2012年职称英语考试模拟题(理工类A级).doc

2012年职称英语等级考试模拟题一（理工类A级）第1 部分：词汇选项(第115 题，每题1 分，共15 分)下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. play B. send C. show D. tell2. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive3. She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D.enormous4. The book made a great impact on its readers.A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.A. pleasant B. colorful C. fashionable D. different6. He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. competent7. Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates8. Dont irritate her, shes on a short fuse today.A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect9. It is absurd to go out in such terrible weatherA. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting10. I notified him that that my address had changed.A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled11. The manager allocate duties to the clerks.A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald13. It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed14. We must abide by the rules.A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion第2 部分：阅读判断(第1622 题，每题1 分，共7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Sonic DeviceThe other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus ofthe University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and2impediments (障碍物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him “library here, libraryhere”, “bench here, bench here”.Dr. Smith was testing a prototype (样机) navigation system for the blind that announced thesurrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack,creating a virtual reality landscape (仿真影像). The information came not from some miniatureradar but from the signals broadcast by the militarys network of global positioning satellites (全球定位卫星). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized (小型化的) versions of this navigationdevices, which now weighs twenty-eight pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliarneighborhoods.“With this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going”,said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie-Mellon University who is working with Dr.Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said,“A blind person could walk down the street and know not just he was at 80th and Broadway, butwhat stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen ( 熟食店) was up ahead. This navigationsystem tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically.” Itlets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and learn their way around.The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acousticdisplay( 仿真声音显示).” This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announcethemselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if theobjects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his orher distance or direction, and use that information for guidance. While no one knows whether it isbecause blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing, those who have tried the systemsay that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. “One of the crucial featuresof this system is that it takes advantage of sensory psychophysics (感官心理物理学) how thebrain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate,” Dr.Oberdor said.16.Thanks to the help of this sonic device, blind people can hear obstacles in the wayspeaking out their names.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Dr. Smith hopes to make this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliarplaces.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Although this device will be useful, most of the blind may not afford it.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can lead the blind people to the exact place he/shewants to go.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The blind can hear better than ordinary people.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Scientists intend to reduce the weight of this device to ten pound.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Sensory psychophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330 题，每题1 分，共8 分）下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：(1)第2326 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第36 段每段选择1 个最佳标题；(2)第2730 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最佳选项。3Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a sourceof light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electriclight. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light andthe kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun becauseelectromagnetic energy travels through space.3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat isproduced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, orradar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amountsof energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electriclights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killingcertain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel rightthrough solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry tofind hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of ourenergy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth asrain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Othergenerators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was apuzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted intoenergy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) byman. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from achange in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions releasemillions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes fromthe nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power togenerate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue toseek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.23. Paragraph 3 _24. Paragraph 4 _25. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyB. The Most Important Source of EnergyC. Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD. The Machines Used for Energy GenerationE. Seeking New Sources of EnergyF. The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in Medicine27. One can get a sunburn even _.28. Infrared radiation can produce heat _.29. X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer _.30. Chemical energy is generated _.4A. when it is absorbed by matterB. when it is cloudyC. because they can pass through solid objectsD. when the sunrays are fierceE. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeF. when electron rearrangement takes place第4 部分：阅读理解(第3145 题，每题3 分，共45 分)下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。一篇PoolWatchSwimmers can drown (淹死) in busy swimming pools when lifeguards ( 救生员) fail tonotice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that onaverage 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury aftergetting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence (人工智能)system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signalto a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes,it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair MeQuade, a spokesman for its maker,Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AIsoftware analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tellthe difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or sideof the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows andreflections dancing around.” says McQuade.The software does this by “projecting” a shape in its field of view onto an image of the farwall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from adifferent angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadowand is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows itstrajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly isadded to the softwares “pre-alert” list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on thepool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks(仔细检查) that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures thepools floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing theswimmers location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in HighWycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventorof the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools, and he was once anunderwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,”he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system oughtto be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.31. AI means the same asA. an image.5B. an idea.C. anyone in the water.D. artificial intelligence.32. What is required of AI software to save a life?A. It must be able to swim.B. It must keep walking round the pool.C. It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.D. It can save a life within a few months.33. How does Poseidon save a life?A. He plunges into the pool.B. It alerts the lifeguard.C. He cries for help.D. It rushes to the pool.34. Which of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true?A. He runs.B. He invented the clockwork radio.C. He was once an entertainer.D. He runs a company.35. The word “considered” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced byA. “thought”.B. “rated”.C. “regarded”.D. “believed”.第二篇“Hidden” SpeciesMay Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant may bemuch more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications inareas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding ofinfectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with theadvent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and KlausSchwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on crypticanimal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all majorbranches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insectsand reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species thatare seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species thathave low populations and are highly endangered, says Pfenninger. Until the genetic informationof all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many crypticspecies exist, It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says.Im extremely surprised by their results, says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph inOntario3, Canada. Its a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we aredoing. Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish andbirds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenningersays researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal6kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephantswere actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant andthe African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, bythe World Conservation Union （WCU）.The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that haveevolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significantconsequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused:attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species wasactually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. The basicunit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with,Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clearwhat species was being studied.36. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOTtrue?A. The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B. The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C. The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D. The results of the research can help our understanding of survival of the fittest. 37. What was scientists understanding of cryptic species?A. They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.B. They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.C. They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.D. Both Band C.38. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?A. Not yet.B. Yes, they do.C. They will know the answer in another one or two-years.D. They will never know the answer.39. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?A. The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.B. They are interbreeding species.C. They are two genetically distant species.D. They depend on each other for survival.40. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s.because scientistsA. identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.B. thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.C. thought there was only one mosquito species.D. did not know what species was being studied.第三篇Too Little for GlobalWarmingOil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize,according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in7Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide inthe atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defendingtheir predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say theyconsidered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning couldeasily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet.The IPCCs predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, anagreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of futurescenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energysources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of UppsalaUniversity say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCCscenarios to come to pass.Although estimates of oil and gas reser