2013年12月英语六级考前冲刺.doc

On the Overdependence of Chinas College Students on Their Parents【精彩范文】On the Overdependence of Chinas College Students on Their ParentsIn the United States, students generally seek an independent life at 18. They take on part-time jobs, live away from their parents, and finance their own education partially, if not completely. Upon graduation, they find a job, or launch their own business by filing for loans from the bank. They live in rented apartments even after marriage and buy a house only when they can afford it. This is a typical pattern how the American younger generation grows up.By contrast, most college students in present-day China, as the sole children of their families, take for granted their excessive dependence upon their parents. They hold their parents responsible for furnishing them with all the tuitions and living expenses. They seldom work part-time to alleviate their parents of their burdens. They have expensive dinners and birthday celebrations with their parents hard-earned money through months of hard work.In recent years, under the pretext of employment difficulty, some students return home to live with their parents after graduation. While their parents are busy at work, they idle away their time day after day, least concerned with finding a job to have their own source of income. Worse still, they exhaust every penny of their parents and even grandparents to buy an apartment for their own enjoyment. In doing so, they even plunge their parents into serious debts.This group of students have come to acquire an infamous name“the Elderly-Devouring Community”. A more understandable phrase might be “parasites”. This community has come into existence as a result of long-time over-indulgence on the part of parents and the indolence and selfishness on the part of students themselves. Compared with their American counterparts, Chinese students should feel ashamed of themselves and take immediate actions to terminate their elderly-devouring behavior and become independent and self-reliant.【参考译文】啃老族现象在美国，学生一旦年满18，普遍都要去寻找自己独立的人生。他们从事兼职工作，搬出家庭，与父母分开居住;即使不是全部，也会部分地支付他们接受教育的费用。毕业之际，他们会找份工作，或向银行贷款来自己进行创业;即使是结婚成家之后，也仍住在租来的公寓里;只有当他们具备了足够的支付能力之后，才会去购房。这就是美国年轻一代典型的成长模式。与此相反，当下中国的大多数大学生，作为其家庭中的独生子女，将他们对父母的过度依赖视为理所当然。他们认为，父母亲有责任来为他们提供大学学习期间所有的学费及生活费。他们很少去做兼职的工作以减轻父母的负担。他们拿着父母工作数月才能赚得的来之不易的钱，出入昂贵的饭馆，举办生日庆祝晚会。近年来，打着就业难的借口，有些大学生毕业之后回到家中，与父母住在一起。在其父母忙于工作的同时，他们却日复一日地虚耗着光阴，丝毫没有出去找工作、拥有其独立经济来源的心思。更为糟糕的是，他们会耗竭父母、甚至爷爷奶奶的每一个铜板，就是为着去购房供自己享受。在这么做的过程中，他们甚至令其父母债台高筑。这一学生群体，现在已获得了一个臭名昭著的称呼“啃老族”。一个更清晰易懂的说法可能就是“寄生虫一族”。该群体之所以得以形成，原因在于其父母长期的溺爱，以及学生自身的懒惰与自私。与其美国同龄人相比，中国学生应为自己感到羞愧，并应立即行动起来，终止其“啃老”行为，去寻找自己独立的人生，自食其力。【值得熟记的句式与短语】1. take on part-time jobs从事兼职工作2. launch their own business by filing for loans from the bank向银行贷款来自己进行创业3. the sole children of their families家庭中的独生子女4. They hold their parents responsible for furnishing them with all the tuitions and living expenses. 他们认为，父母亲有责任来为他们提供大学学习期间所有的学费及生活费。5. alleviate their parents of their burdens减轻父母的负担6. hard-earned money赚得的来之不易的钱7. under the pretext of employment difficulty打着就业难的借口8. they idle away their time day after day他们日复一日地虚耗着光阴9. Worse still更为糟糕的是10. they exhaust every penny of their parents and even grandparents他们会耗竭父母、甚至爷爷奶奶的每一个铜板11. acquire an infamous name获得了一个臭名昭著的称呼12. the Elderly-Devouring Community啃老族13. come into existence形成14. long-time over-indulgence长期的溺爱15. take immediate actions立即行动起来16. independent and self-reliant独立，自食其力The Craze of Entering the Civil ServiceFor over a decade, the craze of Chinese college graduates taking qualifying examinations to become civil servants has remained unabated. An important proportion of graduates view civil service as their top priority in job selection and they spare no efforts in preparing for those examinations, sometimes years before their graduation.To some extent, this craze is a modern revival of the ancient notion that “those who excel in academics end up in officialdom.” In the present-day China, however, there are complicated reasons underlying this phenomenon. The jobs in sectors other than civil service are insecure