英语畅谈中国文化50主题4.doc

04-Differences Between Chinese and Western MedicinesA: For many years, there have been repeated discussions to give up Chinese medicine. Its recently become a hot topic once again. Advocates believe the Chinese medicine is not scientifically based in comparison to Western medicine. B: Although it is debatable whether Chinese medicine is scientifically sound ,you can not deny that it has rich philosophic significance. This is very different from Western medicine. Usually, a Chinese medicine practitioner approaches the illness from a broader perspective, emphasizing its entirety and dialectical implications. This is why some people view it as holistic medicine. In contrast, a Western doctor deals directly with the symptoms. For instance, if someone has a sore throat, a Western doctor will treated it as a throat problem while a Chinese doctor may link it to the disorder of the patients stomach.A: Whats the difference between Chinese and Western medicines? B: A Chinese doctor examines its patient by using methods like observing, smelling, asking and feeling. His Western counterpart relies on symptoms or evidence like body temperature and lab tests. The Chinese doctor determines the problems of the patients internal organs by inference through observing observing various exterior signs ,such as complexion or the tongue .A Western doctor, on the other hand, makes his judgment based on the results of lab test on the internal organs. He then reinforces his judgment by examining exterior symptoms. A Western doctor uses chemical-based medicines and surgery, while a Chinese doctor relies on some herbal medicines and acupuncture. : For patient, which is preferable? B: It depends. Usually a Chinese doctor will recommend Western medicine for intensive treatment, and Chinese medicine for the recovery. In fact, Chinese medicine is probably more effective in treating some functional diseases, where the cause is difficult to discover. A: What will happen if Chinese medicine is indeed abandoned?B: No idea, but for people with terminal diseases, Chinese medicine may be their last resort. Chinese medicine can not only alleviate pain, but also offers the option of a different treatment.Background Reading背景阅读Chinese Medicines中医药 Chinese herbs are usually combined in formulae to enhance their properties and function.Symptoms and signs are matched with therapeutic effectsreflecting the particular conditions and needs of each patientAge-old medical wisdom has it that tonic formulae restore eroded body resources；regulating formulae decongest the qi(the animating force that gives us our capacity to move，think，feel，and work)；moisture and blood formulae relieve discomfort; and purging formulae eliminate adverse internal climates，inviting clear weatherA summary of medical knowledge in the Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperors Classic of Medicine)，compiled some time between 475 and 221 BC，describes the use of acupuncture and moxibustion, the pathology of the meridians and viscera，acupuncture points，indications，,contraindications and the application of nine kinds of needlesThe famous Chinese surgeon Hua Tuo was an expert in acupuncture in the Han Dynasty, and through him the“tsun”a measurement system using the width of a joint of the patients own finger，was developed to locate the acupoints more accuratelyA book appeared around 400AD called Zhen Jiu Jia Yi jing(A Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion)，which described the names and number of points for each channel，their exact locations，indications, and methods of manipulation；these are still used in modem acupuncture and acupressure. The Qing Dynasty once issued a decree banning acupuncture practice because it was thought to be inferior medicines being introduced by invading Western culturesBut，the people were convinced that acupuncture worked and it remained in widespread useIn fact，acupuncture and herbal medicine were exported to Europe in the 17th century 中草药通常以各味药配方来发挥其药效。症状和表征与疗效相配合，反应的是每个病人不同的状况和需求。老中医用滋补的药方来恢复虚弱的身体；调理性的药方有理气之效(所谓气是指赋予我们行动、思考、感情以及劳作等能力的一种驱动力量)；补气的药方可以缓解身体的不适；清热解毒的药方能够排除体内不良的征候，增加有益的因素。有关中医药理论的概括性内容可见于黄帝内经，它于公元前475至公元前221年问编撰而成，对针灸、经络、脏器、穴位、针法，禁忌以及九种不同的针型进行了描述。 中国著名的外科医生华佗是汉代针刺疗法的专家，他发明了一种用病人自己手指关节的长度来衡量穴位距离的方法，以“寸”为单位，使得穴位的确定更加准确。一本出现于约公元400年的书针灸家易经描述了每一个穴位的名称、准确位置、适应症，以及操作方法。这些在现代的针灸及指压治疗中仍在使用。清代时曾颁布一个法令，禁止使用针灸，因为这被认为是由西方入侵者传人的劣等疗法。但是，人们相信针灸的疗效，所以它一直被广泛应用。事实上，针灸和中药疗法在17世纪时已传人欧洲。