研究生英语翻译答案.doc

第二章1.In circuits requiring capacitance the necessary capacitance is provided by a device called a capacitor在需要电容的线路中，所需的电容由称为电容器的元件提供。2.What would happen provided there were a conducting wire between two points of unequal potential?如果在电位不等的两点间有一根导线，那么情况将会是怎样的呢?3.You must remember that we are here to serve the society that we are building a New SocietyThe bureaucracy has this rare opportunity to prove itS worth to build a progressive nation你们必须记住，我们是为社会服务的，我们正在建设一个新社会，这是全体政府官员显示其才干，建设一个进步国家的好机会。4.There wasno provocationfor such an angry letter写这一封怒气冲冲的信简直是毫无道理。5.We took brief, restless naps，struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague我们忐忑不安，朦朦胧胧地打了几个盹，竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播。1Like charges repel；unlike charges attract相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。2OhmS law is very useful for the industry because it enables one to calculate the current，voltage or resistance of any circuit，if the values of the other two factors are known欧姆定律对工业来说是十分有用的，因为它使人们能算出任何电路中的电流、电压或电阻，条件是已知其中两个因数。3Although the recession has reached every comer of the planet，the impact is uneven虽然这场经济衰退波及全球的每个角落，但各地受到的影响不尽相同。 4. “Outside the stadium something of a carnival atmosphere prevails，he wrote in the American Journal of Sociology“体育馆外边呈现出一种狂欢节似的气氛”，他在美国社会学杂志上写道。5. When the switch is closed，charges from the source will distribute themselves on the plates，that is，a current will flow当开关接通时，来自电源的电荷自行分布在极板上，也就是说，电流就流动了。6Men Can think，feel，and sympathize with each other through their favorite authorThey 1ive in him together，and he in them人们可以通过共同爱好的作家的作品而达到思想感情上的一致。他们的思想和感情都在他的作品中得到反映，而他的思想感情又在他们的身上体现出来。7.But I suspected that if I tried to release the wolf,she would tum aggressive and try to tear me to pieces可是我想，要是我去放这只狼，她会凶狠地扑过来，要把我撕成碎片的。8.Words once reserved for rest-room wa11s are now common stuff in films, plays,books and even on television曾经是不登大雅之堂的言语，如今充斥于电影、戏剧、书籍之中，甚至充斥在电视上。9. Semiconductors have been already foundwide application in radio engineering，automation，electrical engineering and many other branches of science and technology半导体己广泛应用于无线电工程、自动化、电气工程以及许多其他科技分支中。10.In some cases，deserts，are the creation of destruction of virgin forest沙漠有时是人类毁坏原始森林造成的。第三章1.In the evening,after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on repairing the radio receiver晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得修理无线电接收机。2.He felt the patriot rise within his breast，and after all preparations were made，he decided to leave the USat once by plane for our great motherland他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。一切准备工作就绪以后，他就决定立即乘机离开美国，回到我们伟大的祖国来。3.Product technology will shift from the present scale merit technology to technology using microprocessors or minicomputers产品制造技术将从目前的等级优值(从大批量生产中得益的)技术转移到使用微处理机或小型计算机(控制而适合于多品种小批量生产)的技术。4.After people have learned that magnets attract things，centuries passed before they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things人们早已知道了磁铁能吸引别的物体，又过了几百年，才注意到磁铁有时也排斥别的物体这一事实。5. I said to her，“If you have read these stories，tellthem in your own words”But she covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes我对她说：“如果你已读过这些故事，用你自己的话讲出来。”但她用手蒙住脸，好像要保护自己的眼睛。1.Reading makes a full man；conference a ready man；writing an exact man读书使人充实，谈话使人敏捷，写作使人准确。2.After all preparations were made，the planes were flown across the Pacific to SanFrancisco一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越太平洋去旧金山。 