and unstable, and employees have to work under greater stress faced with growing competitions in the workplace and the industry. Some government departments are related to monopolized industries and civil servants can enjoy unusually high salaries and welfare benefits. Finally, government officials are usually regarded as occupying the highest rung of the social hierarchy and a student who succeeds in becoming government official is considered the pride of the family, adding prestige and glory to the entire clan.For all the apparent attractions of the officialdom, the craze of entering the civil service is a distorted one. In the United States, truly ambitious students enter the industry instead of civil departments, where they apply their individual initiative to achieve personal success. It has already been pointed out that, with so many best minds of the nation fighting their way into the civil sectors, the consequences are catastrophic. The civil servants system, with its inherent bureaucracy and rigid rules, would inevitably turn the otherwise energetic and aggressive young people into docile followers of their superiors instructions and dutiful but mediocre implementers of executive orders. This will considerably undermine the vitality of a whole generation and the competitiveness of the entire country in the international arena. All forms of craze are accompanied by elements of irrationality and abnormality and, the sooner this craze vanishes, the better.【参考译文】考公务员热十多年以来，中国大学毕业生参加资格考试成为公务员的热潮，一直势头强劲，丝毫不减。相当一部分比例的大学毕业生将文职系统作为其选择工作的最优项，并且不遗余力地进行备考，有时往往在毕业前的几年就着手进行了。在某种程度上，这般热潮是“学而优则仕”这一古代观念在现代的复活。但在当下的中国，这一现象背后则隐藏着更为复杂的原因。文职体系之外的部门中，工作缺乏稳定性和固定性;面对着工作单位内部以及来自业界的日趋激烈的竞争，雇员们必须在更大的压力下工作。成为公务员则舒适安慰得多。另外，某些政府机构与垄断行业有关，那里的公务员可以享受到极高的薪水和福利待遇。最后，政府官员往往被视为占据着社会等级体系中最高的层级，一个能成功地成为政府官员的学生无不被看作家庭的骄傲，能够为整个家族带来声誉和荣耀。尽管公务员体系不乏所有这些明显的诱人之处，但考公务员热却是一个畸形扭曲的现象。在美国，真正有抱负的学生，会选择进入业界，而非进入文职部门;在业界，他们发挥其个人进取心，来实现人生的成就。早就有人指出，中国如许多最优秀的人才削尖了脑袋往文职部门里挤，其后果是灾难性的。公务员体系，以其所固有的官僚体制及清规戒律，会将原本是精力充沛、敢做敢为的年轻一代，变成服服帖帖的应声虫，对长官意志惟命是从;在执行行政命令的过程中，虽恪尽职守，但终究碌碌无为。这将在相当程度上削弱整个一代人的活力，削弱整个国家在国际竞技场上的竞争力。所有的狂热背后必伴随着非理性与反常的成分，因此，考公务员热如能尽早消失，则善莫大矣。【值得熟记的句式与短语】1. taking qualifying examinations to become civil servants参加资格考试成为公务员2. An important proportion of很大一部分3. top priority最先考虑4. spare no efforts不遗余力5. those who excel in academics end up in officialdom学而优则仕6. there are complicated reasons underlying this phenomenon这一现象背后隐藏着复杂的原因7. be faced with面对着8. monopolized industries垄断行业9. enjoy unusually high salaries and welfare benefits享受到极高的薪水和福利待遇10. occupy the highest rung of the social hierarchy占据着社会等级体系中最高的层级11. the pride of the family家庭的骄傲12. adding prestige and glory to the entire clan能够为整个家族带来声誉和荣耀13. apply their individual initiative to achieve personal success发挥其个人进取心，来实现人生的成就14. with so many best minds of the nation fighting their way into the civil sectors中国如许多最优秀的人才削尖了脑袋往文职部门里挤15. its inherent bureaucracy and rigid rules固有的官僚体制及清规戒律16. dutiful but mediocre implementers of executive orders在执行行政命令的过程中，虽恪尽职守，但终究碌碌无为17. undermine the vitality of a whole generation削弱整个一代人的活力18. elements of irrationality and abnormality非理性与反常的成分Economic Development and Environmental Protection【精彩范文】Economic Development and Environmental ProtectionEconomic development and environmental protection are a pressing issue primarily for developing countries where, in trying to catch up with developed countries, they have to consume natural resources on an unprecedented scale. This has seriously polluted our environment and, with the global environmental campaign gaining momentum, many people in China call for the precedence of environmental protection over economic development.Any attempt to pose economic development and environmental protection as diametrically contradictory is simple-minded. Since no country is willing to stop its economic development, the best way is to strike a balance between the two and to heighten the environmental awareness of those solely concerned with economic development.European countries both economically developed and environmentally friendly can serve as perfect examples for