repeated反复的 approach接近，入手disorder紊乱，失调 counterpart对应的人，对手intensive treatment强化治疗 terminal disease不治之症sore throat嗓子疼 reinforce加强，强化last resort 最后的办法04-Differences Between Chinese and Western MedicinesA: For many years（多年；已经很多年了）, there have been repeated(反复的)discussions to give up（取消，放弃）Chinese medicine. Its recently become a hot topic once again. Advocates(提倡者；支持者) believe the Chinese medicine is not scientifically based in comparison to(与相比)Western medicine. B: Although it is debatable(争议的,有疑问的)whether Chinese medicine is scientifically sound（可靠的）,you can not deny that it has rich philosophic significance. This is very different from Western medicine. Usually, a Chinese medicine practitioner（开业者，从业者）approaches（处理）the illness from a broader perspective（宏观的角度）, emphasizing its entirety（整体）and dialectical（辩证的）implications（含义）. This is why some people view it as holistic（整体的）medicine. In contrast（与此相反）, a Western doctor deals directly with the symptoms. For instance, if someone has a sore（疼痛的）throat, a Western doctor will treated it as a throat problem while a Chinese doctor may link it to the disorder（混乱，失调）of the patients stomach.A: Whats the difference between Chinese and Western medicines? B: A Chinese doctor examines its patient by using methods like observing, smelling, asking and feeling. His Western counterpart（相似之物，副本，对应物）relies on symptoms or evidence like body temperature and lab tests（实验室测试，化验结果）. The Chinese doctor determines the problems of the patients internal（内部的）organs by inference（推论，推断）through observing various exterior（外部的）signs（症状，迹象） ,such as complexion（脸色，肤色） or the tongue .A Western doctor, on the other hand（另一方面）, makes his judgment based on（基于，根据）the results of lab test on the internal（内部的）organs. He then reinforces（加强，证实）his judgment by examining exterior（外部的；表面的）symptoms. A Western doctor uses chemical-based（化工的，化学合成的） medicines and surgery（手术）, while a Chinese doctor relies on（依靠，依赖）herbal（草本的；草药的）medicines and acupuncture（针灸）. A: For patient, which is preferable（更好的，更可取的）? B: It depends（看情况而定。那要看看了。）. Usually a Chinese doctor will recommend Western medicine for intensive（加强的，强化的）treatment, and Chinese medicine for the recovery（恢复，复原）. In fact, Chinese medicine is probably more effective in treating some functional diseases（功能性疾病）, where the cause is difficult to discover. A: What will happen if Chinese medicine is indeed abandoned（遗弃，放弃）?B: No idea（不知道）, but for people with terminal diseases（绝症）, Chinese medicine may be their last resort（终极手段，最后手段）. Chinese medicine can not only alleviate（减轻，缓和）pain, but also offers the option（选择）of a different treatment. Background Reading背景阅读Chinese Medicines中医药 Chinese herbs are usually combined in（化合成，配成）formulae（配方）to enhance（提高；增加；加强）their properties（性能）and function（功能）.Symptoms and signs are matched with therapeutic（治疗的）effects，reflecting the particular conditions and needs of each patientAge-old（古老的） medical wisdom（智慧，才智）has it that tonic（滋补的）formulae restore（恢复）eroded（损坏）body resources；regulating formulae decongest（调理）the qi(the animating（赋予生气的，有活力的）force that gives us our capacity（能力）to move，think，feel，and work)；moisture（潮湿, 湿气）and blood formulae relieve（减轻,解除）discomfort; and purging（清除，净化）formulae eliminate（消除，排除） adverse（不利的，有害的）internal climates（气氛，症候），inviting clear weatherA summary(概要,概括)of medical knowledge in the Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperors Classic（名著；经典著作）of Medicine)，compiled（编辑；汇编）some time between 475 and 221 BC，describes the use of acupuncture and moxibustion（ ,mksibstn 艾灸：一种使用燃烧后的艾条悬灸人体穴位的中医疗法。）, the pathology（病理学）of the meridians（经络）and viscera（ visr 内脏，脏器），acupuncture points（穴位），indications（适应症）,contraindications（禁忌症） and the application of nine kinds of needlesThe famous Chinese surgeon（外科医生）Hua Tuo was an expert in acupuncture in the Han Dynasty, and through him the“tsun（寸）”，a measurement system using the width（宽度）of a joint（关节）of the patients own finger，was developed to locate(定位)the acupoints(穴位) more accuratelyA book appeared around 400AD called Zhen Jiu Jia Yi jing(A Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion)，which described the names and number of points(点数量，) for each channel(方法)，their exact locations，indications（适应症）, and methods of manipulation(操作)；these are still used in modem acupuncture and acupressure(穴位指压). The Qing Dynasty once issued a decree（法令）banning acupuncture practice because it was thought to be inferior（劣等）medicines being introduced by invading Western culturesBut，the people were convinced（确信；相信） that acupuncture worked and it remained in widespread useIn fact，acupuncture an