八年级上册Module 2 Experiences讲解.doc

Module 2 Experiences一、一周课程概述在这一模块中我们要完成以下学习任务：1掌握现在完成时的基本概念和结构。2掌握动词过去分词的规则变法和记忆一部分特殊单词的过去分词形式。3会用现在完成时的简单句子进行交流。4本周需要掌握的单词有：experience, ever, competition, airport, cabin, steward, captain, country, before, problem, wonderful, prize, reckon, sound, brilliant, dream, someone, kind, western, abroad, fantastic, anywhere, Chinatown, Italian, delicious, pizza, sandwich, sell, musician, dagger, seat, beside, taste, only, yet, stone, climb, roast, palace, another, seafood, entertainment, time, name5本周需要掌握的短语有：take off, come true, more than, sell out二、音标的学习：朗读下列音标组合及相关单词：三、重点知识归纳及讲解1experience n. 经验U；经历Ce.g.Does she have much experience of teaching?她教学经验丰富吗？He had many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.他在非洲旅行时，有许多有趣的经历。2ever adv. 曾经（用于疑问句中的完成时态）e.g.Have you ever seen an elephant?你曾经见过大象吗？Yes, I have.见过。Have you ever flown a helicopter?你坐过直升飞机吗？No, never.没有，从未坐过。3before adv. & prep. 以前；在之前e.g.Ive seen that film before.我以前看过那部电影。注意：一般来说before通常用在完成时中，当看到句中有before时，一般不用过去时，而选择完成时，而与之相对的是ago，ago也表示以前，但是通常用在过去时中。e.g.I came here three months ago.4problem n. 问题，难题e.g.Whats the problem?怎么了？She has solved the problem.她已经解决了那个难题。5reckon v. 考虑；认为e.g.I reckon that he is too old for the job.我认为他年龄太大，不适合做这工作。She is reckoned (to be) the cleverest student in the class.她是班上最聪明的学生。6sound v. 听起来e.g.That music sounds beautiful.那音乐优美动听。It sounds good.听起来不错。注意：sound在这种情况下为系动词，后面只能接形容词。考试时注意！7dream n. & v. 梦想；梦；做梦；梦想e.g.Good night-sweet dreams!晚安祝你做好梦！My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是成为一名老师。I dreamt that I could fly.我梦见我能飞翔。I never promised to lend you my car: you must be dreaming!我从来未答应过把汽车借给你：你是在做梦吧！8fantastic adj. 极好的；荒诞的，奇异的；不切实际的e.g.fantastic dreams, stories 荒诞的梦、故事Shes a fantastic swimmer.她游泳游得非常好。You passed your test? Fantastic!你测验及格了？太棒了！You did fantastically well in the exam.你考得非常好。9beside prep. 在旁边；在附近e.g.I keep a dictionary beside me when Im doing crosswords.我填纵横字谜的时候，手边总有一本字典。10yet adv. （迄今）还，尚常用在否定句中e.g.I havent received a letter from him yet.我至今尚未收到他的信。Are you ready?No, not yet.你准备好了吗？还没准备好呢。注意：yet一般用于疑问句和否定句及用于表示怀疑的动词之后，通常位于句末；在英式英语中通常用于现在或过去完成时态，在美式英语通常用于简单过去时态。11take off 起飞；脱去（衣，帽，鞋）e.g.He took off his raincoat.他脱去雨衣。The plane took off at 9 a.m.飞机上午9点起飞。The airman will take off at 3 p.m. 该飞行员将在下午三点起飞。12come true 成为现实e.g.At last his dream came true.他的梦想终于实现了。His hope of living to 100 did not come true.他想活到100岁的希望没有实现。注意：该短语中的come属于系动词，类似这样的系动词+形容词构成的词组还有go mad（发狂）go wrong（发生故障）fall asleep（睡着）run short（不足，快用完）turn sour（变酸）13more than 超过，多于e.g.Mr. Huang has visited more than 20 cities in China.小黄已经参观了中国20多个城市了。The number of the students is more than 200.学生的数量超过了200人。14sell out 卖光e.g.The shop has sold out all their shirts.那家商店的衬衫已销售一空。This record is entirely sold out.这种唱片全卖完了。15Well, guess what!译文啊哈，你猜怎么着？当你有意想不到的消息要告诉对方时，可以使用Guess what!e.g.Guess what! Ive got a new car!你猜怎么着！我买新车了！