四级写作考试常用词汇.doc

四级写作考试常用词汇常用的名词： abolishment 废除 absurdity 荒唐；谬论abuse 滥用achievement 成绩acquaintance 熟人adaptation 改写；适应admiration 崇拜adventurer/explorer 探险者adverse impact 负面影响adversity 逆境affection 友情/感情alienation 疏远ambition 志amusement 娱乐anecdote 轶事apathy 冷漠无情approach 鼓掌architecture 建筑art 艺术assault 攻击assessment 评估association 联想；联系athlete 运动员availability 可得到的东西barrier 妨碍behavior 行为beneficiacry 受益人budget 预算burden 负担 campaign 运动candidate 候选人capacity 能力celebrity 名人character 性格charecteristic 特征charm 魅力clerk 职员cohesion 凝聚力colleague 同事collectivism 集体主义comfort 舒适commercial 商业广告commercialization 商业化commodity 商品companion/partner 同伴conformity 一致consensus 同意consultation 咨询consumption 消费content 内容contentment 满意；满足contribution 贡献correlation 相关性costume 服装creativity 创造性criteria 条件cruelty 残忍customer 顾客cybercrime 网络犯罪depression 沮丧；低沉deprivation 剥夺descendant 后代deterioration 恶化detour 绕道developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家digestion 消化吸收dignity 尊严discipline 纪律discomfort 不舒服discontent 不满足discrimination 歧视；区别disgust 反感disorder 无序状态disorientation 迷失方向感disposition 性格distraction 干扰diversity 多样化；多样性domain 领域duplication 重复（建设）durationeconomy 耐用employee 雇员employer 雇主endeavor 努力做enjoyment 享受enthusiasm 热情；狂热equality 平等evaluation 评价expection 例外exhibition 展览exploration 探险export 出口favor 喜好feature 特点fidelity 忠实flexibility 灵活性forefather/ancestors 祖先freedom 自由frustration 挫折gallery 美术馆garment 服装goodwill 善意grace 雅致graduate 毕业生guardian 监护人halt 停止；终止hardship 艰难险阻heritage 遗产horizon 地平线hostility 敌对humanity 人性idol 偶像immunity 免疫力import 进口indication 迹象indictment 控告indifference 不关心individuality 个性化industry 工业；行业inequality 不平等infrastructure 基础设施ingenuity 独创性initiative 主动性instruction 教导instructor 教师integrity 诚实intellectual 知识分子intelligence 智能interaction 交际interference 干涉interpretation 解释intolerance 不宽容intrusiveness 干涉involvement 参与jealousy 妒忌jogging 慢跑joint effort 共同努力journalist/correspondent 记者joy/delight 欢乐lack 缺乏landmark 标志性建筑；里程碑license 执照life expectancy/life span 寿命literacy 读写能力manufacturer 制造商match 匹配measure 测量；评估millennium 千年minority 少数人miscondust 行为不端morality 道德常用的形容词和副词：absurd 荒唐的addictive 上瘾的affectionate 有感情的aggressive 有上进心的alert 敏锐的；警惕的arduous 费劲的 artistic 艺术的authoritative 权威性的awkward 尴尬的balanced 平衡的cogent 使人信服的cold-blooded 冷血的cold-hearted 无情的compassionate 富有同情心的compatible 兼容的complicated 复杂的confident 自信的contemptible 可鄙的contributive 有贡献的corrupt 腐败的delicious 美味可口的demanding 要求高的describle 值得要的 detrimental 有害的devious 偏离正道的 dishonorable 不光彩的disturbed 受到干扰的eccentric 古怪的economical 经济的 enlightened 开明的；文明的evil 邪恶的exotic 异国的fallacious 荒谬的fashionable 时髦的feaible 可行的fictitious 虚假的flexile 灵活多样的fruitful 有成效的glamorous 富有魅力的gorgeous 辉煌的humane 人道的ignorant(of) 无视的；无知的impressive 令人印象深刻的inborn 天生的incompatible 不调和的incompatible 不和适宜的inconceivable 不可思议的indecent 不妥的；不检点的indifferent 冷漠的indispensable 不可或缺的inexhaustible 取之不尽的infectious 传染性的inferior 低人一等的infirm （身体）弱的influential 有影响力的ingrain 根深蒂固的inhumane 不人道的initially 首先innocent 多管闲事的inquistitive 有害无益insalubrious 有教育意义的instructive 智力的intellectual 中间的；过渡的interim 人际关系的interpersonal 密切的intimate 不可侵犯的inviolable 内在的inward 不可挽回的irreparable 不可抵抗的irresistible 不可挽回的irritating 恼人的isolated(from) 隔绝的laudable 可赞誉的lavishly 大方的legitimate 合法的loyal 忠诚的luxurious 奢侈的magnanimous 宽宏大量的mature 成熟的misleading 误导的misrepresented 不如实叙述的money-oriented 向钱看的multilateral 对方面的nourishih 有营养的obscure 晦涩的old-fashioned/out of date 过时的palatable 美味的perilous 危险的permissive 宽容的；许可的pernicious 有害无益的pornographic 色情的potential 潜在的practial 实际的；务实的preferential 优惠的pressing 紧迫的prevailing 占主导地位的；流行的professional 专业的 prosperous 繁荣昌盛的prudent 明智的 psychological 心理上rational 理性的resentful 愤怒的reverse 相反的rewarding 值得的ridiculous 荒谬的rigid 严格的rough 粗略的 self-contemptuous 自卑的shabby 破旧不堪的shelrered 受保护的sociable 好交际的sole 唯一的stern/strict 严格的stressful 有压力的stringent 严厉的stylish 时髦的superficial 表面现象的tempting 吸引人的time-honored 久享盛名的traditional 传统的typical 典型的unadvised 轻率的uncompromising 不妥协的unconcerned 冷漠的uneasy 不自在的unethical 不道德的unfeeling 冷漠的unhealthy 不健康的unified 同一标准的unique 独特的unjust 不公平的unsrupulous 肆无忌惮的unsociable 不善于社交的untimely 不和适宜的unwholesome 不健康的utterly 完全；绝对地vexing 令人烦恼的vivid 形象的voluntary 自愿的vulnerable 易受伤害的well-grounded 有充足理由的wholesome 健康的常用的动词：abide by/obey/observe 遵守abolish 废除abuse 虐待；滥用accommodate 供给；调节acquire 获取adore 崇拜；爱慕allocate 分配alter 改变appral to/attract 吸引approach 对待；处理approve of 赞成arise 出现arouse 激发assume 承担（责任）attach 赋予；粘上attain/obtain/acquire 获取；得到attend 