3.We must enable everyone who receives education to develop morally，intellectually and physically我们应该使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几个方面都得到发展4.Do you agree with me in doing translation strictly according to the principles studied? 你赞成不赞成我的看法：在进行翻译的过程中，应该严格遵守所学的规则。5.To him，the birds sang，the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed鸟儿向他唱歌，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。6.Before you hand in your paper，you have to read it over and see ifthere is anything in it to be corrected and revised交卷前，必须检查几遍，看有没有需要修改的地方。7.University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。8He is very handsome他很潇洒。9.Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill车未停稳，切勿上下。 10.In twelve Yenan years the Chinese Communists had fitted themselves to the land the rhythm of its seasons，the mood of its peasants十二年的延安岁月，中国共产党人已经适应了当地的风土和季节，也适应了农民潭的气质。第四章1We can never speak without emotion of Chinas telecommunications satellite一谈到我国的电信卫星，我们总是激动万分。2Not much was known of the electronic computer ten years ago10年前关于电子计算机还知道得不多。(“not much”译成部分否定“不多。)3The speed ofradio waves is too great for US to measure in simple units无线电波的速度太大，我们不能用普通的单位来计量。4Very few of the everyday things around US are really pure states of matter我们周围的日常用物中几乎没有什么东西是纯态的。5Proton has a positive charge and electron a negative charge hut neutron has neither质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，而中子则两种电荷都不带。1.Nothing is hard in this world，if you dare to scale the heights世上无难事，只要肯攀登。2.There exist neither perfect insulators nor perfect conductors既没有完全的绝缘体，也没有完全的导体。3.Neither problem has been solved两个问题哪个也没解决。4.All metals are not good conductors并非所有金属都是良导体。5.Thus，friction is not always an evil这样说来，摩擦并非总是不好的。6.Not many ofthings are ofuse in form in which they are found不是许多东西在处于被发现的形式时就是有用的。7.There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces各种材料在力的作用下多少会有些变形。8.Socialism is beyond doubt superior to capitalism社会主义无疑优越于资本主义。9.I dont think electrons Can transfer energy in any circumstance我想，并非在任何情况下，电子都能传送能量。10.Without scientific experiment and without new techniques，there can be no great increase in labour productivity，and our socialist system will not be able to display its superiority to the full不搞科学实验，不采用新技术，就不能大幅度地提高劳动生产率，就不能充分显示我国社会主义制度的优越性。第五章1.Conductors have very small resistances,and the smaller the resistance,the better the conductor导体的电阻小，电阻越小，导体越好。2.There have been many great changes in China since liberation解放以来中国发生了许多巨大的变化。3.The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used throughout the world. 全世界都使用同样的数学记号和符号。4.Ice is not as dense as water and therefore it floats冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。5.Gases are different from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter气体不同于固体，因为气体比固体有更大的压缩性。6. We must advocate hard struggle，which is our intrinsic political characteristic我们要提倡艰苦奋斗，艰苦奋斗是我们的政治本色。7.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist如果以为理性认识可以不从感性认识得来，他就是一个唯心论者。8.The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow太阳晒热大地，这就使植物有可能生长。9.There is nothing that does not contain contradiction；without contradiction nothing would exist没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的，没有矛盾就没有世界。10.Will you tell us something about your teaching plan for next week? 你愿意谈谈你下周的教学计划吗?11.He took out from his pocket the last piece of boiled oxhide and gave it to me他从口袋里拿出最后一块煮熟了的牛皮给我。12.The Cubans fought SO bravely that the invasion was crushed in seventytwo hours古巴人打得很勇敢，他们在七十二小时内就把敌人的入侵粉碎了。13.The more we can do for you, the happier we will be我们为你们做得越多，越感到高兴。14.Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical back ground of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure，caused by rising living standards and family planning由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育，中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化，必须根据这H一历史背景考虑人到老年的问题。15.Having just left school or technical institute，where they had their place and a task to fulfil and where they were known and esteemed by their colleagues，those young people who do not land that first job they were SO eagerly looking forward to have to face up for the first time to unemployment，a situation for which neither family nor school has prepared them青年人在学校或技术学院都各得其所，各有自己需要完成的任务，受到同学的了解和尊重。而现在，他们刚刚离校，却找不到自己孜孜以求的第一个职业，不得不面对有生以来的第一次失业。对于这种情况，无论是家庭还是学校都没有为帮助他们做好准备。第六章1.Some electronic computers can do calculations500,000 times faster than any person can有些电子计算机，其运算速度为人的500 000倍。2.The atomic weight of oxygen is 16 times as heavy as that of hydrogen氧的原子量是氢的16倍。(或译为：氧的原子量比氢的大15倍。)3.The earth is 49 times the size of the moon地球的大小为月球的49倍。4.In 1 999 the output value of this citys light industry multiplied six times as against 19871999年与1987年相比，该市的轻工业总产值增长了五倍。5.There is a three times increase of our institutes area as compared with last year。现在我们学院的面积比去年增加了两倍。6.The output of diesel oil for farm use has been increased by a factor of five these years这几年，农用柴油的产量增加了四倍。7.This year the production of walkingtractors has，increased by three times今年，手扶拖拉机的产量增加了三倍。8.This wire is half as long again as that one这根导线的长度是那根导线的一倍半。(或：这根导线比那根导线长一半。)9.One night on the moon is longer than that on the earth by a factor of 14月球上的一个黑夜的时长是地球上一个黑夜的14倍。(或：月球上的一个黑夜比地球上的一个黑夜长13倍。)10.The production of machine tools has been trebled in our factory我厂的机床产量已提高到原来的三倍。11.The length of the plastic pipe is a three times reduction over that of the metal one这根塑料管的长度比那根金属管的长度缩短了23。12.The weight of the new machine tool was decreased by a factor of ten新车床的重量减少了9l0.13.The cansealing machine works fifty percent faster than that one这台封罐机比那台封罐机的工作速度快一半(50)。14.There is a 15% increase of students as compared with in our college last year我们学院的学生数比去年增加了15。15.The height of the small bridge should be cut to 50%.那座小桥的高度应降低到原来的一半(50)。第七章专业术语1 responser 雷达回答器2 telescribe 电话答录机3 baud 波特（发报速率单位）4 siemens 西门子（电导单位）5 engine 引擎发动机6 microampere 微安（培）7 Yqoint 叉形接头8 Cspring C形接头9 Xwave X波10 Q signal Q信号11 PNPN SWITCH PNPN开关12 Morse code 莫尔斯电码13 walkietalkie 步话机14 submarine 潜水艇缩合词15 Fortran=formulatranslator 公式翻译语言，公式转换器16 Opamp=operational amplifier 运算放大器17 skylab=sky laboratory 天空实验室18 avionics=aviation electronics 航空电子学19 ampholyte=amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质20 transceiver=transmier and receiver 收发报机21 newscast=news broadcast 新闻广播22 telecast=television broadcast 电视广播23 transistor=transferresistor 半导体管，晶体管24 positron=positive electron 正电子25 tacsatcom=tactical satellite communication 战术卫星通讯26 cablegram=cabletelegram 海底电报27 pistolgraph=pistolphotograph 快照摄影机28 收录机面板上的英文 OPEN 开机 PowER OUTPUT：18W PMPo13W RMSMAX 输出功率：正常功率输出：18瓦 最大有效值：13瓦 POWER cONsuMPll0N：24w 功耗：24瓦 DCl2V 8 PCSUM1BATTERIES 直流12伏，1号电池8节 Mw 5251625 kHz 中波 5251625千赫兹 FM 88108 MHz 调频 88108兆赫兹 SWl 237 MHz 短波I 237兆赫兹 SW2 7-22 MHz 短波II 722兆赫兹DIN 噪音 LINEOUT 输出线 LINEIN 输入线EXTMIC 外接话筒EXT SPEAKER 外接扬声器第九章一、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意汉语重“意合，英语重“形合”的特点。1.你来了，我马上就走。1 will go as soon as you come here2.想吃什么，只管告诉我。Whatever you like to eat，just tell me3.跑了和尚，跑不了庙。The monks may run away，but the temple cannot run away4.