光纤通信传送网承载业务分析(英文).doc

光纤通信传送网承载业务Optical fiber communication transmission network carrying business analysiFeng G，Ying W摘要:介绍了目前光纤通信传送网的现状，通过介绍自由交换光网络(ASON)的功能及技术特点 ，从承载业务的角度出发，分析了 ASON 网络承载业务的特点 及其发展趋势。School of Information Engineering, WUT, Wuhan 430070, China E-mail:Abstract：Describes the current status of Optical Fiber communication transmission network, by introducing the technical features and function of Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) ，analyzing the characteristics of ASON network carrying business and its development trend.Key words : Optical Fiber communications, ASON;Abstract CLC Number: TN913 Code: A1 Introduction光纤通信由于具有损耗低、传输频带宽容量大、体积小、重量轻、抗电磁干扰、不易串音等优点而备受业内人士的青睐，发展非常迅速。Optical fiber communications has developed rapidly because of low loss ,large transmission band of tolerance, small size, light weight, resistance to electromagnetic interference, crosstalk and other advantages .从SDH（同步数字系列）发展到DWDM（密集波分复用）,超大容量密集波分复用技术的飞速发展使光纤的容量得到了比较彻底的发掘,解决了网络节点间传输容量的问题。 From the SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ) to the development of DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing), large-capacity dense wavelength division multiplexing technology which enable the rapid development of the capacity of optical fiber has been more thoroughly explore and solve network problems transmission capacity between nodes.但是网络节点瓶颈的问题依然很突出。 However, the network node bottlenecks still very prominent. 随着各种光传送网技术的商用，各大运营商都在探讨光传送网技术的引入问题。With the commercialization of a variety of optical transport network technology, many major carriers are exploring the introduction of optical transport network technology issues. The carrying business analysis is presented based on ASON transport networks from the perspective of carrying business and the characteristics of ASON transport networks.2 2光纤传送网技术Optical Transport Network Technology 在近 30 年的发展过程中，国内单波传输设备由 20 世纪 70 年代的 PDH 发展到 90 年代的 SDH ， 2001 后又推出了 MSTP 的产品，以适应城域网 IP 业务的发展。In the process of development nearly 30 years, the domestic single-wave transmission equipment developed from the PDH in 70s of the 20th century to the SDH in 90s, and later MSTP products were launched to meet the MAN IP business.此后，随着网络对于组网能力和智能化需求的提升，又出现了基于 MSTP 的 ASON 设备。 Since then, with the intelligent network capabilities and demand for network upgrade, the ASON device based on MSTP was launched. 而多波光传输系统方面，也由早期的 2.5G 速率发展为 10G 速率，波道数则由 8 个波长发展到了 160 个波长甚至更多。The multi-wave optical transmission systems also development rapidly , the rate from early 2.5G to 10G, the channel wavelengths from 8 to 160 or more. 到了今天，用于干线的 DWDM 技术已大量步入城域网，其组网的灵活性和业务承载的可靠性也得到了极大的提高。Today, the use of DWDM technology has been a lot of trunk into the metropolitan area, the network flexibility and operational reliability has also been carrying a great improvement2. 经过几十年的发展，光传输技术已非常完美地解决了TDM业务的承载问题，但随着IP业务为主的分组业务的发展，光传送网的承载能力正在经受挑战。 After several years of development, optical transmission technology has a very perfect solution to carrying TDM services.But with the IP-based business group business development, the carrying capacity of optical transport network are experiencing challenges.国际国内的各个光通信厂家一直在不断地寻求新的技术和产品来提升光传输设备对于数据业务的承载能力，发展的领域涉及带宽、灵活性、可靠性、可管理性等各个方面。 International and domestic manufacturers in all optical communication has been constantly seeking new technologies and products to enhance the carrying capacity for various services of optical transmission equipment, development of areas related to the bandwidth, flexibility, reliability, manageability and other aspects. 2.1 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH)统一光接口标准和幀结构；不同厂家的产品可以在光路上互通。Uniform optical interface standard and frame structure; different manufacturers products can interact in the optical path.一步复用特性，上下话路简单，降低成本，提高可靠性和稳定性。 Step multiplexing features, up and down, then a simple way to reduce costs, improve reliability and stability.