英语时态都该怎么用？.doc

英语基础语法：过去进行时一、构成方法过去进行时由 was/were 加现在分词构成。二、用法说明表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。如：What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么？During the summer of 1999 she was travelling in Europe. 1999年夏天她在欧洲旅行。表示过去将来，多用于go, come, leave, start, take off等动词。如：He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。表示过去的经常动作，常与always，forever等连用，略带感*彩。如：She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。(赞扬) She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厌烦) 表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。如：I was reading the newspaper when the doorbell rang. 我正在看报，突然门铃响了。Jim burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 吉姆做饭时把手烫了。I met Diana while I was shopping this morning. 我今早买东西时碰到了戴安娜。表示两个同时持续的动作。如：I was doing my homework while he was listening to music. 我在做作业而他在听音乐。过去进行时可以表示客气的语气。如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 不知我可否顺便搭你的车。现在进行时一、构成方法现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。二、用法说明表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：Theyre having a meeting. 他们在开会。Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。表示计划或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。如：Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。Theyre having a party next week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。注：表示安排将要做的事，人作主语宜用现在进行时，事物作主语，宜用一般现在时。试比较：Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。(不宜说I dont) The concert starts at 7: 30. 音乐会七点半开始。现在进行时与always, often, forever等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。如：Youre always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨) My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满) Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬) 现在进行时在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。如：He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise. 注意：像 be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to 等静态动词通常不用于进行时。一般过去时一、构成方法一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加ed。二、用法说明表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。如：He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如：We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。如：He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。表示主语过去的特征或性格。如：At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如：He said he would wait until they came back. 一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。如：I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如：I didnt know you were here. 没想到你在这里。注意：1. 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。如：He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不”。如：Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Its 2566666. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。是2566666。一般现在时一、构成一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外，一律用动词原形。二、用法一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如：Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。一般现在时表示格言或警句。如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态。如：I am a teacher. 我是教师。Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well. 彼得汉语写得不错，讲的可不行。以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。在下列情况下表示将来：1. 在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。Suppose he doesnt agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。2. 在the morethe more (越越) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。如：The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。3. 在make sure (certain) , see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常