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。As long as the green mountains are there，one should not worry about firewood5.有一天，他为了一件要紧的事，要搭火车到上海去。他从从容容地走到火车站，迟了两分钟，火车已经开走了。One day，he wanted to go to Shanghai by train on urgent businessBut he arrived at the railway station unhurriedly only to find the train already gone，because he was two minutes late6.送牛奶的同志，进门就夸“好香!这使我们全家都感到骄傲。It filled the whole family with pride whenever the milkman exclaims on entering our gate“What a sweet smell!”7.现在你们是大学生了，作文题目可以由你们自己拟，每学期至少要交七八篇文章，多多益善。Now that youre university students，you may write on any subject of your own choice You must hand in for each semester at least seven or eight compositionsThe more，the better8.在宁静的环境，悠闲的心情中静静地读书，是人生中最有味的享受。It is the greatest joy of life for one to spend his leisure time reading in quiet surroundings9.是好的建议，谁来提都无关紧要。If the suggestion is advisable，it is no matter who gives it10.老人也好，年轻人也好，都应定期体检以了解自己的健康状况。People，old and young，ought to take physical examinations at regular intervals so as to know about their own health二、讨论题。对比原文，看下列译文对语序进行了哪些调整?为什么要这样处理?1.明天晚上在203房间开会。The meeting is to be held in Room 203 tomorrow evening2.他连大衣也忘了拿就跑了。 He rushed off,even forgetting to take his overcoat3.他们的目的是找寻途径来满足农民“变低产田为高产田”的要求。Their aim is to find ways to satisfy the peasantsdemand“to change lowyielding land to high-yielding land”4.他不是那种鲁莽行事的人。He is not a man to act rashly5.我来到厦门中学教书，完全是一种意外的收获。It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher at Xiamen Middie Sch0016.教室里传来了朗朗的读书声。There came the sound of reading aloud in the classroom7.行李压得扁担嘎吱响。The shoulder pole cracked under the weight of the luggage三、用意译法将下列句子翻译成英语。1.穷困时，就一个人跑去马路上喝西北风，躲在亭子间里喝自来水。When Im broke，I11 go strolling around the streets alone on an empty stomach，or shut myself up in my small room with nothing to eat2.路是这般遥远，望过去似乎就在半里以内，而走起来时经过了不知多少的草棚茅舍，还没有到达目的地。The place was farther than it seemedWe had to walk past numerous straw sheds and cottages before we got there3.儿女有时悄悄地溜进我的书房，拨拨117，听那下面一响是某点某分某秒的声儿。My kids would sometimes steal into my study and dial 11 7 to listen to the voicereporting the exact time4.不过，尽管花草自己会奋斗，我若置之不理，任其自生自灭，它们多数还是会死了的。Although such flowers are able to weather through by themselves，I，however，never ignore them or abandon them to their own fate，for otherwise most of them will probably end up dead5.要绝对避免危险就莫要做人。Enjoying absolute safety is humanly impossible6.近几年来，父亲和我都是东奔西走，家中光景是一日不如一日。In recent years，both father and I have been living an unsettled life，and the circumstances of our family going from bad to worse7.小时候我有一个愿望：我愿在你的庇荫下做一世的孩子。现在只有让梦来满足这个愿望了。When 1 was young1 wished I could remain a kid forever under your wingNow I callfulfill this wish only in my dreams8.过去，从斋堂进北京靠羊肠小道，需要六七天的时间。In the past，it took six or seven days to go from Zhaitang to Beijing through a winding trail四、阅读下列原文和译文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。房墙上开窗子是后来的事。随着窗子的开凿和扩大，人类文明的曙光也随着扩大。 窗子，自从它出现的那天起，它就成为阳光的眼睛，空气的港口，成了自然和社会的纽带。随着时间流逝，层楼的加多，窗子也越来越多了。看到高层的建筑，就会惊叹窗子是房屋最鲜明的象征。没有窗子的房子，几乎也就没法把它唤作屋子了。 有谁未曾享受过开窗的喜悦呢?打开窗子，突然见到青山闯了进来，打开窗子，看到柳色的清新，小燕的飞来 Making (make)a window in the wall was (be)a much later inventionAs the popularity of windows grew (grow)，so did the civilization of man develop The window，ever since its birth，has been (be)the eye to the sun，a port for taking (take)in fresh air，and a tie between nature and human societyWith the passage of time and increase of tall buildings，more and more windows have appeared (appear)Now，at the sight of a multistorey building，one cannot help exclaiming at how the window is (be)so symbolic of the houseWithout a window，a house could hardly be called as suchWho hasnt experienced (not experience)great delight in opening a window?The moment you open(open)it，you will be (be)immediately struck by imposing blue mountains，fresh green willows，little swallows flying towards you五、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意冠词的用法。