction companion separate train evolve remain自然/本性 忌妒的 说明/教学 同伴/同事/陪伴 分开/分居 训练/练习 进化/进展 保持/剩余物Text 2That the evidence was inconclusive , the science uncertain? 根据/证明That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? 禁止吸烟There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 威胁/恐吓Science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the 供给/提供 可得到的 指导 批评的/重要的world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. 关键的/决定性的 健全的/完全的/推断核心词汇decade judge investigation reveal awareness neglect applicable outcome十年 法官/判断 调查显示/窗框 意识/了解 疏忽 适用于 结果IgnoreOverlookText 3Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat. 怀疑/猜想We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day. 沮丧的/降低的/绝望的The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. As soon as you 联系情感awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. 识别/鉴定/认同Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. 不确定/半信半疑 不安全/不牢靠核心词汇reflect function mechanism negative persist essential avoid 反映/反射 功能/运行/起作用 机械/结构 否定的/消极的 坚持/持续 要素/必要的/本质的 避免/逃避Text 4As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black 承认/公认/注意到English, can be powerfully expressive. 表达的核心词汇inevitable controversy informality entertaining（A） efforts contempt/contemptous不可避免的 争论/争议 非正式 娱乐的 努力 轻视2006年真题Text 1There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” 同样/一致 随意/无心 Characteristic of popular culture. 特征/特色Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, 迎合/投合 精华/精英regardless of class or background. 不管/不顾Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly 移民 几乎不poisonous. 有毒的/恶意的核心词汇associate resistant influence majority popularity rewarding 联系 反抗的 影响力 大多数 流行/普及 有益的Text 2Stratford, as we all know, has only one industry - William Shakespeare - but there are two distinctly 工业/产业/勤奋separate and increasingly hostile branches. 越来越多的 敌对的Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.仍然/然而/不过核心词汇contribution tourism financial detached sympathetic 贡献/捐献 旅游业/观光 金融的 超然的/独立的 同情的/共鸣的Text 3The large animals suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. 灭绝的存活的Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, 企图/试图 估计overestimate / underestimate but rather changes in that biomass over time. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. 可获得的They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” 数据趋势/现在的核心词汇vulnerable outlive original restored efficiency application易受伤的 比.活得长/经受住 原始的 恢复的 效率 应用/申请/专心 Text 4Artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 探索 情感 焦点/集中You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. 争论 怀疑的 现代的Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. 平均数/通常的 被围绕着的 宗教的 商业的Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. 杂志 特征/以为特色 光亮的 名人 家族The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. 可能的/潜在的 失望核心词汇focus religious emerges deny mass media are inclined to disasters 集中 宗教的 浮现 否认/拒绝 大众传媒 倾向于 灾难2007年真题 Text 1What might account for this strange phenomenon? 说明/导致contribute to/ result in / lead to / be responsible for Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, 相反 目标obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 集中/浓缩Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. 同事 追求/追赶核心词汇stress processing genetic dominating overlook nurture压力/强调 进程/步骤 基因的/起源的 主要的 忽视 养育/教育/照顾Text 2Superhigh scores are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population 超高的distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and 分发/分布 平辈/偷窥 区分的multiplying by 100. Traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, 未能 创造力components also critical to problem solving and life success. 合成的 重要的IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. 预知核心词汇concepts indicator intelligence obtain emphasize correlated概念 指示 智力 获得 强调/着重 有相互关系的Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair 依靠/指望play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. 转换/变形As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback a back-up earner 挫折/退步(usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. 劳动力 解雇This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability 保险 无能/残疾insurance to help families weather bad times. 度过/经受住From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to 透视的/看法exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale 练习/运动/运用 金融的 责任心 令人恐惧的加速/促进 批发shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. 危险 负担过重 核心词汇in that insurance invest guarantee pensions conflict ruins因为/由于 保险 投资 保证 退休金 冲突/矛盾/斗争 遗址Text 4The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of 对负责shareholders.股东 暗淡的The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore 经营的 CEO 资产 恢复/归还/翻新and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. 可能的 敏感的核心词汇fierce business competition stock market real estate 激烈的商业竞争股票市场地产/不动产2008年真题Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one 虽然 范围/领域undesirable category. 不受欢迎的 种类Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens. 职位/能力 容忍 压力Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women 接触 任意 身体暴力/狂热 人际关系are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations. 家庭的/国内的Most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. 义务 紧张核心词汇limited avoid barely gender 限制 避免 几乎不 性别Text 2The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. 投资分布 通道/入口/接近核心词汇traditional fund profit considerably facilitates 传统的 基金/资金/投资 利润 非常的/相当大的 促进/帮助Text 3In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice 提高 起因于 越来越 练习/惯例of recruiting players from all over the world. 新成员/招聘At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. 营养不足 malnutrtion 感染If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by 预知 设备and large, “you could use todays data and feel fairly confident.” 公正的 自信的 非常的核心词汇popularity generations achievements employ alter流行 世代成绩 雇佣 改变/更改/切除Text 4More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. 阻止/妨碍While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part 不喜欢/厌恶 奴隶制of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create. 根底/基础核心词汇demonstrate aspect status complex savings accounts moral military political stand 示范/证明 方面 地位/情形 复杂的 储蓄款账户 道德 军事的 政治地位2009年真题Text1In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. 否定的/消极的 内涵The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder. A good innovational thinker is always 创新/革新 魔力/魅力 奇迹/想exploring the many other possibilities.探索Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four 能力/职位 接近/方法 挑战primary ways. 主要的/根本的The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us 现在的 重点 标准的 要闻/强调 分析 程序inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.固有的 合作的Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. 优秀核心词汇casualfamiliarmechanical trace guided model comply with curiosity activates 随意的 熟悉的 机械的 痕迹/追踪 有指导的 模式 服从/遵守 好奇 激活Text 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at 智慧/学问least confirm that hes the kids dad. 确定/批准/证实All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. 需求 可能的 候选人He note