China. Their success story in both undertakings illustrates that environmental protection does not mean a complete standstill of economic activities or exploitation of natural resources, but rather an active development and application of effective technologies to minimize environmental consequences. In Germany, environmental protection has become part of economic development as it boasts the worlds most successful environmental industry. With a developed economy, we are well equipped to develop sophisticated technologies that can effectively safeguard our environment.The relationship between economic development and environment protection is a complex one. For modern men, neither a primitive society which is perfectly ecologically friendly nor an industrial civilization which is ecologically hostile is what we want. Environmental problems arise as a result of industrialization and only technologies can deliver solutions to those problems. Rather than simply returning to the past of non-human activity, we can seek active technological solutions in solar energy and wind energy to replace fossil fuels. By the time this key contributor to environmental deterioration is eradicated, man will achieve a win-win result between economic development and environmental protection.【参考译文】经济发展与环境保护经济发展与环境保护构成了一个迫在眉睫的问题，这主要发生在发展中国家，因为在这些国家，在不遗余力追赶发达国家的过程中，人们不得不以史无前例的规模去消耗自然资源。这便严重地污染了我们的环境。随着全球范围内的环保运动势头日趋强劲，中国国内的许多人便大声疾呼，相对于经济发展，环境保护应被摆在首要位置。任何将经济发展与环境保护绝然对立起来的做法，都显得头脑简单。既然没有哪个国家会愿意让其经济发展停滞下来，最好的方法就是在两者之间达成一种平衡;对于那些只关注经济发展的人，应努力提高其环保意识。那些既经济发达又环境友好的欧洲国家，可以为中国充当一种完美的典范。它们在这两项事业中的成功故事，例证着这样一个道理，即环境保护并非意味着经济活动或自然资源的开发利用彻底陷入停顿，而是意味着积极主动地去研发并应用有效的技术，以便将环境后果降至最低限度。在德国，环保已变成经济发展的一个部分，因为该国拥有世界上最成功的环保产业。拥有了发达的经济，我们才有充分的条件去研发尖端的技术，才能真正有效地保护我们的环境。经济发展与环境保护之间的关系甚为复杂。对于现代人而言，完全环境友好型的原始社会，或者是充满生态敌意的工业文明，二者中没有哪个是我们所要的。环境问题因工业化过程而产生，但也只能经由工业技术才能对这些问题带来解决之道。我们不应该简单地回归过去，让人类陷入无为的状态，而是要在太阳能、风能等能源中寻找积极主动的技术解决方案，来替代化石燃料。当化石燃料这个环境恶化的主要推手被铲除之际，人类在经济发展与环境保护之间，就能实现一种双赢的格局。【值得熟记的句式与短语】1. consume natural resources on an unprecedented scale以史无前例的规模去消耗自然资源2. global environmental campaign gaining momentum全球范围内的环保运动势头日趋强劲3. many people in China call for the precedence of environmental protection over economic development中国国内的许多人便大声疾呼，相对于经济发展，环境保护应被摆在首要位置。4. strike a balance between the two在两者之间达成一种平衡5. to heighten the environmental awareness提高环保意识6. a complete standstill彻底陷入停顿7. exploitation of natural resources对自然资源的开发利用8. to minimize environmental consequences将环境后果降至最低限度9. environmental industry环保产业10. develop sophisticated technologies that can effectively safeguard our environment研发尖端的技术，真正有效地保护我们的环境11. a primitive society which is perfectly ecologically friendly nor an industrial civilization which is ecologically hostile完全环境友好型的原始社会，或者是充满生态敌意的工业文明12. only technologies can deliver solutions to those problems只有技术才能对这些问题带来解决之道13. environmental deterioration环境恶化14. a win-win result一种双赢的格局写作常用加分句型四六级写作的题材与我们日常生活息息相关，通常涉及事物间的比较，说明其相似性和相异性、事物之间的因果关系，有时要求考生分析事实，找出原因或解决问题的方法，或对一个问题提出个人看法等，所以，在复习时，要尽可能熟悉和掌握表达这些关系的常用句型：(1) 相似性A is to B what / as C is to D (A 之于B犹如C之于D)e. g. Moral corruption is to the State as physical disease is to an individual body.Classic music is to my generation what pops are to her generation.Just as, so(正如,也如此)e. g. Just as woods are indispensable to birds , so is the earth to human beings.Just as they must put aside their prejudices, so we must be prepared to accept their good faith.A and B have something in common (A和B有共同之处)e. g. As human beings, the American and Chinese have lots of things in common.Tom and I have background in common.A is similar to B(A与B相似)e. g. My hobby is similar to his in that we both like collecting records, foreign and domestic.My problems are very similar to yours.The same is true of/ The same can be said of (也是如此)e. g. As the economies of all countries are closely interrelated no country can develop in self seclusion. The same is true of China.(2) 相异性A is just the opposite (to B)(A和B正相反)e. g. Beijing is populous and crowded, while Canberra is just the opposite.A differs (is different) from B in that(A不同于B在于)e. g. Chinas condition differs from ours in that China has the largest population in the world.The family sedans made in China are different from/ than those made by the Americans. They are more compact and energy saving.