16The first prize is the holiday of your dreams in England.译文头等奖是你梦想的到英国度假。要表示“梦想的”，只需要用of短语把内容跟在the holiday后面就行了。e.g.the holiday of your visits in Beijing你梦想的到北京旅行17What do you reckon?译文你觉得怎么样？reckon在这里相当于think，意思是“认为、觉得”等。e.g.What do you reckon-will it rain today?你觉得怎么样？今天会下雨吗？I reckon he will come soon.我估计他很快会来。18Han Li has been to San Francisco in the USA.译文韩力曾经去过美国的旧金山。当我们想表达“曾经去过某地方”的时候，可以用have/has been to这个句型。e.g.Ms. Wang has been to American and England.王女士去过美国和英国。-Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗？-No, Ive never been there before.没有，从来没去过。19Hes given concerts all over China and the tickets have always sold out.译文他在全国各地举办音乐会，音乐会的票总是销售一空。这里sell out表示“售空”。e.g.We sold out of the T-shirts in two hours.T恤衫两个小时就卖光了。Im sorry, but weve sold out.真抱歉，我们都卖完了。20It sounds brilliant!译文听起来好极了！sound意思是“听起来”，为系动词，系动词后只能接形容词作表语，不能接副词。e.g.It tastes good. 尝起来不错！It smells delicious. 闻起来真香！注意：一般来说，所有的感官动词都是系动词。三、语法点拨：现在完成时 (The Present Perfect Tense)（）结构：have/has + 动词的过去分词1. 动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间(过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道),但它的结果仍对现在有影响.I have read the letter, and I know what it is about.2. 动作发生在过去,目前仍在继续或刚刚结束, 常和 for 加上 一段时间, 或since 加上一个确切的过去的时间 连用.（1） for 用于过去的一段时间. (动词必须是可以延续的)e.g.He has been there for six months. 她去那儿有6个月了。(直到现在)He went there 6 months ago.He has never been there. 他从来都没去过那里。(直到现在)（2） since 用于过去的一个确切的时间, 意思是从那时一直到现在, 总是和完成时一起用, 而且不能省略. (主句动词必须是可以延续的)e.g.Tim has been in Nantong since January. 自从1月份以来他一直都在南通。(现在仍在南通)注意: since 后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.e.g.He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.他打小时侯起就对收集硬币感兴趣。（现在还是如此）（3）现在完成时常和短语 up to now /till now, so far (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)e.g.Up to/till now hes read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。3. 刚刚完成的动作.e.g.Ive just got a letter from my brother.4. already 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, yet 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中e.g.He has (already) visited many places in China. (already) He has come back now. Have you ever been to Australia?注意 already 在句中的两种位置.e.g.The train hasnt arrived yet.火车（到现在）还没有到。Has she arrived yet? 她已经到了吗？Hasnt he come yet? 她还没来吗？I havent been very successful so far.我一直都没有成功。 注意: have been（去过）和 have gone（去了）的区别:He has gone to Beijing. (He is there or is on his way there.)He has been to Shanghai. (He was there once, but he is not there now.)5. 当现在完成时句中无时间状语, 它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作e.g.Ive cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。(已完成了工作)6. 现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作.e.g.He has rung me up five times today. (五次分隔的行为)7. 一般过去时(常带有确切的表示过去的时间状语)和现在完成时的比较:e.g.When did you stay at this hotel?I stayed here five years ago.Have you ever stayed at this hotel?Yes, Ive stayed here twice. (无确切的过去的时间状语)Yes, I stayed here for two months. (过去的一