强大的OAM能力-5%左右的信息作为开销，用来对设备和网络进行操作、管理、维护和配置。 Powerful OAM capacity - about 5% of the information as overhead, used to operate the equipment and networks, management, maintenance and configuration.增强网络的生存性和安全性-能组成各种自愈网；前向/后向兼容-兼容PDH各种速率信号，并能兼容新业务信号。 Enhanced network survivability and security - can be composed of a variety of self-healing network; forward / backward compatible - all kinds of rate-compatible PDH signal and the signal compatible with the new business1. 但是SDH频带利用率低，指针调整机理复杂，软件的大量应用时，系统易受病毒或者误操作的危害However, Low utilization of frequency, complex pointer adjustment mechanism, large-scale application software, the system vulnerable to viruses or misuse of the hazards.2.2密集波分复用（DWDM）技术2.2 Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology DWDM 系统的传输容量很大复用；充分利用光纤的带宽资源，多波长复用在单模光纤中传输使一根光纤的传输容量比单波长传输增加几倍至几十倍；由于同一光纤中传输的信号波长彼此单独因而能够传输特性完全不同的信号；波分复用通道对数据格式透明；能消除电光转换中电子器件的瓶颈。DWDM can be combined in a set of optical wavelength with an optical fiber transmission. Large capacity DWDM transmission system; full use of optical fiber bandwidth, multi-wavelength multiplexing transmission in single-mode fiber to a fiber optic transmission capacity increase over single wavelength transmission times to a few times; For the same fiber transmission wavelength of the signal transmission characteristics of each individual and thus to different signals; WDM channels on the data format are transparent; can eliminate the electro-optic conversion bottleneck of electronic devices. 但是DWDM 系统采用了较多的光器件由此造成了系统成本过高这是当前制约DWDM 系统大规模应用的主要因素DWDM 技术；相关标准的制定还不完善等But the DWDM system using more optical components of the system resulting high cost, which is currently constrained large-scale application of DWDM system, the main factor; the related standards of DWDM technology are not perfect.2.3 自动交换光网络（ASON） Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)1-3 ASON 是指一种具有灵活性、高可扩展性的能直接在光层上按需提供服务的光网络。ASON is a kind of flexibility, high scalability directly optical network which provide services on demand in the optical layer. 它将是未来几年骨干传送网的发展方向It will be the the development direction of the backbone transmission network in the last few years。 .2005 年智能光网络产品将会在运营商的网络中得到小规模试用，而几年以后智能光网络将会成为运营商传送网的主流技术。 Intelligent optical network products will be on probation inthe operators network with small-scale in 2005, but a few years the intelligent optical network will become the mainstream technology in transmission network. ASON 具有以下几个特点： Characteristics of ASON: (1 ）强大而灵活的传送和交换能力、支持复杂拓扑的格状网络； (1) a powerful and flexible transport and switching capacity，supporting complex topology of the lattice-like network; (2) 分布式的控制。 (2) distributed control. 建立分布式、开放的网络控制系统；Establish a distributed, open network control system; (3) 开放的网络管理； (3) open network management; (4) 以业务为中心，支持多业务。 (4) the business center, support multi-service. ASON 可为用户提供以下业务：波长批发、波长出租、带宽运营、按使用量付费、光 VPN 和光拨号等；它还有良好的生存性；具有链路管理、连接进入控制和业务优先级管理；具有路由选择功能；它还具有信令机制。ASON can provide the following services: wholesale wavelength, wavelength leasing, bandwidth operation, according to usage fees, and optical light VPN dial-up, etc.; it also has good survivability; with Link Management, link access control and management of business priorities ; with the routing function; it also has signaling mechanisms. 3 光纤通信传送网业务承载分析3 Carrying nalysis of optical fiber communication transmission network service3作为解决未来的移动通信系统支持高速的数据接入的光纤通信传送网络，其业务承载除了GSM话音业务外，更多的是对移动数据业务As a solution to support future mobile communication systems high-speed data access fiber-optic transmission network, its business bearing in addition to GSM voice services, the more is the carrying of mobile data services. 作为数据业务的整体提供方案，集团用户数据专线业务、智能小区高速上网业务以及带宽出租业务等都应在光纤通信传送网建设中给予考虑。To provide data services as the overall program, the group dedicated user data services, high-speed Internet access business, and intelligent community services such as leasing the bandwidth optical fiber communication transmission network should be in the building be considered. 