自考英语2考试大纲及模拟试题.doc

英语（二）自考大纲(考试命题)英语（二）自学考试命题的广度和难度根据大纲所规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。 试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的70%和30%。 试题题型包括单词汉译英、填写和语法形式、结构及文字表达，错误识别、阅读理解、完形填空、英译汉（短文）和汉译英（句子）。现对每种题型的要求分别说明如下： 考试方式 考试方式为闭卷、笔试，考试时间为2小时30分钟。试题分量以中等水平的考生能在规定的时间内答完全部试题并有适量时间检查答案为度。 评分用百分制，60分及格。 考试题型 1. 单词汉译英 要求将20个汉语词译成英语词，每个英语词的首字母已经给出。这些词应是常用词，包括中学阶段应该掌握的单词。中学阶段所学单词不包含在教材的生词表中，但是在本考试大纲所附词汇表（附表三）中可以查到（用星号*标出）。 2. 填写语法形式 重点是动词的时态、语态、虚拟语气、非限定形式、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级等，要求按照句子的意思将给出的原形词变成适应的形式。本题所用的句子根据教材中出现的句子编写。 3. 结构及文字表达 结构及文字表达是用来测验语法（主要为句子结构）和词的用法（主要为词的搭配、惯用语），比例各占一半。要求按照句子的意思从4个选择项中找出正确的答案。本题所用的句子根据教材中出现的句子编写。 4. 错误识别 错误识别的目的是考查英语知识及其运用的准确性，内容涉及各个语法项目和一些常用词的用法。本题所用的句子根据教材中出现的句子、特别是课文中的句子编写。 5. 阅读理解 主要目的是考查阅读理解能力，要求考生在阅读完整短文之后从选择项中找出正确的答案。阅读理解的题目涉及A.词和短词的意义；B.句子表达的内容和内容之间的联系；C.本章主题思想和大意；D.句子和文章的内在含义及推理；E.文章作者的态度。 阅读理解由3段短文构成，短文均选自教材以外的文章，难度相当于下册教材后半部分的课文。短文中有个别生词超出教材词汇表和本大纲的词汇附表并且影响理解时，试卷中将用汉语注出词义。 6. 完形填空 完形填空是测试系统的语言知识的有效手段。本题考查的重点为语法，如一致关系、动词时态、语态、名词的数、代词、形容词和副词的级、连词、介词等，但也可能考一些常用词和惯用语的用法。试题的短文中有10个空格，要求考生从短文后面所附的选择项中找出正确的答案，填入空格中。本题的短文选自教材以外的文章。 7. 英译汉 本题要求考生将短文译成正确、通顺的汉语。短文选自教材以外的文章，其难度相当于下册教材后半部分的课文。短文中如有个别生词超出教材词汇表和本大纲的词汇附表并且影响理解时，试卷中将用汉语注出词义。 8. 汉译英 本题用于考查考生的主动运用语言的能力，要求考生将单个的汉语句子译成英语。需要译出的英语句子的语法结构不复杂，词汇也较为常用。每句包含一个语法重点和常用词语。这些句子根据教材中的句子编写。 自考英语（二）教学大纲一、课程性质英语（二）是各专业本科段必修的公共基础课。通过考试，学生可得14学分。二、使用教材大学英语自学教程（上下册），上册共25单元，下册15单元。三、教学目的英语（二）的目的是使学习者能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，做到具有较好的阅读能力、一定的英译汉能力和初步的听、说写及汉译英的能力，为获取专业所需要的信息及进一步提高英语水平打下较扎实的基础。英语（二）考纲规定本课程的目的是英语的基本词汇和语法。课程的主要目的是培养阅读能力。 具体地说，从以下几方面体现：（一）词汇：学生应掌握英语单词 3800 个和常用词组 750 个。具体要求：1. 能流利地读出，语音基本正确。 2. 能识别并说出词的语法特征，主要指词类和形态变化。例如：名词单数变复数规则；动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词、不定式、单数第三人称变化；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式。 3. 能说出汉语词义，对比较常用的词要能英汉互译，拼写正确并记住固定搭配。 4. 了解基本的构词规则，记住常用前缀、后缀的意义，并能根据构词规则猜测词性和词义。 （二）语法：了解和掌握英语基本语法知识。英语（二）要求掌握的主要语法有：词类和句子成分、基本句型、句子结构、形容词的比较级和最高级、动词的时态语态和语气、动词的非谓语形式、从句、倒装句、和强调句。 （三）阅读：阅读能力应达到能阅读与教材后期课文难度相当的一般性材料。生词不超过所读词数的 3% ，速度为每分钟 30 个词，理解基本正确。 （四）翻译：分为两个部分，一是英译汉，要求能将阅读的材料译成汉语，译文基本正确，文字通顺；二是汉译英，要求能把结构比较简单、由常用词构成的汉语句子译成英语，译文基本正确。 四、教学要求与原则（一）重在培养学生的技能学习英语主要是学习一种技能，这与学习许多其他学科，如数学、经济、哲学等有所不同。学英语不仅要求掌握必要的英语知识（如语音、词汇、语法）和相关的文化知识，而且要拥有运用这些知识的能力和技巧。学习英语不仅要理解，更要记忆和运用。英语学习的整个过程贯穿着训练，贯穿着技能的培养。因此教学要以实际操练为主，要在实践的基础上，对语言知识进行分析、归纳或总结。语言知识的掌握要服务于交际能力的培养。教学要注意由易至难，由浅入深，螺旋上升，循序渐进。（二）面授教学不能代替自学达到这一点的前提条件有三个：一是教师讲得清晰明了。语法知识仅仅靠学生自学是比较困难的，但讲得太多似乎也没有必要，而且学生也难以接受。二是学生的理解要在头脑中形成一个比较完整的概念，这是不言而语的。三是要有相应的配套练习。仅仅靠书本上的练习是不够的，而且难度似乎也和考试有距离，学生接受起来也比较困难。由于英语（二）课文的难度较大，而且考试为学业考试，建议在教学中直接采用课文中的原句子做语法练习，将会取得一定的效果。同时，语法和词汇应该是互相促进的，不可偏废。学习语法应该是为了增强词汇的运用能力，而词汇的学习和记忆又反过来促进着语法的理解和应用。 五、测试英语（二）自学考试命题的广度和难度根据大纲所规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。 试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的70%和30%。 试题题型包括单词汉译英、填写和语法形式、结构及文字表达，错误识别、阅读理解、完形填空、英译汉（短文）和汉译英（句子）。英语（二）自学提要要学好英语（二），需处理好以下几个方面的关系问题： 一、处理好英语（二）的学习任务与考试要求的关系问题按照现行的公共英语自学考试大纲的规定，英语（二）的教学目的是让学生能比较熟练地掌握英语基础知识，初步具备阅读一般性的英语专业书刊和资料的能力。具体要求如下：1.语音：能拼读国际音标和比较流利地朗读课文，语音语调基本准确。在考试中，虽然不考语音题，但具备一定的语音基础知识却是学好英语（二）的基础。实际学习过程中，学生可以不要求发音准确，不要求英国音还是美国音的区别，不要求读或说的流畅动听，但会读会说却是必不可少的。否则，整个学习将是十分艰难的，也是十分枯燥乏味的，学习成绩也必将大打折扣。