unit1 women of achievement 语法学案.doc

学习心得（备课札记）西安市第四十四中学 【导学稿】 高一年级 英语BOOK 4 Unit 1 Women of achievement （3）班级： 学习小组： 姓名： 小组评价： 教师评价： 【学习目标】 学习语法：主谓一致【自 主 预 习】仔细读下面内容，掌握什么是主谓一致的概念和三大原则。 The boy _( be) listening the class carefully. We _ (be ) listening the class carefully.谓语动词必须和主语的人称和数保持一致这就是主谓一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。主谓一致主要有以下三种情况：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近原则1.语法一致原则：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g. 1) I often _(help) him and he often _(help) me. 2) We often _(help) each other.注意：不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。The food _(be) eaten up by me .2.意义一致原则：主语形式虽为单数, 但意义为复数, 谓语动词用复数; 主语形式为复数, 而意义为单数, 谓语动词用单数。如：e.g. 1) The crowd _ (be) surrounding the government official.。2)Maths _ (be) hard to learn.3.就近原则: 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。e.g. There _(be ) a pen and two pencils on the desk. 【合 作 交 流】Learning Subject- Verb agreement：语法一致原则1. 各种不同形式的主语。主语是一个单数名词一个动名词一个不定式短语或一个主语从句时谓语用单数形式；主语是复数名词两个或以上动名词不定式短语或主语从句时谓语用复数形式。e.g 1)What he is doing seems very important.2)What he says and what he does do not agree.巩固练习：3)Serving the people _(be) my great happiness. 4)翻译：在太阳下看书有害我们的眼睛。_2. 主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时, 谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。e.g. The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。communication.2）My parents ,along with me, _(be) going to the park.预习评价：学习心得（备课札记）巩固练习：1）E-mail, as well as the telephones, _(be) playing an important part in daily communication.2）My parents ,along with me, _(be) going to the park.3.不定代词one, another, the other, either, each, someday, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone,anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。e.g. Someone is calling you. 巩固练习：Nothing _ (be) found in the room.4.有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有一条,一副,一把之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.e.g 1）The shoes are all right. 2) A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.巩固练习：3）My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.意义一致原则1. 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数; 而形复义单的名词如news, 以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics, politics, 国名如the United States; 报纸名如the New Times; 书名如Great Expectations远大前程,以及the United Nations作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。巩固练习 1).The scissors _ (be) sharp.2).No news _ (be) good news.3).Great Expectations _(be) written by Charles Dickens in 1860.2. 集体名词作主语, 谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数, 主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数, 强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有family, class, team, group等。1)His family is a large one. 2)His family are all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。巩固练习：3) The team _ some good players. (have)4) The team _ handsome. (be)3. 代词none 和neither有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时，只看作单数，谓语动词用单数e.g 1)None of them has / have arrived yet. 2)None of the money is mine.巩固练习：3)Neither of them _( know) the answer.4) None of the food _ (be ) yours.4. 有些名词单复数形式相同, 作主语时,谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：e.g 1)Not every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。2)Not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效巩固练习：3) The deer _so lovely that we like it very much.5. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, percent of 以及分数词等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数。如：主备人：邓亮 审核人： 审批人： 使用日期：西安市第四十四中学 【导学稿】 高一学习心得（备课札记）1)A part of the students have arrived.2)A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.巩固练习：3)Two thirds of students in our class _ (be) girls. 4) Two thirds of the earth _ (be ) covered by water.6. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词有以下两种情况: 1) and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。如：He and I _ (be) both students of this school.2) 如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物, 或指同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数, 这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。如: 表整体概念的并列结构bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order配套事物：a watch and chain (表链) a needle and thread （针线） 巩固练习：3). The knife and fork _ (be) on the desk. 4). The singer and dancer _（be） on the stage. 5). The singer and the dancer _（be） on the stage.7. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时, 通常被看作整体, 其谓语动词用单数。如： Thirty years is not a long time.巩固练习： Two hours _ (be) enough for me to finish the work.8. 两个并列的名词有each, every, many a 等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g: Each doctor and each nurse was given a new shirt.巩固练习：many a boy and many a girl _ (have) make the same mistake.9. 表示一类人的 “the +形容词(分词)”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。e.g. The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.巩固练习：The lost _ (have ) been found.就近原则1. 在表存在的there be 句式中, 主语是两个或多个并列名词(短语), be的形式与最近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。 e.g There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.=There _ ( be ) two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.=There _ (be)several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.2. 用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。e.g: Neither you nor I am wrong. =Neither I nor you are wrong.巩固练习：1)Not only the students but also the teacher _( enjoy) listening to the music. 2)Not only the teacher but also the students_( enjoy) listening to the music.西安市第四十四中学 【导学稿】 英语 学习心得（备课札记）【反 馈 提 升】 Task1. 单项选择1.One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be2. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be3. At present ten years in a job _ a long time . A. is B. are C. was D. have 4. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be5. The blind _ in special schools A. is studying B. study C. has studied D. studies 6. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have comeTask1.用所给动词的正确形式填空1. He as well as his two friends _ (be) going for a picnic this Saturday.2. According to the report, three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ (be) good for ones health.3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.4. 70 percent of the students in our class _ (be) girls.5. Most of his time _ (spend) on computer games in the past.6. Th