针对上述考虑，可开发的通信业务将更加丰富，通信网上承载的信息总量和信息流量将迅速增长。In response to these considerations, the development of communication services will be richer, communication line carrying amount of information and information flow will grow rapidly. 远程医疗、网上购物、网上投票、网上视频直播、VOD视频点播、IPTV、网上教学、宽带游戏、视频会议、视频聊天、多媒体邮件等宽带增值业务应用日趋广泛。Telemedicine, online shopping, online voting, online video broadcast, VOD video on demand, IPTV, online learning, broadband games, video conferencing, video chat, multimedia messages and other broadband value-added business applications become increasingly widespread. 以下对ASON传送网的全面承载业务分类进行分析。Following on the full load ASON transport networks business segment analysis. 3.1话音业务承载分析3.1 Carrying analysis of Voice service 3.1.1固定话音业务承载分3.1.1 Carrying analysis of Fixed voice service 目前固定电话用户数缓慢增长，固定话音业务也保持平稳的增长趋势。Fixed telephone subscribers are growth slow in the current, fixed voice services also maintain a steady growth trend. 固定电话业务对带宽的需求增长不快。The bandwidth demand growth slowly. 不远的将来，固定电话网络将向NGN下一代网过渡。The near future, the fixed telephone network will be the next generation network NGN transition in. 数据通信格式为IP数据包，IP数据包首先通过IP承载网承载，然后过渡到传送网络进行传输。Data communication format for the IP packets, IP data packets through the IP bearer network load first, and then transition to the transmission network for transmission. 固定运营商传输节点多，传送网络庞大，电路利用率低。 Fixed-node multi-carrier transmission, a large transmission network, the circuit low utilization rate. 传输带宽需求继续平稳增加，引入ASON可以在满足新增传输带宽需求的同时整合目前电路配置的混乱现状，实现传送网络的平稳转型。Bandwidth demand continues to increase steadily, the introduction of ASON can meet new bandwidth requirements while integrating the current status of the circuit configuration of the chaos to realize the smooth transformation of transmission networks. 3.1.2移动话音业务承载分析3.1.2 Carrying analysis of mobile voice service 目前移动电话业务带宽需求增长较快，移动电话网络的带宽需求占传输系统总带宽需求的比例较大。 Bandwidth of the mobile phone business growth is faster.The mobile phone network bandwidth transmission systems accounted for a larger percentage of the total bandwidth requirements. 3G网络的语音和数据都是以分组的方式传输。3G voice and data networks are based on packet transmitted. First, IP数据包首先通过IP承载网承载，然后过渡到传送网络进行传输。 IP data packets through the IP bearer network load, and then transition to the transmission network for transmission. IP承载网由于承载话音业务，不会在传统城域网内混和传输，必须组建IP专用承载网，此专用承载网必须经过传输层的保护，因此IP承载网是承载在传送网之上的，占用传输带宽。IP bearer network are not transport inside the mixing of traditional metro carrying voice as services, so IP private bearer network must be established. This private bearer network must be with the protection of the transport layer, so IP bearer network is carrying on in the transport network occupied bandwidth. ASON传送网络通过提供丰富的接口、灵活的配置管理、高效的带宽利用、完善的恢复机制等一系列优点。 ASON transmission network with a rich interface, flexible configuration management, and efficient bandwidth utilization, improve the recovery mechanism and a series of advantages4-6. 3.2数据业务的承载分析3.2 Carrying analysis of data services 3.2.1基础数据业务的承载分析3.2.1 Carrying analysis of basic data services 基础数据业务的承载网络主要有X.25、DDN、FR/ATM等。The Bearer network based data services are X.25, DDN, FR / ATM, etc.In the futureX.25、DDN业务未来呈缓慢萎缩趋势，FR/ATM还有一定增长，但是增长幅度不大。 the business of X.25, DDN will shrink slowly . FR / ATM will modest grow. 基础数据业务的带宽需求不大，未来对网络的冲击微乎其微，一般城市基础数据网络的节点数都不会很多，设备的端口速率一般不会超过155Mb/s，对传送网络影响较小。Bandwidth data services are small and have little impact on the network. Generally, data network nodes of urban infrastructure are little and a lot of equipment less impacted on the transmission network will not exceed the port rate of 155Mb / s.网络规划时一般取基础数据网络占交换网络带宽的5%左右。 Network planning, Exchange network based data network accounts for about 5% of the bandwidth Based data network account for the exchange of data network access based on network bandwidth about 5%. 