因此学生在语音学习方面应该做到会读单词和课文，并能说出自己的想法。学生应该按照教学大纲，从朗读课文入手。将语音放在课文学习中提高。 2.词汇：英语（二）包括英语单词约3800个（其中中学阶段所学词汇1600个），词组约750 个，阅读量为50000 余词。要求能流利地读出并说出词的语法特征（词类和形态变化），而且要能说出汉语词义，对比较常用的词要能英汉互译，拼写正确并记住固定搭配。此外，还要了解基本的构词规则，记住常用前缀、后缀的意义并能根据它们猜测词性和词义。要做到这些并不是一件易事，尤其对于有工作和家庭的学生来说。建议从以下几点入手：首先，应该认真学习课文，使词汇学习有一个基本的系统性。应该把单词的记忆放在一定的有意义的情景中，尤其是课文中进行记忆可能是英语学习最迅捷、经济、有效的办法。特别是某些难以记忆的单词，如diabetes，anesthetic，toxicity等词，单独记忆很难，也没有多少意义，因为它们使用率很低，就更应该放在课文的具体语境中理解；要把记忆生词和学习课文结合起来，在课文中记单词，而且要使记单词为学课文服务，而不是相反。离开课文记单词很难记住，记住了也容易忘记，而且还不会用。 其次，应该通过做基础语法练习和阅读练习来巩固和加强基本词汇和常用词组的练习。 再次，在单词记忆中运用各种方法（一切单词记忆方法，如词缀联想法、语境联想法、以及市面上各种名目繁多的记忆法，其实质都在于通过各种联想，有些甚至是人为的、“虚假的”联想来增强词汇的系统性，从而达到比较快地记忆单词的目的）。 最后，要在考试题的练习中巩固和提高词汇的应用能力（考题练习不是目的，甚至也不是重要手段，但对于学好这门课既通过考试来说，却是必要的手段）。 3.语法：英语（二）的学习要求学生对英语语法的整个体系（词法和句法）有比较清晰的概念，掌握词形变化规则，了解词和词组在句子中的作用、句子和分句的结构和功能并能在阅读和汉译英中实际运用。其实质在于一个系统性。在自考学生这一点就显得尤其重要。有了系统性，各种零乱的知识点反而会变得简单起来，也容易记忆了。此外，还要做一些配套的练习以巩固所学。4.阅读能力：大纲要求学生掌握初步的阅读技能，能读懂与所学教材最后一册课文难易程度相当的一般性材料。阅读生词不超过总词数3 的材料，阅读速度要达到70词分钟，理解正确率在70以上。对于英语（二）考生来说，单词常常是阅读中的一大拦路虎。其实根本的问题不在“单词”。首先，如果对一些基础的单词不理解，那才是真正的单词不懂，不过这也就使得学习英语（二）成为不可能。然而基础单词的积累不能完全靠英语（二）的学习来解决。学生应有计划的扩大自学量来补充欠缺。其次，专业词汇如果不认识，那是正常的，因为有些专业名词对于本民族语言阅读者来说也一样是不熟悉的，只不过本民族语言的形式更加容易接受一点罢了。同时，如果是汉语的专业词汇，那么由于汉字的象形结构或形声结构等，则使得理解方便一点，但依然是模棱两可的。例如，英美人士理解thalidomide 和我们没有什么两样；同样，我们理解“萨立多胺”也仅仅是知道怎么念而已。 再者，比较难的单词在上下文中会有相应的解释，或者我们可以通过上下文来猜测其大概的意义，至少可以判断其词性、褒贬、肯定与否定等等意义。有些词你不认识它，但并不影响你对整个文章段落的理解。 5. 翻译能力：大纲要求学生能借助词典将与所学教材最后一册课文难易程度相当的材料译成汉语，译文正确通顺，同时能把结构不太复杂的句子译成英语。对于英语（二）考生来说，英译汉就相对容易，因为只要将意思基本弄通之后，就可以“自由创作”了。而汉译英就比较难了，因为“单词不认识”。其实，这很可能也是个“伪问题”。 第一、汉译英的内容主要考书本上的内容，而且多数是带有重要短语的句子，只要在课文学习过程中将这类句子加以重视，应该不成问题。 第二、汉译英的句子可以用考生自己的话说，只要结构正确，同样可以得满分。不一定非要按课本原文翻译。 第三、对于考试来说，翻译评分的重点在于结构。只要结构正确，尤其是重要短语和语法点正确，个别单词的错误对评分影响不是很大。 上述五个方面，除了语音暂时不进行考试之外，其他都属于考试范围；但核心依然一言以蔽之：基础。 二、应处理好课本上下册之间的关系问题英语（二）的考试内容覆盖上下两本书，在学习中不可偏废。上册更偏重于基础语法知识的复习和巩固，下册则更偏重于运用能力的培养和检验，两者应该结合起来才能满足英语（二）的考试要求，没有偏重哪一本之说。所谓英语（一）和英语（二）的划分也是相对的，只有大致的难度之分。 三、应处理好公共课和专业课的关系问题英语（二）是门公共课，其特点是实践性很强，检验学习好坏的标准是应用能力。自学者不能满足于对语言现象的书面理解。必须通过大量的、反复的实践，尤其是针对考试的综合性练习，达到熟练掌握的目的。 四、应处理好自学与面授助学的关系问题英语（二）是一门实践性极强的课程，除非基础很好，否则完全靠自学要通过考试是比较难的。对于大多数考生来说，适当参加面授教学是学好英语（二）并通过考试的必要条件。但是学生自己的努力是内因，是根本条件。外因只能通过内因起作用。相比较而言，英语（二）要比其它课程难于通过。因此，考生在学习和复习过程中必须相对地集中精力和时间，做好充分准备。自学考试英语（二）模拟试题(1)I. Vocabulary and Structure1. One way to preserve species _ threat of extinction is to remove them to zoos and parks. A. in B. on C. under D. with2. Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was _ to . A. meant B. regarding C. investigation D. referring3. I was surprised to find that the computer could _ a vast number of different tasks. A. perform B. create C. display D. explain4. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _ we organize and produce information. A. in a way B. in the way C. in that way D. in no way5. The French pianist who had been praised very highly _ to be a great disappointment. A. turned up B. turned out C. turned in D. turned down6. It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be. A. impression B. reaction C. comment D. opinion7. _ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. A. That B. Which C. As D. It8. Evidence came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A. what B. which