1.在兽类中我最爱虎。Of all animals，I like the tiger best2.他抓住小偷的衣领。He grasped the thief by the collar3.这颜色悦目。This color is pleasant to the eye4.我们的胜利对世界上被压迫的民族是极大的鼓舞。Our victory was a great inspiration to the oppressed peoples of the world5.中国人民正在建设社会主义新文化。The Chinese people are building up a new socialist culture6.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia7.学生会将举办晚会来欢迎美国朋友。The Student Union is going to hold a party to welcome our friends from the United States8.书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。As soon as a new book comes to hand，I always read the preface first and then the table of contents第十章一、翻译下列词语。1.长江三峡工程the Yangtze River Three Gorges Proj ect2.和平演变peaceful evolution towards capitalism3.海峡两岸twoboth sides of the Taiwan Straits4.百年老店centuryold shop5.党群关系Partymasses relationship6.背景音乐background music7.黑色收入illegalunderthetable income8.朝阳工业sunrise industry二、完成下列句子的翻译。1We want solid results，not(表面文章) show.2The Chinese people (炎黄子孙)on both sides of the Straits will be reunited sooner or later3.Hope Project (希望工程)is a program to collect money from all sectors of society to support education in poor areas4Beijing Opera，Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese painting (京剧、中医和国画)are three quintessential forms of Chinese culture5The theme song of this movie was sung by(一位歌坛新秀) a new star singer.6He is such a greeneyed monster (有红眼病)that he is always jealous of other peoplesachievement7The two universities，with the cityS Education Commission as their(红娘) gobetween,have signed an agreement of academic exchanges8.Shanghai police seized a gang of train tickets(黄牛) scalpersat Shanghai Railway Station yesterday三、下面的句子有歧义，找出原因，并根据不同的语境给出相应的译文。1.我校图书馆收藏了鲁迅的书。Our school library collects the books owning by Lu XunOr：Our school library collects the books written by Lu Xun2.他谁都不认识。He knew nobodyOr：No one knew him3.开刀的是他朋友。His friend operated on a patientOr：His friend underwent an operation4.这只小白兔差一点没活。This white rabbit was still aliveOr：This white rabbit died五、翻译下列成语。 惊师动众bother many people for something 朝思暮想yearn day and night 惊涛骇浪raging waves 隔墙有耳walls have ears破釜沉舟burn oneS boat 一帆风顺plain sailing煽风点火fan the flame 空中楼阁castles in the air六、完成下列句子的翻译，注意英汉成语的不同表达方式。 1.滥伐林木，无异于杀鸡取卵。 Denudation(滥伐)of forests is tantamount(等价)to killing the goose that lays golden eggs。2.还从来没有人敢在我的家里违抗我的命令，我这可真是养虎遗患。I have never seen the individual who has dared to question my authority in my own househave nourished a viper in my bosom3.这就是鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。This is：two dogs strive for a bone，and a third runs away with it4.跟他谈花道等于对牛弹琴。To talk to him about the art of flower arrangement is like casting pearls beflore swine5.她教起书来如鱼得水。She has taken to teaching like a duck to water6.他和其余的人一样同我作对，他们都是一丘之貉。He has been against me like the rest，and they are but birds of one feather第十一章一、讨论题。1幸亏是这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇的小船飞快。It was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river：Their boat went like the wind2用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。You realize your ideas through labor and you guide your labor by ideas3早上