参加；就读ban 禁止blossom 兴旺发达boom 繁荣bring sb./sth.sintosfull play 充分调动的积极性 collect 收集 commute 来回往返于condemn 谴责consult 咨询contaminate 污染contribute to 贡献crack down on 打击cultivate 培养defy 不服从；藐视degenerate 退化degrade 使降级depreciate 贬值deprive(of) 剥夺desert 抛弃detect 侦查deter 阻止deteriorate 恶化determine 决定disclose 揭露discourage 使气馁diversify 使多样化divbert 使分心dominate 占优势drop out 退学；放弃eliminate 消除endanger 危害enlighten 启发enrich 丰富entertain 招待；娱乐 evaluate 评价evolve 演变exaggerate 夸张exert 施加（压力）expel 排除；开除explore 探究expose 揭露give full play to 充分发挥guarantee 保证；担保hamper 妨碍；牵制hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍idealize 理想化identify 辨认ignore 无视；不理睬imitate 模仿impair 危害；伤害impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit 限制incur 招致；引发inflict 使承受inherit 继承innovate 改革创新invent money in 投资install/set up/erect/fix/mount 安装lavish 浪费maltreat 虐待maximize 最大化minimize 使最小化mould/build 塑造neglect 忽视oblige 强迫observe/follow 遵从overcome 克服（困难）participate 参与perform 履行；表演please 取悦preserve 保留；保护prohibit 禁止publicize 宣传pursue 追求quit 放弃quote 引用refine 精炼reflect 反映reform 改革refresh 使恢复regulate 管制；调控rehabilitate 改造reject 剔除relax 修养release 释放render 给予represent 代表resort to 速诸于；采取restore 重建；恢复restrain 约束retain 保留roam 闲逛sacrifice 牺牲shirk 回避shun 回避signify 表示；意味spoil/indulge 宠坏；溺爱spread 传播steer 驶向；掌舵stick to 坚持stimulate 刺激stipulate/set 规定subsitute 代替supervise 监督control 控制surpass 超过survive 生存threaten 威胁tolerate 忍受treasure 珍视trigger 引发underestimate 低估undermine 危害unload 摆脱负担vanish 消失wither 退化；萎缩wreck 摧毁连词： 1)表层次:first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first placesecond, secondly, to start with, still, furthermorethird, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not leastalso, and then, next, besidesand equally important too moreoverbesides in addition finally2)表转折；by contrast although though yetat the same time but despite the fact that even soin contrast nevertheless even though for all thatnotwithstanding on the contrary however in spite ofon the other hand otherwise instead stillregardless3)表因果；therefore consequently because of for the reasonthus hence due to owing toso accordingly thanks to on this accountsince as on that account in this wayfor as a result as a consequence4）表让步：still nevertheless concession granted naturallyin spite of all the same of course despiteeven so after all5)表递近：furthermore moreover likewise what is morebesides also not only.but also. too in addition6)表举例：for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point7)表解释：as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namelyin other words8)表总结：in summary in a word thus as has been saidin brief in conclusion altogether in other wordsto conclude in fact finally in simpler termsindeed in short in particular that isin other words of course on the whole to put it differentlynamely in all therefore to summarize常用表达一、表达万能理由(Omnipotence)： 1、方便：convenient/convenience2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency 3、节省和浪费：savetime/money/space;economical,thrift,wastetime/money/space;costly,lavish 4、人的心理健康：independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,perseverance;selfish,isolated,conservative 5、人的身体健康：health,disease,strong,strength,energetic 6、娱乐：colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainment,relax,tired,boring,lonely 7、环境：environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty 8、安全和危险：safe,danger,risk 9、经验：experience,socialexperience,enterthesociety 10、人际：humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,freedom,freely 二、基本表达(BasicElementsofEnglishWriting)： 1、越来越：beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof 2、人们认为：itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat 3、许多问题：ahostof/anumberofproblems 4、引起人们注意：claimcall/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth. 5、意识到：thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.tothefact/danger 6、适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change 7、接触各种思想/经历：beexposedtonewideas/experiences/problems 8、接触社会：comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society 9、获得成功：achieve/accomplishsuccess 10、提出观点/建议：advance/putforward/comeupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions 11、作出努力：maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study) 12、影响学习/工作：interferewithstudies/work 13、产生影响：have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton 14、较好地驾驭生活：beabetterpilotofoneslife 