C. that D. whose9. The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from being _ to radiation. A. released B. disclosed C. revealed D. exposed10._, they began to get down to business. A. The holidays are over B. The holidays were over C. The holidays being over D. The holidays had been overII. Cloze TestAmerican business is based on the profit motive. So make no mistake. The company you work 11 will have some method of measuring employee productivity. Your future there will depend on 12 you rate.Productivity is relatively easy to measure in some cases. 13 a college student, your overall productivity was measured by your grade point average. Hourly workers, 14 assembly line operators, are usually measured by the 15 of items produced in a given amount of time. Measuring the productivity of some service and management personnel is 16 difficult because of the many factors to be considered.New employees are 17 expected to perform at their maximum potential. A break in period is allowed, 18 can be several weeks, depending on the job. By the time of your first performance evaluation, you should 19 average productivity. Then you should try to reach your 20 .11. A. for B. out C. to D. on12. A. what B. how C. where D. when13. A. For B. with C. To D. As14. A. except for B. such as C. in addition to D. as well as15. A. quality B. figure C. sum D. whole16. A. more B. less C. the same D. similarly17. A. never B. rarely C. often D. always18. A. it B. that C. which D. what19. A. reach B. have reached C. be reaching D. be reached20. A. destination B. objective C. potential D. conclusionIII. Reading ComprehensionPassage OneAfter the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll (死亡人数 ) could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook American in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 A.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints(蓝图 ) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground .The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.21. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.A. new computers had been installed in the buildingsB. it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways22. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _. A. counterbalance an earthquakes action on the building B. predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy C. help strengthen the foundation of the building D. measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations23. The smart buildings discussed in the passage _. A. would cause serious financial problems B. would be worthwhile though costly C. would increase the complexity of architectural design D. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes24. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _.A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB. the development of flexible building materialsC. reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD. early forecasts of earthquakes25. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _. A. compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S. B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building D. report new development in constructing quake-resistant buildingsPassage TwoThe advantage and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports , roads, and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources , it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.26. A small population may mean _.A. higher productivity , but a lower average incomeB. lower productivity, but a higher average incomeC. lower productivity and a lower average incomeD. higher productivity and a higher average income27. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing _.A. agriculture B. transport systemC. industry D. national economy28. In a developed country , people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate _.A. goes up B. goes downC. remains stable D. is out of control29. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for _.A. a developing nation B. a developed nationC. every nation with a big population D. every nation with a small population30. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because _.A. there are too many underdeveloped countries in the worldB. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial developmentC. different governments have different views of the questionD. even developed countries may have complex problemsPassage ThreeBrazil has become one of the developing world s great successes at reducing population growthbut more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazil s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990,and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class valuesnot many children, different attitudes towards sex, woman working, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction , says Martine.31. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth _.A) by chance C) by educating its citizensB) by careful family planning D) by developing TV programmes32. According to the passage, many Third World countries _.A) neglected the role of TV plays in family planningB) havent attached much importance to birth controlC) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateD) haven t yet found an effective measure to control their population33. The phrase puts it down to(Line 1, Para.3)is closest in meaning to_.A) compares it to C) attributes it toB) finds it a reason for D) sums it up as34. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil s birth rate because _.A) they have gradually changed peoples way of lifeB) they keep people sitting long hours watching TVC) people are drawn to their attractive packageD) they popularize birth control measures35. What is Marline s conclusion about Brazil s population growth?A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C) A countrys production is limited by its population growth.D) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. IV. Word Spelling36. 投资 n. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37. 描述 v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _38. 古代的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ 39. 聚焦 v. f_ _ _ _40. 战略 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41. 卷入 v. i_ _ _ _ _ _42. 被提名人 n. n_ _ _ _ _ _ 43. 代表人，代表 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _44. 分析 v. a_ _