考研英语模拟预测题模拟.doc

2011考研英语模拟考场(演练版)(八)Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words (1) which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we (2) , that is to say, from the (3) of our own family and from our familiar associates, and (4) we should know and use (5) we could not read or write. They (6) the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who (7) the language. Such words may be called popular, since they belong to the people (8) and are not the exclusive (9) of a limited class.On the other hand, our language (10) a multitude of words which are comparatively (11) used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little (12) to use them at home or in the market-place. Our (13) acquaintance with them comes not from our mothers (14) or from the talk of our school-mates, (15) from books that we read, lectures that we (16) , or the more (17) conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular (18) in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual (19) of everyday life. Such words are called learned, and the (20) between them and the popular words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.1A at B with C by D through2A study B imitate C stimulate D learn3A mates B relatives C members D fellows4A which B that C those D ones5A even B despite C even if D in spite of6A mind B concern C care D relate7A hire B apply C adopt D use8A in public B at most C at large D at best9A right B privilege C share D possession10A consists B comprises C constitutes D composes11A seldom B much C never D often12A prospect B way C reason D necessity13A primary B first C principal D prior14A tips B mouth C lips D tongue15A besides B and C or D but16A hear of B attend C hear from D listen17A former B formula C formal D formative18A theme B topic C idea D point19A border B link C degree D extent20A diversion B distinction C diversity D similarity Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Text 1Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines, the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In contrast to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form does quite the same things.What is science fiction? To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.The first point-that science fiction is a literary subgenre-is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Rossums Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known, the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.21Science fiction is called a literary subgenre because_.A it is not important enough to be a literary genreB it cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC it shares characteristics with other types of prose fictionD to call it a genre would subject it to literary jargon22The final sentence in the text implies that_.A the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fictionB there is no reason for any reader not to like science fictionC the reader should compare other novels and stories to science fictionD those who can appreciate prose fiction can appreciate science fiction23From the last paragraph, we know that people read science fiction especially for_.A the discovery of meaningB the beauty of languageC the display of characterD the psychological complexity24An appropriate title for this passage would be_.A On the Inaccuracies of Pulp MagazinesB Toward a Definition of Science FictionC A Type of Prose FictionD Beyond the Bug-Eyed Monster25According to the author, the popular image of science fiction is_.A prejudicedB impartialC worthyD admiring Text 2This book is written expressly for students in an attempt to present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistry sections that follow.The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurse. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic and biochemistry is covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but also it is of more interest to the student. In the authors experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry.The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with some additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course.The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours, the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing, it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry.The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry.26 Which of the following is TRUE about reading the book?A One must first review his high school courses.B Previous courses in chemistry are necessary.C A good mastery of biochemistry is essential.D One neednt have studied chemistry before.27In the authors experience, the students are most interested in_.A chemistry as a wholeB biochemistryC inorganic chemistryD organic chemistry28Para. 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its_.A vividness of the languageB simplicity in presentationC adaptability to various needsD complexity of the plot29The authors attitude towards this book is_.A doubtfulB criticalC apatheticD approving30The purpose of this book is_.A to provide students with helpful and interesting materialB to preface the Curriculum Guide with a brief account of biochemistryC to present inorganic and organic chemistry in detailsD to raise nonprofessional students interests in chemistry Text 3New claims for unemployment insurance dipped last week, suggesting that companies are laying off fewer workers as the budding economic recovery unfolds. The Labor Department reported on Thursday that for the work week ending April 27, new claims for jobless benefits went down by a seasonally adjusted 10,000 to 418,000, the lowest level since March 23In another report, orders to U. S. factories rose for the fourth straight month, a solid 0.4 percent rise in March. The figure was largely boosted by stronger demand for unendurable goods, such as food, clothes, paper products and chemicals. Total unendurable goods were up 1.6 percent in March, the biggest increase in two years. Orders also rose for some manufactured goods, including metals, construction machinery, household appliances and defense equipment. The report reinforces the view that the nations manufacturers-which sharply cut production and saw hundreds of thousands of jobs evaporate during the recession-are on the comeback trail. Stocks were rising again on Thursday. In the first half-four of