随着技术进步，基础数据网络的承载方式也将革新。As technology advances, the basic data network bearer will be innovation2,3. 基础数据网络虽然带宽占用不大，但是历史沿用至今，承载的业务却是非常重要的，比如银行专线等，基础数据网络的传输层对安全的要求非常高。The basic data network carry very important business with less bandwidth, such as banks and other line. The transport layer security of the requirements of basic data network is very high. ASON circuit cutover can provide a higher recovery mechanism based on network security. 3.2.2IP多媒体业务的承载分析3.2.2 Carrying analysis of IP multimedia services 随着宽带的普及，IP多媒体业务是发展最快的业务。With the popularity of broadband, IP multimedia services is the fastest-growing business. 借助Internet，主要开展娱乐、视频点播、信息浏览查询下载、远程教学、聊天、邮件等各种业务。With Internet, the IP multimedia services main launch entertainment, video, information browse ,query and downloads, distance learning, chat, mail and other business. 3G牌照发放之后，各大运营商都将在省际、省内、本地层面建设专用IP承载网，以便疏通3G语音和移动数据业务。Since 3G license was Issued, the major operators in the inter-provincial, provincial and local level dedicated IP bearer network construction in order to dredge the 3G voice and mobile data services. ASON在疏通IP承载网业务上具有优势能够在传送网上疏通疏通IP承载网业务，能够提供完善的保护机制。ASON can dredge the IP bearer network services, to provide comprehensive protection on the transport network.3.2.3移动数据业务承载分析3.2.3 Carrying analysis of mobile data services移动数据业务是通过IP承载网进行疏通的，IP承载网必须经由传送网络进行传输和保护。Mobile data services was dredged through the IP bearer network, so the IP bearer network must be transmitted and protected via the transmission network.因此ASON对IP承载网的疏通包含了对移动数据业务的承载。 IP bearer network which includes the carrying of mobile data services was dredged by ASON . 3.3流媒体业务承载分析3.3 Carrying analysis of streaming media services流媒体（Streaming Media）指在数据网络上按时间先后次序传输和播放的连续音视频数据流。Streaming Media refers to the continuous audio / video data stream playing and transmitting on the data transmission network by the time sequence. 本质上，流媒体技术是一种在数据网络上传递多媒体信息的技术。In essence, the streaming media technology is a kind of technology transmitting multimedia information on data transmission network. 目前数据网络具有无连接、无确定路径、无质量保证的特点，给多媒体实时数据在数据网络上的传输带来了极大的困难。The current data network with no connection, no definite route, no quality assurance features brings large difficulty to the multimedia real-time data transmission in data networks. 流媒体技术实际上是IP数据网层面的技术，传输层面只是提供透明的传输通道。Streaming media technology is actually the technical aspect of IP data networks, and the transmission aspect is just to provide transparent transmission channel. ASON传送网络以其动态带宽自动配置的优势特别适合流媒体业务的开展。ASON transmission network with its advantages of dynamic bandwidth auto-configuration is suitable for streaming media business conduct.因为传输层为路由器配置的通道是可以通过动态调节不断变化的，路由器之间数据流量小时可以缩减传输配置，路由器之间数据流量大时可以动态增加传输配置，只要带宽需求在ASON传输系统所能提供的最大带宽范围之内，都可以实现动态配置，使得流媒体业务不会因为底层传输的瓶颈而受到影响，不会出现网络拥塞，实时业务不能提供等弊端。Because the transport layer to access the router configuration can be dynamically adjusted by changing the router data, the data traffic flow between the router can dynamically reduce or increase the transmission configuration, as long as the bandwidth requirements is within the limits of the ASON transmission system, so that the underlying streaming services will not be affected by the bottleneck of under layer transmission, neither occur network congestion, real-time services not being provided or other defects2-4. 3.4其它业务承载分析3.4 Carrying analysis of other services 其他业务主要包括带宽出租、大客户接入业务等。Other businesses include the bandwidth rental and the access services of large customers and so on. 这些业务是运营商增长较快，盈利性较好的业务，必须通过传送网络的保护，最大限度的提高业务的安全性，让客户满意。These businesses are growing fast and well-profitable therefore it is better to be protected through the transmission network to increase the operational safety to the maximum for customers satisfaction. ASON引入后比之目前的SDH等传输技术可以更加快速的配置端到端电路，安全性能也更强。The introduction of ASON can be faster to collocate the end to end configuration than the present SDH t