(The case) is not the same (是不相同的)e. g. While it may be true that basketball and volleyball share certain features, the excitement each arouses in the spectators is not the same.The development zones in the eastern coastal areas are mostly initiated and supported by governments, but the case is not the same with those in the west.Contrary to (On the contrary) (正相反)e. g. Contrary to our estimation, the economic situation of the country is gradually getting better.They asked me if I had finished the job. On the contrary, I have only just begun.(3) 权衡The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. (利大于弊)e. g. It seems safe to say that the advantages of marriage outweigh the disadvantages of divorce.As is shown by the arguments, the drawbacks of cloning technology outweigh its promising advances.Nothing can rival/ There is no rival to (是无与伦比的)e. g. Perhaps nothing can rival the pleasure from reading.There was no rival to him as a poet.has drawbacks as well as merits (既有优点，也有不足)e. g. There could be no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.A is superior to B (A优于B)e. g. Men may be superior to women in physical affairs. Yet, there is no difference in intelligence.The computer is vastly superior to the book.vary from person to person (是因人而异的)e. g. Peoples attitude towards drugs varies from person to person.The picture varied in detail from place to place.(4) 过渡句型a. 承上启下，使新观点不致显得过于突兀、武断It is true that most jobs are a series of more or less unpleasant chores, but it doesnt follow that thats all they are.That is true, no doubt, but it is not his whole story by any means.It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably less well known that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.b.引用图表内容时的过渡句型。图表作文经常使用as 从句做解释性描述的过渡。As is revealed in the graph, As the survey results show, As we could find out later in this unit, his plan was not quite as he had expected.This table provides several important points of comparison between the two universities. As can be indicated in the table, the housing space for the staff of A in 1995 was 34 500 square meters, which nearly doubled the Bs corresponding figure.(5)描写曲线走势的常用句型。曲线的走势可用上升、下降、保持平稳、有所波动等用语来描述：Before 1970 the birth rate remained level. Then in 1970 it fell till it reached 30 per thousand.The birth rate in this region rocketed to the highest peak in 1963.Although prices fluctuated between 1962 and 1972, overall the trend was downward.The economy went up and down in a zigzag way.After a steady decline for a whole decade the countrys fertility rate shows signs of leveling off.(6)描述图表常用的概括性句型这种句子通常用于文章或段落的开头和结尾：This table provides several interesting points of comparison between A and B.The two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply records The second graph throws a new light onThe key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:If drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense of safety, the rate of accidents can be expected to decline even more dramatically in the year 1991.有些作文的出题形式是图表。因此考生需要熟悉和掌握一些常用的句型来解释图表，分析和表达数据间的倍数和比例关系。Asia ranks first both in area and in population among the seven continents. Europe is second to Asia in population, but in area it is the last but one.We all hope that a countrys population should be in proportion to its area. Unfortunately, the reality often goes against our will.And in August as many as 39 car accidents were recorded, indicating an increase of about 79 percent as compared with the number of January.A is by far the largest university, being over three times as big as B.“time”常用来表达倍数，总结其搭配，大致有如下几种：as large asthe size (volume, etc.) ofthat ofover that of倍数+times+ greater (形容词比较级) thanas against3 times as large as 比大两倍(是的3倍)3 times the size (volume, etc.) of 是3倍大(比大两倍)17 times that of 是的17倍(比多16倍)17 times over that of (for) 是的17倍 (比多16倍)17 times greater 增加了16倍 (是的17倍)3 times as against 为的3倍twice/thrice as