初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析(整理).doc

初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth. (3)It takes sb some time to do sth. (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth. 句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质; 句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B二、动词不定式作宾语在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D三、动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省) Key： 1. B 2. C四、动词不定式作状语go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省) Key： 1. A 2. Cbe +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A在上述too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on五、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D六、不带to的动词不定式1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省) Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C七、动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man told the child _ noisy A. not be B. not to