15、剥夺机会/权力：depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity16、取代就的方式：substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway 17、采取措施：takeeffectivesteps/measuresto 18、控制我们的环境：take/gainincreasingcontroloverourownenvironment19、躲避危险/挑战：shy/runawayfromthedangers/challenge 20、满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof 21、补偿损失：compensatefor/makeupfortheloss/damage 22、解释某现象：accountfor/explainthephenomenon 23、对很好的了解：haveabetterunderstanding/appreciationof,vide/gainaninsightinto 24、把某因素考虑进去：takesth.Intoaccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto 25、品位人生/自由/青春：savorthelife/freedom/youth 26、培养对的信心：develop/fosteronesinterest/confidencein 27、经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experiencegreatchanges/hardships/experience 28、表现出自信心等：projectonesconfidence/feeling/image 29、生活充满不公正的地方：lifeisfullofminorirritation/injustice 30、追求学习/职业：pursueonesacademicinterest/professionalcareer 31、学习知识/技术：pursue/acquireknowledge/technology/skill 32、被看作学习的榜样：beheldupasagoodexample 33、交流经验/知识：shareexperience/ideas/problems/knowledge 34、发挥/起到重要作用：playan(important/active/great)role/part 35、逃学/缺课：skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecture 36、知识/经验丰富：richinknowledge/experience 37、确立/追求目标：set/pursueagoal/higherstandard 38、到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stainthegoal/aim/objective 39、克服困难：overcomeobstacles/difficulty 40、面临危险/困难：beconfronted/facedwith/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty 41、阻碍了成功：standinthewayofsuccess,beanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth 42、阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof 43、持传统的看法：holdconventionalwisdom 44、发表看法：voice/expressonesopinion 45、持相反/合理的观点：taketheopposite/freshview 46、揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatterthemythof47、求得帮助：enlistonessupport/help 48、缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf(betweencityandcountry) 49、把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/ownthesuccess/failureto50、对重要：beindispensable/important/vitalto 51、施加压力：put/exertaacademicpressureon 52、重视：assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto 53、强调：place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon 54、把注意力集中在：focus/concentrateonesattention/efforts/thoughtsupon 55、提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnishanopportunity/informationforsb. 56、抓住机会：grab/seize/taketheopportunity 57、得到机会：enjoy/gainaccesstoaopportunity/information 58、有可能：thereis(little/much)possibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat 59、展开竞争：competeagainst/withsb.fortheprize/position/control/themasteryof 60开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against) 61、对我很有/没有什么意义：makemuch/littlesensetome 62、带来无穷的幸福/满足：beasourceofhappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint 63、献身于：devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoacause/career 64、大不（没什么）两样：makemuch(little/no)difference 65、真正重要的是：whatreallymatters/accountsis 66、改变生活旅程：change/alterthecourseoflife 67、建立在大量的学习/实践上：builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice 68、进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experiment 69、辞去工作/学习：leave/quitonesjob/work/school 70、参加考试/竞赛等：enter(for)theexamination/contest,race 71、参加活动/讨论：takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion 72、影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shapeonesthinking/attitude 73、进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals 74、实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieveonesdream(hops/wish/desire) 75、减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension 76、提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgradesocialstatus/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership77、提高技术/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)onesskill/ability 78、加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthedevelopmentof 79、随着生活节奏的加快：withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society80、开阔眼界/兴趣：broadenonesinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)onesmentalhorizons 81、有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contributemuch/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof/thepopularityof/thegrowthof/thesolutionof 82、有助于解决问题：goalongwayto(towards)solvingtheproblem 83、迷恋名利/分数：beobsessed/preoccupiedwithgrades/fame/fortune 84、把时间花/