trading, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 43 points and the Nasdaq index was up 14 points.In the jobless-claims report, even with the decline, a government analyst said, the level was inflated as a result of a technical fluke. The distortion is coming from a requirement that laid-off workers seeking to take advantage of a federal extension for benefits must summit new claims. Congress recently passed legislation signed into law by President Bush that provided a 13-week extension of jobless benefits.The fluck has clouded the layoffs picture for several weeks. But the government analyst said the refilling requirement is having much less of an effect on the claims numbers than in previous weeks. The more stable four-week moving average of new claims, which smoothes out weekly fluctuation, also fell last week to 435750, the lowest level since the beginning of April. But the number of workers continuing to receive unemployment benefits rose to 3.8 million for the work week ending April 20, evidence that people who are out of work are having trouble finding new jobs.Economists predict that job growth wont be strong enough in the coming months to prevent the nations unemployment rate-now at 5.7 percent-from rising. Many economists are forecasting a rise in Aprils jobless rate to 5.8 percent and estimating that businesses added around 55,000 jobs during the month. The government will release the April employment report on Friday. Even as the economy bounces back from recession, some economists expect the jobless rate will peak to just over 6 percent by June. That is because companies will be reluctant to quickly hire back laid-off workers until they are assured the recovery is here to stay. Given the fledging rebound, many economists expect the Federal Reserve to leave short-term interest rates-now at 40-year lows-unchanged when it meets on May 7The Fed adjusted interest rates 11 times in a row last year to rescue the economy from recession, which began in May 2001.31The fact that new claims for jobless benefits decreased shows that_.A the economy is well on its way to recoveryB more jobless workers have found new jobsC companies have slowed down firing workersD unemployment rates fluctuate on a seasonal basis32What is the present situation of the manufacturing industry?A It is recovering.B It now suffers much setback.C It has opened up thousands of employment opportunities.D It has increased the production of unendurable goods.33In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the level refers to the level of_.A unemploymentB growth of productionC new jobless claimsD rise of the stocks34Which of the following was on the rise in April?A New claims for jobless benefits.B The number of workers laid off.C The number of people living on jobless benefits.D The number of people finding new jobs.35One result of the present budding economic recovery is the_.A reduction in unemployment rateB gradual rise of the interest ratesC reduced new claims for unemployment insuranceD reduction in inflation rate Text 4Horse thieves, cattle rustlers, bank robbers, train and stagecoach robbers, highwaymen, murderers, these were but some of the criminals who infested the American frontier during the 19th century. In English legend Robin Hood can be considered a bandit, but the outlaws of the Old West were far more violent men and women without any scruples when it came to taking property or life.The careers of many outlaws have been glamorized through fictional accounts of their deeds and their exploits have been the basis for many movie scripts.The era of the American outlaw lasted about 100 years roughly from 1800 to 1900There had been lawlessness during the Colonial Era. Frontiers have always attracted misfits, failures and renegades who hope to profit by being beyond the reach of government. In the years just before the Revolutionary War, gangs of horse thieves in the back country of South Carolina were broken up by organized bands of farmers called regulators.As frontier settlement expanded rapidly after the Revolution, more opportunities for criminals opened, two common types of bandits were highwaymen and river pirates. Highwaymen accosted people who traveled on foot or horseback, while river pirates preyed upon the boat traffic on the Ohio, Mississippi, and other rivers. Some bandits engaged in both.Criminals in the West gathered momentum with the gold rushes to California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and other states. Stagecoaches and trains carrying gold and money became prime targets for bands of outlaws. Bank robberies emerged after the California Gold Rush of 1849 and as prosperity found its way to frontier towns. The first stage robbery was recorded in 1851, and the first train robbery happened in 1866.After the Civil War there was the growth of the cattle kingdom in Texas and neighboring states. Cattle rustling and horse theft turned into significant operations. Range wars bred a great amount of violence. Cattlemen fought over land and water rights, and they fought with great bitterness against sheep farmers. In Texas, range wars were fought over the use of barbed wire to fence grazing land.By the end of the 19th century, the frontier era was past. Major crime shifted to the cities. Ethnic gangs had existed in the slums for decades, preying mostly on their fellow immigrants. With the arrival of Prohibition in the 1920s, an impetus was given to the formation of organized crime as it exists today.36 At the beginning of the text the author indicates that_.A Robin Hood was as cruel as a banditB the story of Robin Hood has never been documentedC the criminals in Americas Old West were extremely cruelD the Western countries used to be infested with bandits37We can infer from the text that the careers of some outlaws_.A are materials of many fictionsB have been glorified in some moviesC are criticized by people in our timeD have been recorded38What happened immediately after the American Revolution?A The number of crimes was less than that after frontier settlement.B Major criminal behaviors took a new turn.C The number of criminals largely increased.D Crimes shifted from the land to sea.39According to Paragraphs 5 and 6, which of the following is INCORRECT?A The gold rushes brought about more opportunities for crimes.B Banks gained their prosperity in frontier towns after 1849.C After the Civ